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Background: International AIDS questionnaire allows for making cross-cultural comparisons between individual’s levels of awareness and attitudes towards AIDS. This study assessed the reliability and validity of international AIDS questionnaire for Iranian student population. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 448 students studying in non-medical sciences at universities in Qom were selected through convenience sampling. The participants completed the international AIDS questionnaire–Persian version (IAQ-P). Confirmatory and explanatory factor analysis, Pearson correlation, and Cronbach's Alpha were used in order to examine construct and concurrent validities, respectively. Independent t-test was run to compare the questionnaire scores between male and female participants. Results: The CFA supported the four-factor model, and the normative data showed patterns similar to previous research. Four dimensions of the questionnaire data were satisfactory (AGFI=0.91, GFI=0.93 and RMSEA=0.04, P<0.001). The total IAQ-P had a high internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha=0.80). Cronbach’s alphas for the sub-scales were 0.78 (myths), 0.78 (attitudes), 0.79 (personal risk), and 0.60 (facts). After one month, test-retest study on a sub-sample of 41 students revealed Pearson correlation coefficient ranges from 0.36 to 0.75 (P<0.001). Conclusion: The IAQ-P was shown to be a valid and reliable instrument and the results of this study are similar to other versions of IAQ in other languages.

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Background: Depression is one of the most commonly observed problems in menopausal women. This study was conducted to determine the effect of omega-3 fatty acids on menopausal depression in women referring to No. 1 Health Clinic of Ahvaz, Iran, in 2010.

Materials and Methods: This randomized double-blind clinical trial was done on 70 menopausal women experiencing various levels of depression. After administering the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D-21), the participants who met the inclusion criteria were randomly divided into intervention group (n=35) receiving a 2gr omega-3 capsules and control group (n=35) receiving 2 gr placebo capsules. After 8 weeks of intervention, data were collected and analyzed by Chi-square, independent t-test, and one-way ANOVA with repeated measures using SPSS software version 17.

Results: Mean depression scores decreased significantly (p<0.001) in the intervention group (13.36±2.23 to 8.72±3.71). Also, mean depression scores decreased (p>0.05) in the control group (13.25±2.04 to 11.78±2.93) however, it was not significant. The comparison of depression scores did not indicate a significant difference regarding the reduction of depression after intervention between the two groups (p=0.08).

Conclusion: According to the findings of this study, administration of omega-3 capsules (2gr/daily) for 8 weeks decreased menopausal depression. However, there was not a significant difference between omga-3 and placebo groups in this study. For a more precise observation of the effects, further studies with longer periods of intervention are needed.

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Background: IFN-&lambda3 (IL-28B) is a new cytokine from the type III interferons. Its role in several biologic activities, such as regulation of immune responses, tumor and metastasis, or its functions in HBV and HCV diseases, has been shown. The present study evaluated the frequency of rs8099917 allele polymorphism in IFN-&lambda3 gene in Iranian population.

Materials and Methods: In this laboratory-experimental study, after collecting blood samples from 118 unrelated Iranian subjects, DNA extraction was performed according to the kit protocols. Evaluation of rs8099917 allele polymorphism was done by Nested-PCR and RFLP method using BsrDI and Tsp451 restriction enzymes.

Results: After running the tests and data analysis, the frequencies of GG genotype (2.5%), GT genotype (31.4%), and TT genotype (66.1%) were obtained. Allele frequencies were 71.22% for G allele and 81.78% for T allele.

Conclusion: The results of this study showed that TT genotype and T allele are the dominant frequencies of rs8099917 allele of IFN-&lambda3 gene in Iranian population. Regarding the different established functions of IFN-&lambda3, frequency determination of this variant can be helpful in different studies, designs, evaluations, and treatment procedures in some diseases, such as tumors and hepatitis, in Iranian patients.

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Background: The hypothesis that non-secretor status of individuals makes them more susceptible to certain bacterial infections and they might be at a greater risk of metabolic syndromes and autoimmune diseases motivated us to evaluate the relationship between secretor status and risk factors for duodenal ulcer in the present study.

