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Ahmad Hamta, Mahsa Mohammadi, Jamshid Ansari,
Volume 19, Issue 11 (2-2017)
Volume 19, Issue 11 (2-2017)
Abstract
Background: Biological and epidemiological data indicate that the levels of vitamin D maybe affect the breast cancer risk. Vitamin D plays an important role in cell proliferation, apoptosis and tumor growth suppression. Vitamin D receptor is a critical mediator for the cellular reactions of vitamin D. Some of the epidemiological studies, reviewed the relationship between VDR gene polymorphism ApaI and breast cancer, but the controversial findings have been achieved.
Materials and Methods: In this study, a population-based case-control study including 140 patients and 160 healthy individuals of women in Markazi Province were evaluated using PCR-RFLP approach. Genomic DNA was extracted from blood samples using the salting-out procedure. Polymorphism of interest was determined by PCR-RFLP method using ApaI enzyme and statistical analysis was performed by SPSS software.
Results: Based on the results of this study, distribution of AA genotype in cancer and control groups was, 38.6 and 26.87, for AC genotype 55.00 and 66.87, and finally for CC genotype 6.43 and 6.26 respectively. The results of this study showed no association between ApaI polymorphism of the VDR gene and breast cancer(OR=0.903,CI=95%, 0.29-2.95.)
Conclusion: In this study, we found no association between ApaI polymorphism and breast cancer, which are consistent with the findings of some other researchs. It is necessary to examine a larger population to achieve more definitive results.
Farrokh Karimi,
Volume 20, Issue 8 (11-2017)
Volume 20, Issue 8 (11-2017)
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Nowadays, drug resistances are the main problems in no response of cancer patients to drug. Identification of molecular mechanisms and causative agents of drug resistance can be important to determine the treatment method in different stages of disease. In this study, for the first time, expression of multidrug resistance (MDR1) gene was studied in colorectal cancer by Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs)-based nanobiosensor method.
Materials and Methods: At first, a nanobiosensor was designed based on carbon nanotubes (CNTs). After optimizing reaction condition to identify target DNA sequence, colorectal cancer patient’s cDNA samples were evaluated by nanbiosensor.
Results: After immobilizing the probe on CNTs, Fluorescence immersion was quenched but by adding complementary DNA, fluorescence again was observed. In hybridization reaction of cDNA with nanobiosensor high significant levels of fluorescence emission was observed in colorectal cancer tumor samples compared normal tissue indicating high level expression of MDR1gene in tumor tissue.
Conclusion: Finally, the evaluation of the expression of MDR1 gene by nanobiosensor indicated that in colorectal cancer tissue MDR1, mRNA level was higher than normal tissue. In addition, the results of this study indicated that carbon nanotubes-based nanobiosensor beside PCR-based method can be used as a very powerful tool for expression studies in human cancers at mRNA levels.
Background: Nowadays, drug resistances are the main problems in no response of cancer patients to drug. Identification of molecular mechanisms and causative agents of drug resistance can be important to determine the treatment method in different stages of disease. In this study, for the first time, expression of multidrug resistance (MDR1) gene was studied in colorectal cancer by Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs)-based nanobiosensor method.
Materials and Methods: At first, a nanobiosensor was designed based on carbon nanotubes (CNTs). After optimizing reaction condition to identify target DNA sequence, colorectal cancer patient’s cDNA samples were evaluated by nanbiosensor.
Results: After immobilizing the probe on CNTs, Fluorescence immersion was quenched but by adding complementary DNA, fluorescence again was observed. In hybridization reaction of cDNA with nanobiosensor high significant levels of fluorescence emission was observed in colorectal cancer tumor samples compared normal tissue indicating high level expression of MDR1gene in tumor tissue.
Conclusion: Finally, the evaluation of the expression of MDR1 gene by nanobiosensor indicated that in colorectal cancer tissue MDR1, mRNA level was higher than normal tissue. In addition, the results of this study indicated that carbon nanotubes-based nanobiosensor beside PCR-based method can be used as a very powerful tool for expression studies in human cancers at mRNA levels.
Tahereh Yahya, Shohreh Zare Karizi, Ali Jahanian,
Volume 20, Issue 9 (12-2017)
Volume 20, Issue 9 (12-2017)
Abstract
Abstract
Background: DNA-based computing is an emerging research aspect that enables the in-vivo computation and decision making with significant correctness. Recent papers show that the expression level of miRNAs are related to the progress status of some diseases such as cancers and DNA computing is introduced as a low cost and concise technique for detection of these biomarkers. In this paper, DNA-based logic gates are implemented in the laboratory to detect the level of miR-21 as the biomarker of cancer.
Materials and Methods: At the first, required strands for designing DNA gates are synthesized. Then, double stranded gate is generated in laboratory using a temperature gradient that followed by electrophoresis process. This double strand is the computation engine for detecting the miR-21 biomarker. miR-21 is as input in designed gate. At the end, the expression level of miR-21 is identified by measuring the generated fluorescent.
Results: at the first stage, the proposed DNA-based logic gate is evaluated by using the synthesized input strands and then it is experimented on a tumor tissue. Experimental results on synthesized strands show that its detection quality/correctness is 2.5x better than conventional methods.
Conclusion: Experimental results on the tumor tissues are successful and are matched with those are extracted from real time PCR results. Also, the results show that this method is significantly more suitable than real time PCR in view of time and cost.
Background: DNA-based computing is an emerging research aspect that enables the in-vivo computation and decision making with significant correctness. Recent papers show that the expression level of miRNAs are related to the progress status of some diseases such as cancers and DNA computing is introduced as a low cost and concise technique for detection of these biomarkers. In this paper, DNA-based logic gates are implemented in the laboratory to detect the level of miR-21 as the biomarker of cancer.
Materials and Methods: At the first, required strands for designing DNA gates are synthesized. Then, double stranded gate is generated in laboratory using a temperature gradient that followed by electrophoresis process. This double strand is the computation engine for detecting the miR-21 biomarker. miR-21 is as input in designed gate. At the end, the expression level of miR-21 is identified by measuring the generated fluorescent.
Results: at the first stage, the proposed DNA-based logic gate is evaluated by using the synthesized input strands and then it is experimented on a tumor tissue. Experimental results on synthesized strands show that its detection quality/correctness is 2.5x better than conventional methods.
Conclusion: Experimental results on the tumor tissues are successful and are matched with those are extracted from real time PCR results. Also, the results show that this method is significantly more suitable than real time PCR in view of time and cost.
