Background: The study on rats showed that some of cytokines and proteins which were produced by macrophages and other cells, plays a critical role in regulating of ABCA1 expression. But, in this area, the study in human subjects, especially subsequent physical activity has not performed. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between lymphocytic ABCA1 protein with IL-10 and TNF-α cyrokines subsequent eight weeks interval combined exercise training (ICET) among overweight and obese boy adolescents.

Materials and Methods: In this semi-experimental study, 28 students (16.93±1.89 yr, 88.07±9.98 kg and 28.35±2.55 kg/m²) were randomly selected and assigned into training (n=13) and control (n=15) groups. Exercise protocol was ICET (8WK, 4 d/wk, 70 min/d).Cell hemolysis and sensitive Elisa method was used for evaluating ABAC1 protein T-student tests and Pearson correlation were used to analyze the data.

Results: The survey changes of post to pre-test of ABCA1, IL-10 and TNF-α showed that there was a positive significant correlation between lymphocytic ABCA1 protein with IL-10 (r=0.43, p=0.032) and a negative significant correlation with TNF-α (r=-0.53, p=0.012) (p<0.01) after eight weeks training. Also, after exercise, ABCA1 level was significantly increased but the levels of in creased IL10 and decreased TNF-α were not significant.

Conclusion: Due to the increased lymphocytic ABCA1 protein concentration and the correlation between variables following training, the results prove that TNF-α and IL-10 may have negative and positive regulatory effects on lymphocytic ABCA1 protein expression, respectively.

Background: The speech disorders may produce irreparable damage to childs speech  and language development in the psychosocial view. The voice, speech sound production and fluency disorders are speech disorders, that  may result from delay or impairment in speech  motor control mechanism, central neuron system disorders, improper language stimulation or voice abuse.

Materials and Methods: This study examined the prevalence of speech disorders in 1393 Arakian students at 1 to 6th grades of primary school. After collecting continuous speech samples, picture description, passage reading and phonetic test, we recorded the pathological signs of stuttering, articulation disorder and voice disorders in a special sheet.

Results: The prevalence of articulation, voice and stuttering disorders was 8%, 3.5% and%1 and the prevalence of speech disorders was 11.9%. The prevalence of speech disorders was decreasing with increasing of student’s grade. 12.2% of boy students and 11.7% of girl students of primary school in Arak had speech disorders.

Conclusion: The prevalence of speech disorders of primary school students in Arak is similar to the prevalence of speech disorders in Kermanshah, but the prevalence of speech disorders in this research is smaller than many similar researches in Iran. It seems that racial and cultural diversity has some effect on increasing the prevalence of speech disorders in Arak city.

Background: Irisin is an exercise-induced myokine that is reduced with type 2 diabetes and improves insulin resistance via the browning of white adipose tissues. However, irisin response to two types of exercise in patients with type 2 diabetes is unknown.

Materials and Methods: In this study, 22 diabetic Wistar rats (Induced by high-fat diet and injections Stz) were randomly assigned to 3 groups: high intensity interval exercise (HIIT), low intensity continuous training (LICT) and control (C). Both HIIT and LICT groups trained on the treadmill 5 sessions per week for 8 weeks. Blood samples were taken 24 hours after the last training session and plasma irisin, insulin and glucose levels were measured. ANOVA and Tukey post hoc tests were used to analyze data and the level of significance has been considered at p≤0.05.

Results: Data analysis showed that plasma irisin levels in the HIIT group were significantly increased compared to the control group (p<0.05). However, there was no significant difference between other groups (p>0.05). Plasma glucose in both HIIT and LICT groups was significantly decreased compared to the control group (p<0.05). But plasma insulin levels and insulin resistance index were not different between groups (p>0.05).

Conclusion: The results of this study showed that exercise training can increase plasma irisin in rats with type 2 diabetes. However, these changes are partially dependent on the type of exercise training.

Background: Known inflammatory factors in type II diabetes and complications are delaying adjustment this factor, it is an effective approach in preventing complications.The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of eight weeks aerobic interval training on interleukin-6 and interleukin-10 serum levels, in women with type II diabetes.