Materials and Methods: This case-control study was done on 120 patients with duodenal ulcer, gastric ulcer, and gastric cancer undergoing endoscopy, and a control group including 120 healthy individuals. Secretor status was determined by saliva and the association of some risk factors with the prevalence of disease was determined by a questionnaire. The results were analyzed by SPSS software version 16.

Results: Overall, 27.5% of the patients were non-secretor and 72.5% were secretor, whereas 20.8 % of the controls were non-secretor and 79.2% were secretor. There was not a significant relationship between secretor status and the incidence of gastrointestinal diseases. However, some risk factors, such as gender, smoking, and physical activity, were significantly associated with gastric disease.

Conclusion: The statistical analysis showed that there was not a significant association between secretor status and prevalence of gastric disease. According to the results, gastrointestinal diseases are more common in men than women and in smokers more than nonsmokers. Furthermore, physical activities reduce the incidence of this disease.

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Background: Today, global concerns about water pollution with chemicals and its adverse impact on health have increased. This study aims to evaluate the physical and chemical quality of water treated through domestic water treatment systems.

Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional descriptive study, water samples were collected from 60 domestic water treatment systems and parameters, such as turbidity, total dissolved and suspended solid, total hardness and calcium, magnesium hardness, alkalinity, total alkalinity, carbonate, bicarbonate, nitrate, sulfate, nitrite and fluoride, EC, pH, and free chlorine residuals, were examined.

Results: The results indicate that the average concentration of chemical parameters in treated water were: chloride=0.1mg/L, nitrate=0.006mg/l, sulfate=5 mg/l, Nitrate=15mg/L, bicarbonate=49 mg/L, calcium hardness=18 mg/L, and fluoride=0 mg/l.

Conclusion: The overall results of this study indicated that the use of municipal water treatment reduced Cl2, sulfate, and bicarbonate concentrations than the optimal levels in urban areas water. However, nitrite concentration was significantly higher in the output of these systems than distribution systems, which is a source of concern.

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Background: Factor XIII deficiency is an extremely rare, autosomal recessive coagulation disorder with estimated prevalence of 1/2000000 worldwide. This disorder represents with different clinical manifestations including, umbilical cord bleeding, recurrent abortion and CNS bleeding. CNS bleeding is a common but life threating complication of disease. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a common polymorphism of thrombin activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor (TAFI) occurrence of CNS bleeding in patients with severe factor XIII deficiency.

Materials and Methods: This case control study was performed on 34 patients with factor XIII deficiency and history of CNS bleeding and 36 patients with factor XIII deficiency but without CNS bleeding as control group. Initially all patients were molecularly analyzed for factor XIII deficiency, then both groups were assessed for common TAFI Thr325Ile polymorphism. Finally obtained data was analyzed by SPSS software.

Results: Molecular analysis of TAFI Thr325Ile polymorphism revealed that almost all patients with CNS bleeding (89%) had this mutation that in 67% of patients was homozygote. There is a significant relationship between Thr325Ile polymorphism in homozygote manner with incidence of CNS bleeding in factor XIII deficient (OR 18.9, 95% CI 3.8 to 95.1).

Conclusion: It seems that Thr325Ile polymorphism is a suitable prognostic factor in patients with severe factor XIII deficiency and this probably polymorphism increases risk of CNS bleeding about 20 fold.

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background: Early detection and treatment are crucial to prevent mental retardation in congenital Hypothyroidism (CH). The aim of this study was to evaluating of screening program of CH in Markazi Province.

Materials and Methods: In cross sectional descriptive study we used recorded data in Markazi province health center. From 2006 to 2012,127112 newborns were screened by measurement of serum TSH level by heel prick. Neonates who had blood TSH&ge5MIU/L were recalled for more evaluation. Neonates with confirmed hypothyroidism underwent treatment.

Results: From127112 screened neonates, 414 were diagnosed as CH patients (both permanent and transient). The prevalence of CH was . Recall rate was 4.8%. In 94.4% of patients, treatment were begun before the 40th day of life. The coverage percent in the province was 100% from the second year of the program.

Conclusion: Recall rate and the incidence of CH were higher than those in other studies, both in Iran and other countries. The mean age of treatment initiation and coverage percent were in favorable range.