Bita Kaviani, Hossein Sazegar, Noosha Zia-Jahromi, Farzane Mohamadi Farsani,
Volume 20, Issue 11 (2-2018)
Volume 20, Issue 11 (2-2018)
Abstract
Abstract
Background: The aim of this study is to investigate the role of rs137852599 single-nucleotide polymorphism in the androgen receptor coding gene on drug resistance against treatment with Enzalutamide in individuals diagnosed with prostate cancer.
Materials and Methods: In this case-control study, the ARMS-PCR analysis was conducted on androgen receptor coding gene in 50 patients diagnosed with prostate cancer with drug resistance and on 50 patients diagnosed with prostate cancer without drug resistance. The statistical analyses were performed using the GeNePop server and then the results were investigated by the SISA server.
Results: The allele frequencies of A and C alleles in rs137852599 were 0.78 and 0.22 for drug resistant and 0.94 and 0.06 for non-drug resistance groups. The results indicated that there is a meaningful relationship between drug resistance and rs137852599 single-nucleotide polymorphism
(p = 0.020).
Conclusion: The existence of single-nucleotide polymorphisms may result in drug resistance in individuals diagnosed with prostate cancer. Therefore, investigation of the existence of such polymorphisms can be effective in prescription of suitable drugs for these patients.
Background: The aim of this study is to investigate the role of rs137852599 single-nucleotide polymorphism in the androgen receptor coding gene on drug resistance against treatment with Enzalutamide in individuals diagnosed with prostate cancer.
Materials and Methods: In this case-control study, the ARMS-PCR analysis was conducted on androgen receptor coding gene in 50 patients diagnosed with prostate cancer with drug resistance and on 50 patients diagnosed with prostate cancer without drug resistance. The statistical analyses were performed using the GeNePop server and then the results were investigated by the SISA server.
Results: The allele frequencies of A and C alleles in rs137852599 were 0.78 and 0.22 for drug resistant and 0.94 and 0.06 for non-drug resistance groups. The results indicated that there is a meaningful relationship between drug resistance and rs137852599 single-nucleotide polymorphism
(p = 0.020).
Conclusion: The existence of single-nucleotide polymorphisms may result in drug resistance in individuals diagnosed with prostate cancer. Therefore, investigation of the existence of such polymorphisms can be effective in prescription of suitable drugs for these patients.
Sara Karimi Moghadam, Roohollah Dorostkar, Saeed Hesami Takallou,
Volume 20, Issue 11 (2-2018)
Volume 20, Issue 11 (2-2018)
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Breast cancer is the most common cancer in Iran and breast cancer is the fifth leading cause of death among women. Diagnosis of breast cancer in early stages could increase the lifetime of more than 90% of patients. Human endogenous retroviruses are as heterochromatic parts of the genome, lack any expression. But in several categories of human cancers, including breast cancer, there is a significant increase in the level of HERV-Kenv mRNA.
Materials and Methods: In this case-control study, blood samples were collected from 40 breast cancer patients admitted in Baqiyatallah Hospital and 20 healthy individuals to study the increased expression of HERV-Kenv mRNA using specific primers and were tested by RT-PCR.
Results: Investigations on the patient and control groups showed that increased expression of mRNA was positive in 60% of patients with breast cancer and negative in all healthy subjects.
Conclusion: The results of this study showed that expression of mRNA HERV Kenv in breast cancer was increased. Since enhancement of mRNA HERV-Kenv in the blood of breast cancer patients occurs in of disease, these retroelements could be used as a diagnostic biomarker
Background: Breast cancer is the most common cancer in Iran and breast cancer is the fifth leading cause of death among women. Diagnosis of breast cancer in early stages could increase the lifetime of more than 90% of patients. Human endogenous retroviruses are as heterochromatic parts of the genome, lack any expression. But in several categories of human cancers, including breast cancer, there is a significant increase in the level of HERV-Kenv mRNA.
Materials and Methods: In this case-control study, blood samples were collected from 40 breast cancer patients admitted in Baqiyatallah Hospital and 20 healthy individuals to study the increased expression of HERV-Kenv mRNA using specific primers and were tested by RT-PCR.
Results: Investigations on the patient and control groups showed that increased expression of mRNA was positive in 60% of patients with breast cancer and negative in all healthy subjects.
Conclusion: The results of this study showed that expression of mRNA HERV Kenv in breast cancer was increased. Since enhancement of mRNA HERV-Kenv in the blood of breast cancer patients occurs in of disease, these retroelements could be used as a diagnostic biomarker
Mohammadbagher Nikzad, Shadmehr Mirdar,
Volume 20, Issue 12 (3-2018)
Volume 20, Issue 12 (3-2018)
Abstract
Abstract
Background: It is believed that sports exercises have minimal impacts on the pathological changes in the lung tissue exposed to chemical carcinogens in cigarette smoke. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of 12 weeks of swimming exercises on IL-6 concentration in the lung tissue of rats following the injection of carcinogen NNK.
Materials and Methods: This study is experimental in terms of the design. Forty-six Wistar rats were divided into five groups: A) Exercise (E), B) Exercise-NNK (EN), C) NNK (N), D) Control (C) and E) Vehicle (V). Exercise groups completed the swimming exercises for twelve weeks, five days per week (25-60min). Rats of vehicle and NNK treatment groups were respectively administered subcutaneous injections of distilled water and NNK (12.5mg/kg, once a week, 12weeks). Then, samples of the lung tissue were collected and IL-6 concentration was measured by ELISA technique. One-way analysis of variance and Tukey post hoc test were used for data analysis at the level of p ≤ 0.05.
Results: The results indicated a significant decrease of IL-6 concentration in exercise (p=0.009), exercise-NKK (p=0.006) groups and vehicle (p=0.006) with NKK groups; while there was no significant difference between exercise groups and the control groups. The swimming exercises can reduce IL-6 concentration significantly in lung tissue of rats following the injection of carcinogen NNK.
Conclusion: It seems that endurance exercises, along with other therapeutic methods, can play a role in reducing the effects of carcinogen NNK and negative effects of smoking by decreasing the inflammatory factor of IL-6.
Background: It is believed that sports exercises have minimal impacts on the pathological changes in the lung tissue exposed to chemical carcinogens in cigarette smoke. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of 12 weeks of swimming exercises on IL-6 concentration in the lung tissue of rats following the injection of carcinogen NNK.
Materials and Methods: This study is experimental in terms of the design. Forty-six Wistar rats were divided into five groups: A) Exercise (E), B) Exercise-NNK (EN), C) NNK (N), D) Control (C) and E) Vehicle (V). Exercise groups completed the swimming exercises for twelve weeks, five days per week (25-60min). Rats of vehicle and NNK treatment groups were respectively administered subcutaneous injections of distilled water and NNK (12.5mg/kg, once a week, 12weeks). Then, samples of the lung tissue were collected and IL-6 concentration was measured by ELISA technique. One-way analysis of variance and Tukey post hoc test were used for data analysis at the level of p ≤ 0.05.