Materials and Methods: In this study, 18 patients with type II diabetes in Ahvaz city, were randomly divided into the two experimental group (n=10) and control group (n=8). The experimental group did the aerobic interval training and pedaling on the ergometer bicycle with 65 to 80 percent of their maximum leg power for three times a week during the eight weeks. The blood samples were prepared in two pre-test and post-test steps to measure the interleukin-6  and interleukin-10 serum levels through ELISA method.

Results: Statistical analysis showed that after eight weeks of aerobic interval training, interleukin-6 and interleukin-10 serum levels, related to the experimental group had no significant difference in comparison with control group (p>0.05).

Conclusion: The results indicate that doing the aerobic interval training for three times a week during eight weeks with 65 to 80 percent of maximum leg power, it has no effect on inflammatory and anti-inflammatory indices, in women with type II diabetes.

Background:  The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of resistance training with different intensities on serum myostatin and follistatin levels in sedentary young women.

Materials and Methods: In this practical and semi experimental study, 24 sedentary young women with range of 20-30 years and BMI 22-25 kg/m² were selected by convenience sampling. Then, the volunteers were randomly assigned into two groups, [resistance training group with low intensity (40-60% of one repetition maximum) and high intensity (70-90% of one repetition maximum)]. The training protocols included: 8 weeks, 3 times a week. Blood samples (5cc) were obtained at baseline and 48 hours after at the end of the study; Also Serum levels of myostatin and follistatin were measured by ELISA methods. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance of repeated measures test by SPSS at the significant level (p<0.05).

Results: There was a significant increase in the levels of follistatin and follistatin to myostatin ratio in high intensity group (p≤0.05). Also there was a significant decrease in the levels of myostatin in high intensity group (p≤0.05); however, there was no significant change in the levels of follistatin, myostatin and follistatin to myostatin ratio in low intensity group (p≥0.05). Also there was no significant change in these variables in high intensity group compared to low intensity group (p≥0.05).

Conclusion: It’s seems that the activation of important myogenic and myostatic factors in sedentary young women need to do high intensity resistance training.

Abstract

Background: Osteoporosis is describesd as a disorder and skeletal disease that decrease bone strength and increases the risk of a bone fractures. Genetic factors have effect role in the progression of the osteoporosis. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between LRP4 gene polymorphism with osteoporosis in a population of postmenopausal women from north of Iran.

Materials and Methods: In this case-control study, 80 female patients with osteoporosis and 80 healthy females without osteoporosis with average age of 45-60 has been investigated. After DNA extraction from genome samples, polymorphism of LRP4 (rs4752947) gene have been investigated by PCR-RFLP method. Data were analyzed by SPSS software.

Results: Our results showed no significant relationship between polymorphism of LRP4(rs4752947) gene and the risk of osteoporosis disease in two patients and control groups. Also, AT genotype and TT genotype compared with AA genotype increased the chance of disease by 1379 and 3.5, respectively. In addition, TT alleles compared with AA alleles, increased the chance of osteoporosis up to 1.605 times.

Conclusion: Of course, more complementary studies considering other LRP4 gene subtypes with more individuals for better findings are needed.

Abstract

Background: Diabetes mellitus is associated with reductions in fertility indices. Resistance training, on the other hand, through reducing the adverse effects of diabetes, exerts a positive impact on diabetic individuals. The aim of the present study was to examine the effects of ten weeks of resistance training on serum levels of reproductive hormones and sperm parameters in Wistar rats with diabetes mellitus type 2.

Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, 36 Wistar rats with mean weight of 200±50 were randomly assigned to healthy control, diabetic control and diabetic training groups. The diabetic resistance training group received ten weeks of resistance training (climbing up the ladder) following the induction of diabetes. Twenty-four hours after the last training session, left epididymis of the rats was examined for studying sperm parameters and blood serum samples were examined for evaluating reproductive hormones. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Turkey’s Post Hoc test at 0.05%.

Results: Ten weeks of resistance training induced significant increases in serum testosterone and FSH levels in the resistance training group in comparison to the diabetic group (p<0.007).Resistance training did not have any significant effects on serum LH levels in the resistance training group compared to the diabetic control group. In addition, sperm parameters (sperm count, survival rate and motility) presented significant improvements compared to the diabetic group(p<0.05).

Conclusion: Resistance training can improve sperm parameters, including sperm count, survival rate and motility, through increasing serum testosterone, LH and FSH levels (reproductive hormones) in rats with diabetes mellitus type 2.