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Background: Giardiasis is the most common infectious diseases of medical parasitology and public health in our country and in many countries is important. Accourding the importance of treating the disease, particularly parasite resistance to drugs. Thus, the aim of present study was investigated the effect of gold nanoparticles on Giardia lamblia cyst stage of the in vitro.

Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, Giardia cysts from contaminated fresh feces were collected and concentrated with use 0.85 M sucrose methods for isolation of cysts. Samples after counting with Noubar slide were stored at 4°C. The gold nanoparticles at concentrations of 0.05, 0.1, 0.3 mg/ml prepared and verified, the particle size was determined. The effect of different concentrations of the nanoparticles at 5, 15, 30, 60 and 180 minutes was evaluated and compared to control groups (metronidazole). Data from the study were recorded and analyzed with T-test and Chi-square by used SPSS software.

Results: The results of the cytotoxic effect of nanoparticles on the different concentration and time of Giardia lamblia cysts in vitro compared with the positive control (Metronidazole) shows mean percent of effect gold nanoparticles increased with increasing concentration and exposure time, so that the concentration of 0.3 mg/ml from 62% at 5 min to 96% at 180 min increased (p<0.05). Also, the survey results show Giardia cysts with increasing exposure time , killing effect of gold nanoparticles at a concentration of 78% in 0.05 mg/ml to 96% at a concentration of 0.3 mg/ml greatest increased (p<0.05). As a result, the concentration of gold nanoparticles in comparison with Metronidazole has the most effect gold nanoparticles at a concentration of 0.3 mg/mL, almost the same effect of Metronidazole as the drug of choice in the treatment of Giardia lamblia.

Conclusion: Therefore, the results of this study, gold nanoparticles at a concentration of 0.3 mg/ml as an effective combination for killing Giardia lamblia cysts in vitro can be used. Thus, future studies on laboratory animals (In vivo) are recommended.

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Background: Cardiac accidents due to Coronary Artery Disease are the most common cause of mortality in the world. On the other hand, vitamin D deficiency is known as an emerging risk factor of this disease. Considering the high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in Iran we investigated the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in angioplasty patients, effect of gender and its relationship with Coronary Artery Disease severity.

Materials and Methods: In this cross sectional study serum level of 25(OH) D3 in was measured in 149 patients undergoing PCI between May and September 2013 in Baqiatallah hospital. Patients with renal failure (Cr>2mg/dl), liver disease, and those treated with glucocorticoids or anti-epileptic drugs were excluded. Data were analyzed with SPSS 21 software. Chi-square and T-Test were used and P value<0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results: The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in patients was 77.2% (men 86% and women 62.5%) (p=0.0005). Vitamin D deficiency severity was related to the number of involved vessels in men (p=0.046). Vitamin D deficiency was related with stent length in patients with right coronary angioplasty (p=0.041).

Conclusion: The effect of vitamin D deficiency on coronary artery disease seems to be different in men and women. Complementary studies are needed to elucidate this issue further.

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Background: The prevalence and incidence of cancer in different parts of the world have different patterns. To recognize the frequency of malignancies in different social groups according to climatic conditions is considered as the primary component of prevention programs at different levels. This study was conducted to investigate the epidemiology, survival rates and geographical epidemiology of breast cancer in Markazi province.

Materials and Methods: In this epidemiological study, needed data were obtained from cancer registration program and death registration data. The data were analyzed by using SPSS software version 16 and Winpepi and significant level was 0.05. And to draw a map to show the breast cancer incidence rate in Markazi district, Arc view software was used.

Results: Out of the 400 cases recorded during the 5-year, 8.5% died due to breast cancer. 5-year survival rate was 87% and there was a significant correlation between survival rate and age. Most records were related to the age group 49-40 years and the highest incidence rate was in Arak. The trends of incidence rate was not significant.

Conclusion: The results showed that 5-year breast cancer survival rate is more than some other places which could be due to new and improved methods of treatment and methods of screening and early detection of disease. Other aspects of the epidemiology of the disease is similar to other parts of Iran.

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Background: Toxoplasma gondii is an important pathogenic protozoan. This parasite can cause severe infection and may lead to abortion. Abnormal levels of cholesterol and other lipids in blood samples of infected persons have raised some questions on the role of these factors in the pathogenesis of Toxoplasma.This study aimed to measure and compare lipid and testosterone levels and the relationship between them among a selected group of men with and without Toxoplasma gondii IgG antibody.  