Results: The results indicated a significant decrease of IL-6 concentration in exercise (p=0.009), exercise-NKK (p=0.006) groups and vehicle (p=0.006) with NKK groups; while there was no significant difference between exercise groups and the control groups. The swimming exercises can reduce IL-6 concentration significantly in lung tissue of rats following the injection of carcinogen NNK.
Conclusion: It seems that endurance exercises, along with other therapeutic methods, can play a role in reducing the effects of carcinogen NNK and negative effects of smoking by decreasing the inflammatory factor of IL-6.
Ahmad Hamta, Milad Pezeshki, Jamshid Ansari,
Volume 20, Issue 12 (3-2018)
Volume 20, Issue 12 (3-2018)
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Biological and epidemiological data suggest that damage induced by endogenous and exogenous factors affects the integrity and stability of DNA and associated with susceptibility to breast cancer. The XRCC3 protein participates in DNA double-strand breaks and recombination repair. The aim of the present study was to evaluate associations between the risk of breast cancer and Thr241Met polymorphism in the XRCC3 gene.
Materials and Methods: In this study, the effects of Thr241Met polymorphism of the XRCC3 gene and the risk of breast cancer in a population-based case-control study inclusive 80 patients and 80 healthy individuals of women in Markazi province were evaluated. Genomic DNA was extracted from blood samples using the kit procedure. The genotypes of samples were determined by PCR-RFLP technique. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS software (estimation of χ2 and p-value) and the final results were determined.
Results: Statistically significant difference was observed between the two groups of patients and controls for three genotypes of the site rs861539 (p= 0.000). Genotype CT (p= 0.000, OR=2.352, CI= 95%; 2.431 - 39.948) and TT (p = 0.003, OR= 2.352, CI=95%; 0.611 - 9.049) significant associations were showed with risk of breast cancer. Instead, the genotype CC (p= 0.000) showed a protective role against susceptibility to breast cancer.
Conclusion: This study identified that there is significant association between Thr241Met polymorphisms of the XRCC3 and the risk of susceptibility to breast cancer, which is in accordance to some of researchers' studies.
Background: Biological and epidemiological data suggest that damage induced by endogenous and exogenous factors affects the integrity and stability of DNA and associated with susceptibility to breast cancer. The XRCC3 protein participates in DNA double-strand breaks and recombination repair. The aim of the present study was to evaluate associations between the risk of breast cancer and Thr241Met polymorphism in the XRCC3 gene.
Materials and Methods: In this study, the effects of Thr241Met polymorphism of the XRCC3 gene and the risk of breast cancer in a population-based case-control study inclusive 80 patients and 80 healthy individuals of women in Markazi province were evaluated. Genomic DNA was extracted from blood samples using the kit procedure. The genotypes of samples were determined by PCR-RFLP technique. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS software (estimation of χ2 and p-value) and the final results were determined.
Results: Statistically significant difference was observed between the two groups of patients and controls for three genotypes of the site rs861539 (p= 0.000). Genotype CT (p= 0.000, OR=2.352, CI= 95%; 2.431 - 39.948) and TT (p = 0.003, OR= 2.352, CI=95%; 0.611 - 9.049) significant associations were showed with risk of breast cancer. Instead, the genotype CC (p= 0.000) showed a protective role against susceptibility to breast cancer.
Conclusion: This study identified that there is significant association between Thr241Met polymorphisms of the XRCC3 and the risk of susceptibility to breast cancer, which is in accordance to some of researchers' studies.
Parvin Javdan, Somayeh Reiisi, Parisa Mohammadi Nejad,
Volume 21, Issue 1 (4-2018)
Volume 21, Issue 1 (4-2018)
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Ovarian cancer is one of the common malignancies within gynecological cancers. Its lethality may be due to problems in distinguishing it at an early stage and lack of effective managements for patients with a progressive or recurrent status. Therefore, there is an essential need for prognostic biomarkers to diagnose or identifying mechanism of disease for effective treatment. It has been found out that, TRAF4 gene was significantly transformed in different cancers. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the TRAF4 gene expression in ovarian cancer.
Materials and Methods: In this study, 40 formalin fixed paraffin embedded tumoral tissues of ovarian cancer and 40 non-tumoral tissues were enrolled. Afterwards total RNA extraction and cDNA was synthesized, the relative gene expression was determined using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and evaluated by 2-∆∆ct method. Finally, the expression pattern was analyzed by statistical analysis.
Results: The results of recent study showed that TRAF4 expression was significantly increased in tumoral samples (p=0.0001). According to the study of demographic and clinopathology information with gene expression, there was seen a significant relationship between metastasis and up-regulation of gene. Also, there was a higher expression in TRAF4 gene in patient’s ≤ 48 years old.
Conclusion: According to different studies, it seems that TRAF4 over expression is likely due to amplification of gene copies in chromosomal zone in cancers. Considering the results of present study and the over expression of TRAF4 in ovarian cancer specimen, especially over expression in patients≤48 years old, TRAF4 gene can be considered as a diagnostic biomarker.
Background: Ovarian cancer is one of the common malignancies within gynecological cancers. Its lethality may be due to problems in distinguishing it at an early stage and lack of effective managements for patients with a progressive or recurrent status. Therefore, there is an essential need for prognostic biomarkers to diagnose or identifying mechanism of disease for effective treatment. It has been found out that, TRAF4 gene was significantly transformed in different cancers. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the TRAF4 gene expression in ovarian cancer.
Materials and Methods: In this study, 40 formalin fixed paraffin embedded tumoral tissues of ovarian cancer and 40 non-tumoral tissues were enrolled. Afterwards total RNA extraction and cDNA was synthesized, the relative gene expression was determined using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and evaluated by 2-∆∆ct method. Finally, the expression pattern was analyzed by statistical analysis.
Results: The results of recent study showed that TRAF4 expression was significantly increased in tumoral samples (p=0.0001). According to the study of demographic and clinopathology information with gene expression, there was seen a significant relationship between metastasis and up-regulation of gene. Also, there was a higher expression in TRAF4 gene in patient’s ≤ 48 years old.
Conclusion: According to different studies, it seems that TRAF4 over expression is likely due to amplification of gene copies in chromosomal zone in cancers. Considering the results of present study and the over expression of TRAF4 in ovarian cancer specimen, especially over expression in patients≤48 years old, TRAF4 gene can be considered as a diagnostic biomarker.