Abstract

Background: Sirtuin-1 regulates important cellular processes, including apoptosis, cellular senescence, and metabolism. Therefore, sirtuin-1 may be a novel therapeutic target for type 2 diabetes. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of 8 weeks aerobic training on sirtuin-1 level and cardiometabolic parameters in women with type 2 diabetes.

Materials and Methods: In this semi-experimental study with pretest – posttest design, twenty diabetic women (aged 43.92±5.2 y) were randomly assigned to aerobic training or non-exercising control groups. Aerobic training program was performed 50-60 min/d, 3d/wk, for 2 months. Serum levels of sirtuin-1, body composition and metabolic parameters were assessed before and after the training period. Data were analyzed by paired T test.

Results: Adiposity indices, total cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL- cholesterol,blood glucose and insulin resistance index were significantly reduced in the intervention group compared to the control (p<0.05). Also, sirtuin-1 level was increased in the intervention group compared to the control (p<0.05).

Conclusion: These findings show that aerobic exercise is associated with an improvement in siruin-1 levels and metabolic indices in women with type 2 diabetes.

Abstract

Background: Recently a myokine named irisin has been discovered that effects on obesity, metabolism and glucose homeostasis through browning white adipose tissue and thermogenesis. However, the effects of type and intensity of exercises on it have remained unclear. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of two acute eccentric and concentric exercises on serum irisin level and insulin resistance in obese sedentary women.

Materials and Methods: The study was quasi-experimental. 15 female students with a body mass index above 30 kg/m² and mean age 24.86±2.87 years participated in the study. After measuring the maximal uptake oxygen of participants, they did two acute eccentric and concentric exercises using treadmill in a cross-over design within 10 days. After at least 8 hours- fasting, blood samples were collected before and immediately after each activity, to measure the levels of irisin, glucose and insulin. Data were analyzed using paired t-test and repeated measures ANOVA. In addition, Pearson correlation was used to examine the relationship between variables.

Results: the irisin levels increased significantly after both types of exercises (p<0.05), that this increase in concentric activity was more than eccentric activity. Insulin resistance increased immediately after both exercises as well, that this increase in concentric exercise was statistically significant (p<0.05).

Conclusion: However, both eccentric and concentric exercises had no effect on improving insulin resistance in obese women, but they can be considered as a good stimulus for the secretion of Irisin.

BACKGROUND: Acne vulgaris is chronic  inflamatory disease  of the pilosebaceous unit.Patients  experience  psychological  burdens like depression ,anxiety , and low self-esteem. Isotretinoin  is used in the treatment of  severe ,recalcitrant acne ;however,treatment  commonly results in associated   with  a  number  of  adverse effects that treatment stopped  consequent  this side effects. The aim of this study is to evaluate  the effect of oral  omega 3 on  side-effects of  isotretinoin .

METHODS:One  hundred eighteen  patients with sever acne vulgaris  were  randomized to two groups. Control group recived  isotretinoin (0.5 mg∕kg) alone and case  group received  isotretinoin (0.5 mg∕kg)  combined  with omega 3 (2 capsuls) daily.the treatment duration was 16 weeks.Mucocutaneous  side-effects  were assessed(4,8,12,16th wk).

RESULTS:Lip  dryness (4,8,12th wk)  and  dryness of nose, skin ,eye  in the 4 th week in the patients treated with isotretinoin and omega3 was lesser than in the patients treated with isotretinoin  (P value < 0.001).

CONCLUSION:Omega 3 decreased  the  mucocutaneous side effects in the patients  with acne   vulgaris   who received  isotretinoin.

Abstract

Background: Self-talk is a psychological intervention that can affect the performance of an individulal, so the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of balance-training with educational and motivational self-talk on balance in women with MS in the city of Arak.

Materials and Methods: This study was a semi-experimental research with pre-test and post-test. The statistical population included women with MS in the city of Arak. 42 patients with the age range of 20-50 years old were chosen as samples and randomly were divided in 3 groups of individuls as control, educational self-talk and motivation self-talk and were experimented by Berg balance test.The experimental groups practiced the balance excercises for a month , 3 times a week and 45 minutes in each session. Then, post-test was performed for them. For data collecting, the demographic questionnaire, Berg balance test, one leg balance test and star test were used. Data analysis was done by using ANOVA and Tokey post-test by SPSS23 software at a significant level less than 0.05.

