Showing 1399 results for Type of Study: Original Atricle
Ebrahim Mohammadi, Laya Hooshmand, Arash Masumi,
Volume 28, Issue 1 (3-2025)
Abstract
Introduction: Novel antidiabetic medications are employed to manage glycemic control and mitigate the long-term complications of type 2 diabetes. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of adverse events, including hypoglycemia, associated with these novel antidiabetic agents in a cohort of patients with type 2 diabetes.
Methods: This cross-sectional analytical study was conducted on 157 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus attending the Endocrinology Clinic at Imam Khomeini Hospital, Urmia, during the summer of 2024. A convenience sampling method was employed to recruit participants. Data on demographics, the incidence of hypoglycemia, and reported adverse drug reactions were collected from all eligible patients through a structured interview. Subsequently, patients were stratified into three treatment groups based on the specific novel antidiabetic medication they received.
Results: In patients receiving sitagliptin, the most prevalent adverse events included arthralgia and rheumatic problems (26.31%), dermatological manifestations (36.84%), and allergic reactions (21.06%). Nausea (52.94%) and abdominal pain (17.65%) were the most frequent adverse events observed in patients treated with liraglutide. Polydipsia (28.72%), weakness and lethargy (26.6%), and dry mucous membranes (27.66%) were commonly reported in patients receiving empagliflozin. Hypoglycemia was observed predominantly in male patients aged 51-55 years receiving sitagliptin.
Conclusions: The findings of this study demonstrate a low incidence of hypoglycemia among patients treated with modern antidiabetic medications. Prevalent short-term adverse events observed included gastrointestinal disturbances, allergic reactions, and dermatological manifestations.
Fateme Tahsinin, Ali Heidarianpour, Elnaz Shokri,
Volume 28, Issue 1 (3-2025)
Abstract
Introduction: Being overweight is associated with increased cortisol secretion, along with heightened anxiety and depression. This study aimed to compare the effect of six weeks of concurrent moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) and high-intensity interval training (HIIT) with HIIT training alone on body composition, plasma cortisol levels, and anxiety and depression levels in overweight male students.
Methods: In this semi-experimental research, 27 overweight students were selected and randomly divided into three groups 9: MICT+HIIT concurrent training, HIIT training, and a control group. The MICT )15 minutes of exercise per day at 60-65% of maximum heart rate with an additional 5 minutes every two weeks). The HIIT (3 minutes of running at 70-75% of maximum heart rate, followed by 3 minutes of active rest at 50% of maximum heart rate, with three repetitions in the first two weeks, four repetitions in the second two weeks, and five repetitions in the final two weeks).
Results: Both types of training protocols resulted in reductions in weight, body mass index, cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, cortisol levels, anxiety, depression, and an increase in high-density lipoprotein (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference between the two types of exercise in terms of effectiveness on these variables; however, only peak oxygen consumption and triglycerides were associated with better changes in the MICT+HIIT group.
Conclusions: For overweight male adolescents aiming for weight loss and improved mental health, HIIT alone is sufficient, and adding MICT does not provide additional clinical benefits.
Parto Hekmatpou, Parnian Hekmatpou, Farideh Jalali Mashayekhi, Sahar Bayat, Milad Gholami,
Volume 28, Issue 1 (3-2025)
Abstract
Introduction: Oculocutaneous Albinism is a hereditary disease with an autosomal recessive pattern. The incidence of this disease is about 1 in every 17 thousand births. Most of the affected people in Iran are the result of consanguineous marriages. White hair, fair skin, and reduction of iris pigments are the main manifestations of this disease. Also, exposure to sunlight increases the susceptibility of these patients to skin cancer. This study aimed to investigate the genetic cause of a person with Oculocutaneous Albinism by whole exome sequencing.
Methods: A 6cc peripheral blood sample was obtained from a child with oculocutaneous Albinism with an autosomal recessive inheritance pattern. DNA extraction and whole exome sequencing were performed. After analyzing the exome sequencing data, the pathogenic mutation was identified. Then, the Sanger sequencing method was used to confirm and segregate.
Results: The affected case showed homozygous pathogenic mutation (NM_000372.5): c.286dupA p.(Met96AsnfsTer73) in exon 1 of the TYR gene. Oculocutaneous albinism IA was determined according to the mutated gene. Also, the parents of the affected person were heterozygous for the mutation.
Conclusions: The mutation causing oculocutaneous albinism was identified in the affected person using the high-efficiency whole exome sequencing method and then confirming the mutation through Sanger sequencing. Considering the parents' consanguineous marriage of the parents, this finding can be used for preventive measures in the future.
Zahra Juodi, Zahra Fakur, Ali Aagayar Makouii, Rasool Gareaghaji Asl,
Volume 28, Issue 1 (3-2025)
Abstract
Introduction: One of the most common problems in newborns is apnea of prematurity. Given the importance of preventing apnea in very premature infants, the present study was designed and conducted to investigate the preventive effect of caffeine on reducing the frequency of apnea events in very premature infants.