Ali Arash Anoushirvani, Azam Ahmadi, Reza Aghabozorgi, Sara Khalili, Maryam Sahraei, Taha Fereydouni, Zoha Khademi,
Volume 21, Issue 2 (5-2018)
Volume 21, Issue 2 (5-2018)
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women. It has been proven the association of cause of this disease with changes in several genes. One of the pathways associated with breast cancer is the folate reuptake pathway. The key enzyme of this pathway is coded by the TYMS gene. MicroRNAs control the expression of genes by binding to their regulatory regions. In this study, we evaluated changes in the regulatory region of TYMS gene with demographic characteristics (including the grade of cancer and metastasis) in breast cancer patients.
Materials and Methods: In this study, the regulatory region of TYMS gene was investigated using related bioinformatics software. After collecting cancerous samples and DNA extraction from blood samples of normal and patients, change in the miRNA binding region by digestion with NlaIII enzyme was assayed.
Results: Bioinformatics studies showed that the restriction site of some of the endonuclease enzymes in the 3'-UTR of the TYMS gene is related to the binding region of miRNAs, including Hsa-miR-433-3p. The results indicated the correctness of the genomic purification process, the PCR and enzymatic digestion reaction. In this study, in the regulatory region, CC homozygote, AC heterozygote and AA mutant homozygote variant had differences with control group (OR: 1.3465, %95 CI: 0.7275 to 2.4923, p<0.05). Also, the association of AA genotypes with metastasis and high grade of the patients was confirmed statistically.
Conclusion: Studies have shown that some of polymorphisms in the key genes involved in cancer are directly related to their diagnosis and treatment process, and given the importance of timely diagnosis of cancer, the achievement of diagnostic biomarkers in breast cancer in the early stages will be important. Probably, the nucleotide change at the site of the microRNA binding site could be used as a diagnostic biomarker for degree of tumor progression.
Background: Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women. It has been proven the association of cause of this disease with changes in several genes. One of the pathways associated with breast cancer is the folate reuptake pathway. The key enzyme of this pathway is coded by the TYMS gene. MicroRNAs control the expression of genes by binding to their regulatory regions. In this study, we evaluated changes in the regulatory region of TYMS gene with demographic characteristics (including the grade of cancer and metastasis) in breast cancer patients.
Materials and Methods: In this study, the regulatory region of TYMS gene was investigated using related bioinformatics software. After collecting cancerous samples and DNA extraction from blood samples of normal and patients, change in the miRNA binding region by digestion with NlaIII enzyme was assayed.
Results: Bioinformatics studies showed that the restriction site of some of the endonuclease enzymes in the 3'-UTR of the TYMS gene is related to the binding region of miRNAs, including Hsa-miR-433-3p. The results indicated the correctness of the genomic purification process, the PCR and enzymatic digestion reaction. In this study, in the regulatory region, CC homozygote, AC heterozygote and AA mutant homozygote variant had differences with control group (OR: 1.3465, %95 CI: 0.7275 to 2.4923, p<0.05). Also, the association of AA genotypes with metastasis and high grade of the patients was confirmed statistically.
Conclusion: Studies have shown that some of polymorphisms in the key genes involved in cancer are directly related to their diagnosis and treatment process, and given the importance of timely diagnosis of cancer, the achievement of diagnostic biomarkers in breast cancer in the early stages will be important. Probably, the nucleotide change at the site of the microRNA binding site could be used as a diagnostic biomarker for degree of tumor progression.
Sahar Abdalan, Fahimeh Baghbani-Arani, Seyed Ataollah Sadat Shandiz,
Volume 21, Issue 4 (8-2018)
Volume 21, Issue 4 (8-2018)
Abstract
| Background and Aim: In traditional medicine and previous studies, Quercus infectoria plants have been suggested as a cancer treatment. The aim of the current study was to investigate the cytotoxic effect of aqueous and hydro alcoholic extracts of Quercus infectoria leaf against colon cancer HT29 cell line and to evaluate the Bax and Bcl-2 gene expression in treated cells. Materials and Methods: In this study, aqueoFus and hydro alcoholic extracts of Quercus infectoria leaf were prepared. Then, the HT29 and HEK293 cell lines were treated by various concentrations of extracts for 24 hours and the cytotoxicity effect of extracts was estimated by colorimetric MTT (methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium) assay. Finally, the pro-apoptotic Bax and anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 gene expression in treated cells compared to GAPDH reference gene expression was evaluated using real time PCR technique. Findings: According to the MTT results, the cytotoxic activity of aqueous extract has dose-dependent manner against both cell lines, therefore, the Bax and Bcl-2 gene expression levels in treated cells by aqueous extract were changed 2.8 (p˂0.05) and 2.2-fold (p˃0.05) compared to reference gene, respectively. Conclusion: According to the results, it seems that the aqueous extract of Quercus infectoria leaf has the potential for apoptosis induction in colon cancer HT29 cell line and based on more studies, it can be used as a colon cancer treatment. |
Zhila Mohseni, Iraj Javadi, Saeed Shanaghi,
Volume 21, Issue 4 (8-2018)
Volume 21, Issue 4 (8-2018)
Abstract
Background and Aim: The history of using bleomycin in a hospital indicates a series of vast reactions in biological systems caused by direct and indirect effects. The biological responses of the biological system make this process more complicated. Increasing the prevalence and the incidence of cancerous diseases that are treated with bleomycin is of paramount importance. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of niacin on reducing the complications of bleomycin consumption in human model.
Materials and Methods: This experimental study was done as case-control and double-blind clinical trial. Of the cancer patients referred to Khansari hospital in Arak that underwent the bleomycin monotherapy, 20 subjects were randomly selected and divided into two groups. Each person in the first group (control) received 2 placebos per day (every 12 hours) and the second group (treatment) were given two pills of niacin (each pill: 100 mg) daily, and the results were recorded and analyzed.
Findings: A comparison between treatment and control groups showed a reduction in nausea and vomiting in the treatment group compared to the control group. The sense of taste disorder complication was reduced in the treatment group compared with the control group and this difference was statistically significant (p <0.05).
Conclusion: The results suggest that niacin can decrease the side effects of cancer treatment from different directions, including side effects, nausea, vomiting, loss of sense of taste, but its impact on respiratory problems probably because of the damage caused by bleomycin was not significant.
Materials and Methods: This experimental study was done as case-control and double-blind clinical trial. Of the cancer patients referred to Khansari hospital in Arak that underwent the bleomycin monotherapy, 20 subjects were randomly selected and divided into two groups. Each person in the first group (control) received 2 placebos per day (every 12 hours) and the second group (treatment) were given two pills of niacin (each pill: 100 mg) daily, and the results were recorded and analyzed.