Results: The results of this study showed that the mean score of balance in educational self- talk group than motivational self-talk group (p = 0.045) a control group (p = 0.008) was significantly higher. Thus, the mean score balance performance test, motivational self-talk and control groups showed no significant difference (p = 0.689)

Conclusion: According the findings of this study, balance training with educational self-talk affects on balance in women with MS. Thus, balance training with educational self-talk can be a good approach to improve the balance in the women with MS. oxidative stress and DNA damage considerably. Thus, it is advisable for operating room personnel to consume green tea as a natural antioxidant supplement.

Abstract

Background: Aminoglycosides are used as antibiotics in combination with beta-lactamas for many treatments of staphylococcal infections. Development of resistance in resistant strains can be done by enzymes produced by effective genes that cause the destruction of aminoglycoside antibiotics. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of the aac (6 ') Ie / aph (2 "), aph (3') - IIIa1, ant (4 ') - Ia1 genes and mecA in staphylococcus strains which play an effective part in the resistance of aminoglycosides.

Materials and Methods: in this descriptive cross-sectional observation, 113 clinical samples including 68 isolate of Staphylococcus epidermidis and 45 isolate of Staphylococcus saprophyticus of 459 clinical samples were identified by biochemical and molecular tests. The antibiotic susceptibility pattern of isolates was determined using MIC method by E-test strips. Then, to determine the presence of genes responsible for resistance to aminoglycosides, gene-specific primers were used.

Results: Of 68 isolates obtained from saprophyticus Staphylococcus aureus, 39isolates(57.35%) were mecA gene. As well, 13 isolates (19.11%) have aac (6 ') Ie / aph (2 ") gene, 9 isolates (13.23%) have aph (3') - IIIa1 gene and 7 isolates (7.3%) have ant (4 ') - Ia1 gene. Of 45 isolates of Staphylococcus saprophyticus, 23 isolates(51.11%) have mecA genes, 8 isolates (17.77%) have aac (6') Ie / aph (2 ") gene, 4 isolates (8/8%) have aph (3 ') - IIIa1 gene and 2 isolates (4.4%) have gene ant (4') - Ia1 gen.

Conclusion: Statistical analysis showed that the prevalence of aminoglycoside genes is more among strains resistant to methicillin and this would suggest that methicillin-resistant strains are easy situation for the acquisition of resistance to other antibiotics.

Abstract

Background: Protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) is a key enzyme in dephosphorylation of the insulin receptor (IR) and it is a central factor to induce the insulin resistance. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of 12-week aerobic training on protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B gene expression and insulin resistance in diabetic rats.

Materials and Methods: In this study, 16 Wistar rats were divided into aerobic training and control groups. After inducing diabetes intra protaneally, aerobic training group performed training protocol for 12 weeks and 5 session/week. The duration and speed of each session increased progressively as 18 to 26 m/min and 10 to 55 min, respectively. Then, blood and tissue (from gastrocnemius) sampling were carried out in diabetic rats. Insulin resistance markers and PTP1B gene expression were evaluated by commercial kits and Real-Time PCR method, respectively.

Results: Findings showed that PTP1B significantly was decreased in diabetic rats of aerobic training group (p=0.0001). Also, glucose and insulin resistance significantly was decreased in aerobic training groups (p=0.02 and p=0.006, respectively). However, insulin in control rats was significantly increased (p=0.015).

Conclusion: It seems that, current aerobic training protocol has capability to decrease PTP1B and insulin resistance in diabetic rats. Furthermore, the direct correlation between PTP1B and insulin illustrated that any changes in insulin resistance due to exercise training associated with diminution of negative regulation of insulin signaling pathway.

Abstract

Background: Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is one of the most important causes of mortality in intubated traumatic patients admitted in ICU. The aim of current study was to determine correlation between blood products transfusion with incidence of VAP in traumatic patients under mechanical ventilation in ICU.

Materials and Methods: This study was a prospective descriptive-analytical study. Current study was carried out on traumatic patients under mechanical ventilation admitted to Imam Khomeini hospital ICU wards of Sari city, from September 2015 to September 2016. In addition to demographic data, patients' clinical information were daily recorded.