Materials and Methods: This case – control study was conducted on a group of 20 to 29 years old men referred to the pre-marital clinics in Arak city in 2012. After completing a questionnaire, a blood sample (5 ml) was taken from each subject. Then, required diagnostic tests for toxoplasmosis was conducted. According to diagnostic results, 100 men with Toxoplasma antibodies were defined as cases and another group with equal number but without antibodies was defined as controls. Then, levels of testosterone and lipids in serum of these two groups were measured and compared.

Results:  Findings showed that testosterone levels were in normal range in both cases and controls, but the hormone level was significantly lower among cases. There was no significant difference in terms of serum lipid levels.

Conclusion:  Examination of relationship between blood testosterone and lipids levels among cases and controls showed that there was a significant negative correlation between testosterone and triglyceride levels. Also, there was a significant positive correlation between testosterone and HDL levels.

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Background: Brucellosis is a major cause of zoonosis disease and is endemic in hamadan Province in Iran. The purpose of this study was to isolate Brucella species from brucellosis patients and identify different species of this bacterium in order to determine the prevalence of the species.

Materials and Methods: This study was descriptive- cross sectional and fifty blood samples were obtained from brucellosis patients with clinical symptoms. The samples were cultured in BACTEC system and incubated for 14 days. Then, the samples were cultured on Brucella agar and biochemical tests were done for identification of bacteria. Finally, Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) applied for confirmation and isolated identification with specific primers.

Results: Seven Brucella strains were isolated from 50 blood samples of the patients with brucellosis by blood culture and PCR. The PCR results on blood specimens showed 4 positive in spite of the negative results of blood culture. PCR and biochemical methods revealed that all the 11 isolated bacteria were Brucella Melitensis.

Conclusion: This study was designed to evaluate PCR technique as a diagnostic tool for brucella spp in comparison to conventional techniques. This study showed a high prevalence of brucellosis due to Brucella Melitensis in Hamadan Province and efforts in this region should be aimed at the eradication of this bacterium.

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Background: Since the anti-inflammatory effects of usual doses of morphine (10mg/kg) is proved, and also, regarding to the role of C-fibers in the release of substance P and CGRP and progression of inflammation were found, and the other hand, the excitatory effects of very low doses of morphine (1µg/kg) on C-fibers have also been reported, present study has examined the role of C-fibers, usual and very low doses of morphine in presence or reduced C-fibers on paw edema induced by sub plantar injection of formalin.

Materials & Methods: In this study, male Wistar rats (180-200g) were Categorized into two groups. One as vehicle (which received neonatal capsaicin vehicle, C-normal) and experimental (which received neonatal capsaicin, C-lesion). Each category contains three groups which were treated by saline, 10 mg/kg and 1µg/kg of morphine (i.p). In each group, paw edema volume induced by injection of 0.05 cc of 2.5% formalin, was acquired by plethysmometric test.

Results: In C-normal groups, morphine showed an anti-inflammatory effect at the dose of 10mg/kg (p<0.01) and pro-inflammatory effect at the dose of 1µg/kg (p<0.01). Reduction of C-fibers in C-lesion groups diminished the inflammation induced by formalin (p<0.001). Also in these groups, 10 mg/kg dose of morphine showed a more potent anti-inflammatory effects (p<0.001) and the pro-inflammatory effects of 1µg/kg dose of morphine reduced (p<0.001).

Conclusion: C-fibers by releasing substance P and CGRP can play an important role in inflammation induction in injured tissue. The results showed that, the reduction of these fibers can lead to inflammation reduction. So, the presences of C-fibers are so important in inflammation induction and edema.

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Background: Despite control, prevention and the availability of drugs to cure tuberculosis, TB remains an important cause of death from an infectious agent in Iran. Pulmonary tuberculosis is more than 80% of tuberculosis cases. Chest x-ray is sensitive, cheap and accessible instrument for the diagnosis of tuberculosis. The aim of this study was to determine the radiological changes in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis.

Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, after consideration of inclusion and exclusion criteria, finally 477 radiographic patients referred to rural and urban clinics in recent decade were enrolled. The affected lobe or lobes of the left or right lung were recorded. The types of involvement were categorized based on patchy consolidation, cavitation, fibrosis, bronchiectasis, gohn lesion, bronchogenic spread and bronchopneumonia. Pearson correlation coefficient was used to measure the strength of association between continuous variables. For analysis of qualitative parameters, we use from Chi-square test. Data analysis was done in SPSS18 and p value below than 0.05 was significant.

Results: Out of 477 patients, mean age was 48.24±22 years old, male including 33.3%, Iranian and urban cases were 44% and 91.3% respectively. The most frequent involved site was the left upper lobe followed by the right upper lobe. The most frequent radiographic finding was patchy consolidation and then bronchogenic spread and pneumonic consolidation respectively. There was significant correlation between lung cavities in patients with nationality.

Conclusion: This study could  help to early diagnosis and treatment of suspect patients to pulmonary tuberculosis.

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Background: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is defined as glucose intolerance with first dignosis during pregnancy. There is some evidence indicating that chemerin play a role in the development of GDM. In this study, for the first time, a possible association of rs17173608 polymorphism in the chemerin gene with the risk of GDM in Arak population was investigated.

Materials and Methods: In this case-control study, 120 GDM and 150 pregnant women with normal glucose tolerance were selected. GDM was confirmed by oral glucose tolerance according to the new IADPSG criteria. Genomic DNA was extracted from EDTA treated whole blood. The polymorphism of chemerin gene was determined using tetra-amplification refractory mutation system-polymerase chain reaction (T-ARMS-PCR).

Results: The genotype frequencies of  TT, GT and GG at rs17173608 were respectively 81.7%, 17.5% and 0.8% in the GDM group and 73.3%, 25.3% and 1.3% in the control group. There were no statistical differences in genotype frequencies between case group and the control group. Also, allele frequencies in the GDM group  (T 90.4% , G 9.6%), did not differ significantly from the control group ( T 96% ,G 14%). No association was found between genotype frequencies and FBS, 1h, 2 h and BMI.

Conclusion: The present study show that the rs17173608 polymorphism in the chemerin gene is not associated with the development of glucose intolerance and GDM in the studied population.

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Background: Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS) consists of repetitious physical and psychological symptoms that occurs in luteal phase of menstrual period and will be over when menstrual period starts. The goal of this study is to investigate the effect of calcium therapy plus vitamin D and cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) on the parameters of PMS symptoms in women suffering from PMS.

Materials and Methods: This study has an experimental plan of pretest and post-test of the control group. The statistical society is 250 female staff of Tehran Universities in academic year 2013-2014. Premenstrual syndrome screening tool (PSST) questionnaire was used as an evaluation tool. The collected data were analyzed using the indexes of the descriptive statistics and covariance analysis (p<0.05).

Results: The minimum age of the statistical society was 24, 52.5 % of them held a master's degree and 60% were single. Cognitive behavioral therapy method, calcium and vitamin D therapy were significant in improving the parameters of symptoms at p<0.05 level of significance.

Conclusion: Combining cognitive behavioral therapy and calcium supplementation and vitamin D is significantly effective in improving components of PMS sympotoms and applying these methods is recommended by the consultants and gynecologists.

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Background: There have been numerous reports of snake venoms being employed as analgesics in attempts to relieve severe pain associated with cancer, immune dysfunction and viral infections. This study investigates the antinociceptive effects of iranian cobra snake venom (Naja naja oxiana) in comparison with morphine and lidocain on laboratorial femal mice.

Materials and Methods: This study has been done on 48 NMRI female mice of 18-20 g in weight. Antinociceptive activeity of snake venom was evaluated by formalin test. In this test, the animals were divided into 6 groups (each group consisting of 8 mice): Sham, positive Control (receiving morphine at dose of 5 mg/kg, and receiving lidocain at dose of 20 mg/kg), and experimental groups receiving venom at doses of 1, 3 and 4.5 µg/mice. In all groups, the formalin test was recorded for 60 min after administration of venom and drugs in mice. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey test.