Findings: A comparison between treatment and control groups showed a reduction in nausea and vomiting in the treatment group compared to the control group. The sense of taste disorder complication was reduced in the treatment group compared with the control group and this difference was statistically significant (p <0.05).
Conclusion: The results suggest that niacin can decrease the side effects of cancer treatment from different directions, including side effects, nausea, vomiting, loss of sense of taste, but its impact on respiratory problems probably because of the damage caused by bleomycin was not significant.
Fatemeh Seif, Mohamad Reza Bayatiani,
Volume 21, Issue 4 (8-2018)
Volume 21, Issue 4 (8-2018)
Abstract
| Abnormal and uncontrolled growth of the cells can lead to cancer. In advanced countries, cancer is the second leading cause of death, and in our country, it is the third cause of death (after cardiovascular diseases and driving accidents). According to a report published by the Institute of Health and Evaluation (2015), for evaluating 32 cancers in 195 countries between 2005 and 2015, the prevalence of cancer has increased by 33% (1). Radiotherapy is one of the most common cancer treatments that can be used alone or in combination with other therapies such as surgery, chemotherapy or hormone therapy. Approximately 52% of patients with cancer have to be treated by Radiotherapy with a 50% contribution to treatment (2). Radiation therapy uses gamma rays or x-rays or accelerated particles to destroy tumor cells (3). In the past, radiotherapy was done in a two-dimensional fashion, using rectangular fields based on conventional imaging that has now been replaced with 3D conformal radiotherapy. In Three‐dimensional treatment, based on CT or other imaging methods, the treatment volumes such as: GTV (Gross Tumor Volume), target with microscopic spread of tumor that is CTV (Clinical Tumor Volume), ITV (Internal Target Volume), PTV (Planning Target Volume) and also related organs at risk are defined with high accuracy for treatment planning (4). In recent years, with the advancement of computer sciences in treatment planning systems, as well as accelerator equipment for delivering the dose to the patient, treatment can be applied as Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy (IMRT). In IMRT, each radiation field consists of a beamlets and produces different intensities. This treatment is especially useful for curved areas and when the organs at risk are in the vicinity of the tumor. IMRT can be delivered using linear accelerators with static or Dynamic MLCs, Intensity Modulated Arc Therapy (IMAT), Volumetric Arc Modulated Therapy (VMAT) or tomotherapy (5). In determination of treatment volumes, the selection of appropriate margin is very important, because small margin may cause loos of the tumor and great margin can damage healthy tissues. The use of IGRT (Image Guide Radiotherapy) reduces these errors and increases the accuracy of treatment. Todays, in developed countries, SRT (Stereotactic Radiation Therapy) is used to destroy the non-surgical tumors, such as some of the brain tumors. In SRS, the prescribed dose is delivered to the tumor up to five sessions. In this method using imobilization devices is important, which usually involve the use of the relevant frames (6). In this regard, Cyber knife is actually a stereotactic system in which the x-ray source is mounted on a robot and can rotates in different angles. This treatment is based on three-dimentional imaging, so the tumor can be identified precisely with the guide of imaging. Cybernayev can be used to treat small tumors with high precision (7). In addition to treatment with X-rays, ions such as proton can be used to kill cancer cells. One of the important features of treatment with proton is the deliver of the absorbed dose of the particles into the tissue. The absorbed dose curve of this beam in the tissue has a peak at a specified depth, depends on the energy used, called the Bragg peak which can give the highest dose of radiation in the tumor site (8). There have been many advances in radiotherapy in Iran in recent years, but there is still lack of some advanced treatment equipment. On the other hand, with the regard of the significant cancer rate in the country, it is necessary to have proper information about the incidence of cancer at first. It should be noted that the use of registration systems based on just laboratory information (pathology) leads to a low number of cancer statistic, which this way is recorded in Iran. However, the cancer registry system in developed countries is based on clinical information and mortality in addition to collecting laboratory information. Another factor causing errors in the cancer record statistics is the population coverage of cancer registries; for example, population coverage in the United States is 99%, Australia and New Zealand is 86%, and the European ::union:: is 57%, while coverage in South and central America is only 21% and in the African and Asian countries is 11 % and 8 %., respectively (1). Therefore, at first, it seems necessary to register the cancer properly in our country and then, based on the needs assessment for the different regions, establish and equipe radiotherapy centers. |
Fatholah Mohaghegh , Mehran Mohseni, Nasrin Robatmili, Mohamad Reza Bayatiani , Fatemeh Seif, Nayyer Sadat Mostafavi,
Volume 21, Issue 6 (12-2018)
Volume 21, Issue 6 (12-2018)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Radiation therapy is the destruction of cancer cells that in all patients with breast cancer reduces tumor recurrence, relieves pain in local tumors and metastases. There are different treatment methods around the world such as electron, photon alone or a combination of both types of fields.
Materials and Methods: In this study, photon therapy (PT) and mixed photon-electron therapy (MPET) were used to treat malignancies of the supraclavicular lymph nodes. 30 patients with right-sided breast cancer with local lymph node metastasis were recruited. The ISOgray software was utilized to collect data about treatment planning methods with PT and MPET.
Findings: The maximum and mean delivered doses of radiation to the supraclavicular region were 52.08±1.64, 42.59±0.51 Gy and 54.24±1.64, 43.67±0.43 Gy in the PT and MPET methods, respectively. The mean irradiated volumes of supraclavicular fossa that received 90% of the radiation dose were 59.74±1.94% and 70.26±0.94% in the PT and MPET methods, respectively (p=0.004). The maximum doses delivered to the spine were 14.66±1.9 Gy and 10.22±0.92 Gy and the thyroid were 42.62±3.1 Gy and 37.67±5.02 Gy in the PT and MPET methods, respectively.
Conclusion: The maximum doses delivered to the spine and thyroid significantly diminished by the novel method. Additionally, supraclavicular region received higher maximum and mean doses in the new treatment modality compared to the conventional methods. The new method improved dose coverage for the tumor.
Materials and Methods: In this study, photon therapy (PT) and mixed photon-electron therapy (MPET) were used to treat malignancies of the supraclavicular lymph nodes. 30 patients with right-sided breast cancer with local lymph node metastasis were recruited. The ISOgray software was utilized to collect data about treatment planning methods with PT and MPET.