Results: Of total of 2304 patients admitted to ICU, 186 traumatic patients under mechanical ventilation longer than 48 hours were reviewed and analyzed. Among patients infected with VAP, 36 persons(87.8%) had transfusion of blood products before VAP incidence. Blood products transfusion (before and / or after 48 hours) had the highest adjusted risk ratio in the incidence of VAP (Odds ratio; OR=3.58). Also, amount of injected Packed Red Blood Cells and platelet were significantly higher in patients infected with VAP (p<0.005).

Conclusion: Considering remarkable increase in incidence of VAP following blood products transfusion and its correlation with injected PRBC and platelet, considering these modifiable risk factors for controlling and preventing the incidence of VAP in traumatic patients under mechanical ventilation in ICU is necessary and reasonable.

Abstract

Background: Today, the role of word of mouth (WOM) in making decision particularly in service sector became important. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the effect of word of mouth on pregnant woman decision-making behavior to join the Royan Cord Blood Bank.

Materials and Methods: The research is operational and has a causal nature. The population of study was 790 pregnant women enrolled in Royan Cord Blood Bank in Arak city that 294 subjects were selected by available non-random sampling method. To collect data, questionnaire instrument was used. Data were analyzed according to Structural Equations Modeling (SEM) by LISREL (version 8.54) software.

Results: The results of the study revealed that the effect of communication medium on personal information source and word of mouth was significant and positive. In addition, opinion leaders had a significant and positive influence on personal information source and word of mouth and also, the significant and negative effect of opinion leaders on perceived risk was seen. Personal information source had a significant and positive effect on decision-making. However, social structure didn't have any effect on word of mouth. Likewise, word of mouth didn't influence decision-making.

Conclusion: According to the findings of the research, it seems that paying attention to the prerequisites and conditions making a suitable bed for creating effective word of mouth and expanding it to making decision for joining the Royan Cord Blood Bank is very necessary.

Abstract

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a common disease in human societies that dealing with its complications imposes enormous cost to the health system. The previous studies have shown that bone biochemical markers can be used for evaluation of bone metabolism in response to physical activity. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of increasing 10-week aerobic exercise (AE) on serum osteocalcin, PTH and glycemic and anthropometric indices in postmenopausal women with type II diabetes.

Materials and Methods: In this semi-experimental study, 40 postmenopausal women with type II diabetes (40-60 years) as available subjects were selected and randomly assigned into two exercise (20) and control (20) groups. Exercise protocol was AE and walking activity for 10 weeks (3d/wk, 45 to 60 min/d with 45% to 60% HRRmax intensity). Blood samples were taken before and after exercise to measure serum variables. Data were analyzed by T-test and statistical significance criterion was set as p<0.05.

Results: AE makes a significant increase in osteocalcin levels and a decrease in insulin resistance index, insulin and fasting blood glucose in the experimental group (p<0.05). Changes in other variables such as PTH, HbA1c and anthropometric indices were not significant (p>0.05).

Conclusion: Due to the favorable effects of AE on osteocalcin and glycemic indices, it seems that this training method can be recommended as a non-invasive treatment for maintaining bone density and controlling blood glucose in diabetic patients.

Abstract

Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of aerobic exercise and GnRH agonist on the levels of apelin and insulin resistance index in girls with central precocious puberty.

Materials and Methods: In this study, twenty-five girls (7.44±0.34 years) with precocious puberty were included. They were randomly divided into three groups (drug, n=10, exercise+drug, n=8, and exercise, n=7) and one control group (healthy, n=10). In the experimental group, aerobic exercise for 12 weeks, 3 days/week was done, duration intensity of exercise gradually increased 5 minutes and 5% respectively every 2 week. Also, the GnRH agonists were used as medicine. BMI, the apelin and insulin resistance index were assessed before and after exercise.

Results: Insulin resistance index and apelin serum levels in experimental group (exercise and exercise+ drug) were significantly decreased(p=0.05), while these factors were unchanged in control group (p=0.05). Additionally, BMI in exercie groups was significantly decreased (p=0.000), while it was increased in experimental group (drug group) (p=0.06).