Results: The results showed that the venom of Naja naja oxiana decreased nociception meaningfully in both acute and chronic phases. We also showed that this venom revealed even a better analgesic activity in comparison with morphine and lidocain.

Conclusion: This study showed that the antinociceptive effect of the venom was mediated through central nervous system and peripheral mechanisms. Although details of the mechanism remain unclear, and further studies should be considered to demonstrate its therapeutic effects.

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Background: Birthweight less than 2500 grams is the major indicators of neonatal and infant health. The studies on animals show that copper and zinc deficiency in pregnancy is associated with fetal growth and congenital abnormalities. Therefore, our study was conducted to evaluate the role of these two elements on human embryos.

 Materials and Methods: In this descriptive study, cord blood of all infants born in Nik-Nafs Maternity of Rafsanjan was Collected for 1 year. Then, serum was separated and saved. In total, 64 samples including 9 infants with congenital anomalies, 21 infants with a weight equal to or less than 2500 grams and 34 healthy infants were selected randomly as control group. The level of copper and zinc in cord boold was measured by the spectrophotometric method and data analysis was carried out by SPSS 17 software and statistical methods involving Chi-square, T-test and analysis of variance.

Results: No significant relation was shown between the levels of copper and zinc withbirth weight and congenital abnormalities. Also, there was not any significant correlation between these two teo elements and some pregnancy risk factors such as type of delivery, premature rupture of membrane, placental decolman, placental previa, preeclampsia, gravidity, height, head circumference and Apgar scores.

 Conclusion: The findings indicate that the levels of copper and zinc in cord blood are not associated with incidence of low birth weight, congenital malformations and pregnancy risk factors.

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  Background: One of the factors determining the survival and neonatal health is maternal proper nutrition during pregnancy. The aim of the present study is to determine the maternal nutritional status with a view to the intake of some nutrients and its effect on anthropometric indices of newborn .

  Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional analytical study, 500 pregnant women referred to Sina maternity hospital in Ahvaz were studied. Dietary intake of calcium, zinc, iron, vitamin D was measured and its relation to average weight, length and head circumference at birth in infants was evaluated. Data were analyzed by using Independent T-Test in SPSS 17. P-value less than 5% was considered statistically significant.

  Results: There was a significant correlation between calcium intake rate, weight and length at birth. Between zinc intake rate, weight, length and head circumference at birth, there was a significant correlation. The maternal intake of vitamin D affected on birth weight(p<0/05). But, there was no significant association between iron intake rate and neonatal anthropometric indicators(p>0/05).

  Conclusion: The results of this study showed that the maternal nutritional intake of calcium, zinc and vitamin D influences on some infant anthropometric indicators.

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Background: Hemophilia A is an X-linked bleeding disorder caused by heterogenous mutations in factor VIII gene that encodes coagulation factor VIII (F8) protein. Due to the high heterogeneity of mutations, large size (186 kb) and structural complexity of the F8 gene, direct mutation analysis is costly and time consuming. Alternatively, linkage analysis using informative polymorphic markers such as single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers has been introduced as a rapid and cost effective method for hemophilia A carrier detection in families with an affected individual. Several SNP markers associated with the F8 gene region have been studied.

Materials and Methods: In this exprimental study, the characteristics of A/T SNP (rs4898352) as an informative marker located in intron 18 of F8 gene region was investigated in Isfahanin population. rs4898352 marker was genotyped using tetra primer ARMS PCR method followed by agarose gel electrophoresis in 140 unrelated control healthy females in mentioned population. New primers were designed for rs4898352 marker using the oligo 7 software. The allele frequency, degree of heterozygosity and Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium were estimated by use of Genepop program. The polymorphism information content (PIC) value was estimated using the Powermarker software.

Results:  The results showed that the allele frequency of rs4898352 polymorphism for A and T alleles was 0.482 and 0.518, respectively. The observed heterozigosity rate was 60%. Analysis of Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium demonstrated that the Isfahan population was in equilibrium (p>0.05) for rs4898352 marker. Moreover, analysis of PIC value revealed that this marker could be considered as a highly informative marker in the mentioned population.

Conclusion: Together, the data suggested that rs4898352 could be introduced as an informative marker for molecular diagnosis of hemophilia A in Isfahan Population