Findings: The maximum and mean delivered doses of radiation to the supraclavicular region were 52.08±1.64, 42.59±0.51 Gy and 54.24±1.64, 43.67±0.43 Gy in the PT and MPET methods, respectively. The mean irradiated volumes of supraclavicular fossa that received 90% of the radiation dose were 59.74±1.94% and 70.26±0.94% in the PT and MPET methods, respectively (p=0.004). The maximum doses delivered to the spine were 14.66±1.9 Gy and 10.22±0.92 Gy and the thyroid were 42.62±3.1 Gy and 37.67±5.02 Gy in the PT and MPET methods, respectively.
Conclusion: The maximum doses delivered to the spine and thyroid significantly diminished by the novel method. Additionally, supraclavicular region received higher maximum and mean doses in the new treatment modality compared to the conventional methods. The new method improved dose coverage for the tumor.
Azam Ahmadi, Ali Arash Anoushirvani,
Volume 21, Issue 6 (12-2018)
Volume 21, Issue 6 (12-2018)
Abstract
| Cancer is a multifactorial Disorder caused by variations in multiple genes coupled with environmental risk factors. The genes involved in the carcinogenesis can be classified into several groups, including proto-oncogenes, tumor suppressor genes, genes involved in genome stability and cell migration. The accumulations of genetic changes lead to tumor mass and formation of new blood vessels to grow. The tumor is not a collection of single cells and has bilateral interactions with its environments. The tumor microenvironment (TME) has a similar function to stem cells niches that affect tumor progression and metastasis. The study of this environment is effective in diagnosis and treatment of cancer and provides valuable and new information for controlling tumor malignancy and risk assessment (1). This paper focuses on TME components and the molecular targets for cancer treatment. Investigating of TME by cellular and molecular profiles indicated that there are different types of cells in this environment that promote neoplastic changes and metastasis and protect the tumor from the immune system and lead to resistance to treatment (2). Among the different types of cells present in the TME, including parenchymal tumor, fibroblasts, epithelial and inflammatory cells, extracellular matrix and signaling molecules, blood and lymph vessels, the highest number of cells are fibroblasts. In the early stages of carcinogenesis, normal fibroblasts prevent tumor growth. The genetic changes of these cells, with the help of inflammatory agents, release the growth factors that directly inhibit tumor-stimulating cells or indirectly inhibit apoptosis by stimulating growth and inducing angiogenesis. Therefore, a complex system of interactions is created by the involvement of a variety of cellular factors and molecular signals (3,4). Within the TME infrastructure, there are interactions of tumor cells with extracellular matrix (ECM), tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and endothelial cells (EC). These communications have been established with the help of chemokines, growth factors, matrix metalloprotezes (MMPs) and ECM proteins, that lead to migration, invasion to distant organs and metastasis (5). TME restores tissue and induces metabolic changes in the tumor by making changes in the stromal and immune cells. This remodeling in a TME is similar to around of scar surrounded by different cells (6). Based on tissue type’s cancers, more than 40% of the CAFs can be derived from bone marrow progenitors that are recruited to the growing TME. Although CAFs may also be derived of epithelial cancer cells or stained fibroblasts that differentiate into myofibroblasts. In epithelial tumors, fibroblasts, mainly through the secretion of growth factors and chemokines, led to an altered ECM, and increase signals of proliferation and metastasis, and ultimately lead to tumor progression (7). The ECM also accumulated a scaffold of inflammatory and immune cells, lymph and nerve arteries. In general, in the metastatic phenomenon, the invasive tumors should be able to move, to break up the extracellular matrix of the tissue, to form new blood vessels, to survive in the blood and to stabilize in a new tissue environment. In studies that have been conducted to understand how these capabilities are achieved in cancer cells, TME has been identified as critical to the development of this phenomenon. TME stabilizes invasion of tumor to distant organs via signals to stromal or non-malignant cells and activation of transcription of genes (8,9). Also, angiogenesis precursor cells that are recruited to TME under hypoxic conditions are associated with metastasis. Some studies have shown that miRNA molecules are the main regulator of this activity, leading to changes in fibroblasts in the TME. MiR-21, miR-31, miR-214 and miR-155 play an important role in differentiation of normal fibroblasts to CAF (10). Although miRNAs in TME have not yet been fully identified, some studies indicated that miRNAs produced by TME cells and specially CAFs affect on tumor growth (11). Musumeci and colleagues showed the role of miRNAs in TME in prostate cancer. Their study found that expression of miR-15a and miR-16 down-regulated in fibroblasts of TME in prostate cancer. MiRNAs target oncogenes such as Bcl-2 and WNT pathway components (12). Several strategies have been proposed to remodel TME components in cancer treatment (2). Blocking the recruitment and activation of stromal cells in TME is one of these molecular approaches. Based on this strategy, Avastin has been designed to treat clone and glioblastoma cancer. Some drugs also block the interaction between the TME cells with the tumor and angiogenesis, ECM and inflammatory compounds in TME. Siltuximab is a human anti-IL-6 antibody that inhibits the pathway of IL-6 / STAT3 in cancer cells and its therapeutic effects have been reported in xenografet models. The effect of this drug in the Phase II clinical trials in platinuim-resistant ovarian cancer is under survey. More accurate identification of gene networks and cell pathways will help us improve our understanding of the pathogenesis of cancer and the advancement of therapeutic approaches. Therefore, in addition to controlling the signaling pathway inside the tumor, it is also necessary to identify the TME. Although, despite the recognition of the importance of TME in carcinogenesis, due to the multiplicity of involved cells, the origin of molecular mutations in its components is still not fully detected and requires extensive research in this area. |
Zohre Sadat Tabatabayi, Masoud Homayouni Tabrizi, Ali Neamati,
Volume 21, Issue 7 (2-2019)
Volume 21, Issue 7 (2-2019)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Increasing metabolism and production of free radicals in the body are among the factors causing increased oxidative stress, weakened the antioxidant system, and some diseases, including cancer. The purpose of this study was to investigate the antioxidant activity and toxic effect of the Schiff base manganese II compound N, Nʹ di pirodexil 1, 4 butadiamin.
Materials and Methods: The antioxidant capacity of the Schiff base manganese II complex N, Nʹ di pirodexil 1, 4 butadiamin at the concentrations of 62.5, 125, 250, and 500 µg/ml was Investigated using the 1.1-diphenyl-2-picricyl-hydrazyl (DPPH) technique. We also evaluated the toxic effect of the mentioned Schiff bases complex at concentrations of 0, 62.5, 125, 250 and 500 µg/ml by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) at 24, 48 and 72 hours on a breast cancer cell line (MCF7 [Michigan Cancer Foundation-7]).
Ethical Considerations: In this study, research ethical principles were considered.