Conclusion: Considering to current data, it could demonstrate that aerobic training and GNRH agonists at the same time can lead to a decrease in BMI and apelin and an improvement in insulin resistance index.

Abstract

Background: In response to the exercise, variety of inflammatory and anti-inflammatory changes in cytokines were occurred into the tissue spaces and also to the systemic circulation. The purpose of the current study was to determine the effect of three-week intensive interval training on Lipocalin-2 and Interleukin1-β in healthy and adult rat hippocampus.

Materials and Methods: Twenty Wistar rats were divided into training and control groups. Training group performed 15 (bouts) × 4 (min) exercise training for 60 min with 85 to 90% of VO_2max used for four sessions/week (for 3 weeks). Then, blood (for ELISA analyzing) and tissue sampling was performed from rat’s hippocampus and they were evaluated by using a Real-Time PCR method. Also, independent and paired t tests were used to define within and between group differences.

Results: Findings showed that gene translations of Lipocalin-2 and Interleukin1-β were significantly decreased in rat’s hippocampus (p=0.0001 and p=0.0001, respectively). Also, similar decreases were shown in serum levels of Lipocalin-2 and Interleukin1-β in rats (p=0.017 and p=0.003, respectively).

Conclusion: It seems that significant decrease of Lipocalin-2 subsequent of short-time intensive interval training is due to decreasing and significant changes in Interleukin1-β. Also, current training protocol on treadmill can significantly decrease levels of Lipocalin-2 and Interleukin1-β in rat serum and hippocampus.

Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the response of the most important angiogenic and angiostatic factors to a session activity before and after a period of L-Arginine supplementation in active men.

Materials and Methods: In this practical and semi experimental study, 22 active men were selected by convenience sampling method and they were randomly assigned into supplement (n=11) and placebo (n=11) groups. Baseline levels of VEGF and endostatin were measured, then subjects participated an exhaustive treadmill protocol in pre-test and post-test. Immediately and two hours after the protocol, 3 cc blood samples were prepared. The subjects used daily 0.1 g.kg^-1 respectively taking l-arginine and placebo for 14 days. The results were analyzed at the significant level (p<0.05).

Results: Immediately after exercise, the levels of VEGF and VEGF to endostatin ratio were significantly decreased in both groups compared to baseline (p≤0.05), and two hours later this change were lower than the baseline value (p≤0.05). The levels of endostatin immediately after exercise were significantly increased in both groups compared to baseline (p≤0.05) and two hours later this change were lower than the baseline value (p≤0.05). Before and after L-Arginine supplementation, the levels, of VEGF and VEGF to endostatin ratio immediately after exercise were not significant(p≥0.05). while this change in the supplementation group were significantly increased two hours after exercise (p≤0.05). There was no significant change in the levels of endostatin between two groups immediately after exercise (p≥0.05); however, these changes were significantly decreased two hours after exercise (p≤0.05).

Conclusion: It seems that short-term L-arginine supplementation probably stimulate angiogenesis factors in response to exercise in active men.

Abstract

Background: The adipocytokine visfatin is secreted by the adipose tissue and is associated with plasma glucose level and can affect diabetes. Furthermore, aloe vera is used in traditional medicine as an anti-diabetic drug. The current study aimed to determine the effects of swimming along with taking aloe vera extract on visfatin serum level, glucose level, and the ratio of triglycerides to high-density lipoproteins in diabetic male rats.

Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, 28 diabetic male rats were chosen and placed in four groups of 1) control, 2) swimming, 3) aloe vera extract and 4) swimming along with aloe vera. The swimming program began with 6 minutes in the first week and increased to 36 minutes in the sixth week. Groups 3 and 4 received 300 mg/kg of aloe vera extract per day. Control group didn’t performe any regular exercise and also didn’t receive any extract. Data were analyzed by using ANOVA and the Tukey post hoc test.

Results: In all the three groups (swimming group, extract group and swimming along with extract group), there was a significant reduction in blood glucose, ratio of triglycerides to high density lipoproteins and the visfatin level compared to the control group (p≤0.05).

Conclusion: Results indicated that swimming together with aloe vera extract reduce the ratio of triglycerides to high density lipoproteins and glucose and increase visfatin receptors' sensitivity, and thus reduce visfatin serum levels in diabetic male rats.