Findings: The antioxidant capacity of Schiff bases manganese II complex N, N di pirodexil 1, 4 butadiamin at the concentration of 500 µg/ml was 38.83%. Further, considering the toxic effect of the Schiff bases on the MCF7 cell line, the results showed that IC50 at 24, 48 and 72 hours was about 124, 245 and 470 µg/ml, respectively.
Conclusion: The results obtained from the review of the antioxidant capacity of the Schiff base manganese II complex N, Nʹ di pirodexil 1, 4 butadiamin compared to (BHA) butylated hydroxyanisole suggest that the compound can be effective in free radical inhibition.
Materials and Methods: The antioxidant capacity of the Schiff base manganese II complex N, Nʹ di pirodexil 1, 4 butadiamin at the concentrations of 62.5, 125, 250, and 500 µg/ml was Investigated using the 1.1-diphenyl-2-picricyl-hydrazyl (DPPH) technique. We also evaluated the toxic effect of the mentioned Schiff bases complex at concentrations of 0, 62.5, 125, 250 and 500 µg/ml by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) at 24, 48 and 72 hours on a breast cancer cell line (MCF7 [Michigan Cancer Foundation-7]).
Ethical Considerations: In this study, research ethical principles were considered.
Findings: The antioxidant capacity of Schiff bases manganese II complex N, N di pirodexil 1, 4 butadiamin at the concentration of 500 µg/ml was 38.83%. Further, considering the toxic effect of the Schiff bases on the MCF7 cell line, the results showed that IC50 at 24, 48 and 72 hours was about 124, 245 and 470 µg/ml, respectively.
Conclusion: The results obtained from the review of the antioxidant capacity of the Schiff base manganese II complex N, Nʹ di pirodexil 1, 4 butadiamin compared to (BHA) butylated hydroxyanisole suggest that the compound can be effective in free radical inhibition.
Rasoul Najafi, Fatemeh Amiri, Ghodratoalleh Roshanaei, Mohammad Abbasi,
Volume 22, Issue 2 (6-2019)
Volume 22, Issue 2 (6-2019)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Colon cancer is one of the most common cancers in the gastrointestinal tract. Colon cancer is the third death cause among cancers. The aim of this study was to estimate the survival rate and determine the effective factors in colon cancer patients.
Materials and Methods: In this study, 193 colon cancer patients referring to Hamadan Imam Khomeini Clinic during the years 2003-2017 in a retrospective cohort study were used. Follow up of all patients was done by referral and phone call up to 2017. The Kaplan -Meyer model was used to estimate the survival of patients. Also, the effect of prognostic factors on the survival of patients was obtained by Cox regression model. The software used to analyze the data was STATA 11 and the significance level was 0.05.
Ethical Considerations: This study with research ethics code IR.UMSHA.REC.1396.144 was approved in Research Ethics Committee of Hamadan University of medical sciences, Iran.
Findings: The mean age of the patients at diagnosis was 57.09 ± 12.9 years. The probability of survival of one-, three- and five-year was 0.82, 0.61 and 0.48 percent, respectively. Also, the cancer stage has a significant effect on survival time of the patients.
Conclusion: Based on the Cox model, only the stage of cancer was effective on the survival time of patients with colon cancer. Therefore, timely diagnosis also helps prevent disease progression, as well as increase the survival time of the patient, especially at an advanced age.
Materials and Methods: In this study, 193 colon cancer patients referring to Hamadan Imam Khomeini Clinic during the years 2003-2017 in a retrospective cohort study were used. Follow up of all patients was done by referral and phone call up to 2017. The Kaplan -Meyer model was used to estimate the survival of patients. Also, the effect of prognostic factors on the survival of patients was obtained by Cox regression model. The software used to analyze the data was STATA 11 and the significance level was 0.05.
Ethical Considerations: This study with research ethics code IR.UMSHA.REC.1396.144 was approved in Research Ethics Committee of Hamadan University of medical sciences, Iran.
Findings: The mean age of the patients at diagnosis was 57.09 ± 12.9 years. The probability of survival of one-, three- and five-year was 0.82, 0.61 and 0.48 percent, respectively. Also, the cancer stage has a significant effect on survival time of the patients.
Conclusion: Based on the Cox model, only the stage of cancer was effective on the survival time of patients with colon cancer. Therefore, timely diagnosis also helps prevent disease progression, as well as increase the survival time of the patient, especially at an advanced age.
Mahsa Kavousi, Ehsan Rahimi, Jalil Fallah Mehrabadi,
Volume 22, Issue 2 (6-2019)
Volume 22, Issue 2 (6-2019)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Lung cancer is one of the most contagious cancers in all of the world. Recently, several potential oncogenes and carcinogens have been identified, including EGFR, BRAF, KRAS and ALK genes. With due attention to the high prevalence of lung cancer, its death rate, the complications of chemotherapy and the efforts to find effective and less effective drugs, this study was done to investigate the effect of a plant extract so that results are available to manufacturing centers.
Materials and Methods: In this study, the effect of Eucalyptus extract and cisplatin on the expression of KRAS gene in A549 lung cancer cell line was investigated. To determine the cell survival, MTT was used and IC50 was determined. After determining IC50, the cells were exposed to less than IC50 concentrations of the extract and drug for 48 hours. Then, the amount of β-ACTIN and KRAS genes expressions in control and extract treated and drug treated groups were determined. For this purpose, a specific primers were designed for β- ACTIN and KRAS, and Real-Time PCR was be done.
Ethical Considerations: This study with research ethics code IR.IAU.East Tehran.REC.1396.3 has been approved by research ethics committee at Islamic Azad University, Tehran- East Branch, Iran.
Findings: The results showed that the amount of IC50 of the extract and drug was 8.75 and 1.77 mg/ml, respectively. In addition, the expression of genes in control and treated cells with extract and drug was compared. The expression of the KRAS gene relative to the reference gene in the cancer cell line treated with extract and drug, for 48 hours, was significantly decreased 2.89 and 9.25, respectively (p = 0).
Conclusion: Regarding the reduction of the relative gene expression in the A549 treated group, future studies on targeted lung cancer treatment can be promising and the potential for the use of plant compounds is more evident.
Materials and Methods: In this study, the effect of Eucalyptus extract and cisplatin on the expression of KRAS gene in A549 lung cancer cell line was investigated. To determine the cell survival, MTT was used and IC50 was determined. After determining IC50, the cells were exposed to less than IC50 concentrations of the extract and drug for 48 hours. Then, the amount of β-ACTIN and KRAS genes expressions in control and extract treated and drug treated groups were determined. For this purpose, a specific primers were designed for β- ACTIN and KRAS, and Real-Time PCR was be done.
Ethical Considerations: This study with research ethics code IR.IAU.East Tehran.REC.1396.3 has been approved by research ethics committee at Islamic Azad University, Tehran- East Branch, Iran.
Findings: The results showed that the amount of IC50 of the extract and drug was 8.75 and 1.77 mg/ml, respectively. In addition, the expression of genes in control and treated cells with extract and drug was compared. The expression of the KRAS gene relative to the reference gene in the cancer cell line treated with extract and drug, for 48 hours, was significantly decreased 2.89 and 9.25, respectively (p = 0).
Conclusion: Regarding the reduction of the relative gene expression in the A549 treated group, future studies on targeted lung cancer treatment can be promising and the potential for the use of plant compounds is more evident.
Aziz Eghbali, Hasan Taher Ahmadi, Shahla Zabihzadeh, Morteza Mousavi Hasanzadeh,
Volume 22, Issue 3 (8-2019)
Volume 22, Issue 3 (8-2019)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Cancer is the second cause of death in children under fourteen years old. The aim of this study was to determine the epidemiology and predisposing factors of childhood cancers.
Materials and Methods: This observational-descriptive study was performed on 82 children in the oncology department of Amir-kabir Hospital in Arak who were referred between 2011 and 2016. Data on age, sex, type of malignancy and predisposing factors were carried out by person interviews or patient records and were registered in checklist and analyzed.
Ethical Considerations: This study with research ethics code IR.ARAKMU.REC.2.46.87 has been approved by research ethics committee at Arak University of Medical Sciences.
Findings: The results showed that 56.1 percentage of patients were aged 0-5 years, 74.1 percentage were urban, 90.2 percentage were alive, 99 percentage were singleton, 92.7 percentage full term, 46.3 percentage of them were the first children and 87.9% of them had birth weight over 2500 g. There was no significant relationship between the delivery method and delivery problems, the sex of the patients, the environmental factors (such as consuming canned food, sausages, insecticide use, drug use during pregnancy and the rate of infectious diseases), However, there was a direct relationship between the increased age of parents and the high socioeconomic level with the risk of cancer.
Conclusion: The risk of childhood cancers in Markazi province is more related to genetic factors and the environmental factors causing cancers in children are less involved in this study.
Materials and Methods: This observational-descriptive study was performed on 82 children in the oncology department of Amir-kabir Hospital in Arak who were referred between 2011 and 2016. Data on age, sex, type of malignancy and predisposing factors were carried out by person interviews or patient records and were registered in checklist and analyzed.
Ethical Considerations: This study with research ethics code IR.ARAKMU.REC.2.46.87 has been approved by research ethics committee at Arak University of Medical Sciences.
Findings: The results showed that 56.1 percentage of patients were aged 0-5 years, 74.1 percentage were urban, 90.2 percentage were alive, 99 percentage were singleton, 92.7 percentage full term, 46.3 percentage of them were the first children and 87.9% of them had birth weight over 2500 g. There was no significant relationship between the delivery method and delivery problems, the sex of the patients, the environmental factors (such as consuming canned food, sausages, insecticide use, drug use during pregnancy and the rate of infectious diseases), However, there was a direct relationship between the increased age of parents and the high socioeconomic level with the risk of cancer.
Conclusion: The risk of childhood cancers in Markazi province is more related to genetic factors and the environmental factors causing cancers in children are less involved in this study.
Reyhaneh Khoshchehreh, Mehdi Totonchi, Hossein Baharvand, Marzieh Ebrahimi,
Volume 22, Issue 3 (8-2019)
Volume 22, Issue 3 (8-2019)
Abstract
Background and Aim: There is increasing evidence that cancer cells in addition to multiple genetic mutations, also acquire epigenetic abnormalities during development, maintenance, and progression. By utilizing the reprogramming technology as a tool to introduce the ‘pressure’ to alter epigenetic regulations, we might be able to clarify the epigenetic behavior that is unique to cancer cells. So far, iPSCs have been generated from normal primary cells, but it is unclear whether human primary cancer cell can be reprogrammed. We investigated the production of the iPS cells from the pancreatic adenocarcinoma cells using defined transcription factors.
Materials and Methods: We sought to reprogram patient derived xenograft from human PDAC, by introducing lentiviral mediated induction of Yamanaka Factors (OSKM) and characterized of induced cells by Alkaline Phosphatase staining, Real-Time PCR and immunostaining.
Ethical Considerations: This study with research ethics code EC/93/1025 has been approved by research ethics committee at Royan Institute.
Findings: Alkaline Phosphatase staining, Real-Time PCR and immunostaining showed that induction with the OSKM results in generating iPS cell line from fibroblast cells but not from PDAC PDX cells .We showed that, PDAC cells could not fully reprogrammed by the expression of 4 transcription factors.
Conclusion: This study demonstrated that the PDAC-PDX cancer cells were distinct from PDAC induced cells with regard to their epigenetic modifier genes expression pattern, although the expression of pluripotency genes did not increased significantly in the induced PDAC cells.
Materials and Methods: We sought to reprogram patient derived xenograft from human PDAC, by introducing lentiviral mediated induction of Yamanaka Factors (OSKM) and characterized of induced cells by Alkaline Phosphatase staining, Real-Time PCR and immunostaining.
Ethical Considerations: This study with research ethics code EC/93/1025 has been approved by research ethics committee at Royan Institute.
Findings: Alkaline Phosphatase staining, Real-Time PCR and immunostaining showed that induction with the OSKM results in generating iPS cell line from fibroblast cells but not from PDAC PDX cells .We showed that, PDAC cells could not fully reprogrammed by the expression of 4 transcription factors.
Conclusion: This study demonstrated that the PDAC-PDX cancer cells were distinct from PDAC induced cells with regard to their epigenetic modifier genes expression pattern, although the expression of pluripotency genes did not increased significantly in the induced PDAC cells.
Ali Ganji, Amir Mohammad Saeedi, Ali Ghazavi, Ghasem Mosayebi,
Volume 22, Issue 4 (9-2019)
Volume 22, Issue 4 (9-2019)
Abstract
Cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Thus, it is important to find newer, more selective, and more effective therapies for this disease. One of these methods that have attracted many researchers is using anticancer peptides regarding their specificity, lower side effects, and higher effectiveness on the cancer cells. One type of anticancer peptides is antimicrobial peptides. Although they have already been studied and introduced as potential agents to fight infectious diseases, only recently they have been used as a new way of cancer treatment. For decades, antimicrobial peptides have been considered a component of the native immune system; however, they can also be used as anticancer peptides due to their mechanisms and properties. This new therapeutic approach can provide a promising pathway for optimal cancer treatment with fewer side effects.
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