Methods: This randomized, double-blind, controlled clinical trial was conducted on premature infants hospitalized in the neonatal intensive care unit of Shahid Motahari Hospital in Urmia. Infants were randomly divided into two intervention and control groups. The intervention group received intravenous caffeine at an initial dose of 20 mg/kg and a maintenance dose of 5 mg/kg for 14 days. In contrast, the control group received an equal volume of normal saline intravenously for the same period. Apnea events, cyanosis attacks, and bradycardia were recorded by the researchers in a standard checklist.
Results: Of the 50 infants in each group, 2% of the caffeine and 4% of the control group required prolonged oxygen therapy, respectively. Also, 6% of the caffeine group and 4% of the control group experienced intraventricular hemorrhage. In addition, 4% of the caffeine group and 2% of the control group required surgery to close the patent ductus arteriosus, and 14% of the caffeine group and 18% of the control group experienced apneic events. However, there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups regarding the incidence of apneic events (P = 0.58). Ultimately, 20% of the caffeine group and 14% of the control group died.
Conclusions: Although the findings of the present study were not statistically significant, they indicate a decrease in the frequency of apnea events in the group of premature infants receiving caffeine compared to the control group.
Hadis Tahmasbi Arashloopour, Daryoush Khajavi, Fardin Faraji,
Volume 28, Issue 2 (4-2025)
Abstract
Introduction: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most common neurological disorder in young adults and balance problems due to MS may result in disturbances in upright posture, limitations in walking and turning, and ultimately falls in patients. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of a combined physical exercises and cognitive-behavioral stress management intervention program on static, dynamic balance and balance confidence in PwMS.
Methods: The statistical population included MS patients (aged 20–60 years with Expanded Disability Status Scale [EDSS] scores of 2–4) referred to the Arak MS Association. Thirty participants were selected via convenience sampling and randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. Participants underwent pretests using the Timed Up and Go (TUG) test, single-leg stance test, and the Activities-Specific Balance Confidence (ABC) Scale. Then, they participated in the combined motor and cognitive intervention program, and finally performed a post – test. Data were analyzed by Independent and Paired Student T-tests.
Results: According to the results, the mean score of the experimental group in the TUG test (P ≤ 0.002), and standing on one-foot tests increased significantly in the post-test (P ≤ 0.001). There were no significant differences in mean ABC scores between the experimental and control groups on the post-test (P ≤ 0.153).
Conclusions: The findings suggest that a combined motor and cognitive intervention program can effectively improve agility, dynamic and static balance in people with MS. Improving balance confidence may require a longer duration of training due to its subjective nature.
Shahnaz Shahrjerdi, Zahra Geramipour,
Volume 28, Issue 2 (4-2025)
Abstract
Introduction: Hallux valgus is a common foot deformity causing lateral deviation of the first toe and progressive subluxation of the first metatarsophalangeal joint. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of kinesiotype and ankle strengthening exercises with a bosu ball on pain, balance and big toe angle in women with hallux valgus.
Methods: This clinical trial study used a pre-test and post-test design. First, forty-five women with hallux valgus and flat feet were selected via convenience sampling and randomly assigned to three groups: a kinesiotape group (four weeks, three sessions/week, 24-hour tape application per session), a kinesiotape with Bosu ball ankle strengthening exercises (four weeks, three sessions/week, 30 minutes of exercises and 24-hour tape application per session), and a control group (no intervention). Pain, balance, and hallux valgus angle were measured using the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), stork test, and goniometer, respectively. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA at a significance level (P ≥ 0.05).
Results: After performing the exercises, comparing the data between the two groups before and after 4 weeks revealed a significant difference in pain, balance, and hallux valgus angle in the two groups of kinesiotape and kinesiotape along with the strengthening exercises of Boussou bathop compared to The control group showed (P = 0.001).
Conclusions: A combined program of kinesiotape and Bosu ball ankle strengthening exercises may improve pain, balance, and hallux valgus alignment in women.
Mehdi Mikelani Akhoreh Ouliaei, Farnaz Farhad, Hamid Sarlak,
Volume 28, Issue 2 (4-2025)
Abstract
Introduction: Considering parents' preferences and opinions is an important factor in dentists' choice of treatment techniques. Despite the relatively low attitude of parents towards the use of the "parental presence/absence" technique, dentists still use this technique during pediatric dental treatment. The present study was conducted with the aim of simultaneously investigating the dentists' attitudes regarding the "presence/absence of parents" technique during the treatment of 4-10-year-old children and determining the factors affecting this attitude.
Methods: In this cross-sectional study, the attitudes of 83 dentists regarding the "presence/absence of parents" technique were evaluated using an investigator-designed questionnaire. The questionnaire scored dentists' attitudes regarding the above technique and evaluated the background factors affecting the child's attitude. Data were analyzed with a significance level of 0.05.
Results: The mean attitude score of the participants was 60.61±12.99. Also, 55.4% of participants considered this technique "unsuccessful". The factors "type of treatment", "child's age", "child's behavior", "parental behavior" and "implementation of the presence/absence technique", significantly affected the participants' attitudes.
Conclusions: Dentists do not hold a highly positive attitude toward the "presence/absence of parents" technique. According to dentists working in pediatric dentistry, this technique has low success in guiding children’s behavior.
Afsaneh Talaei, Fatemeh Rafiei, Glonaz Motamedi, Ali Chehrei,
Volume 28, Issue 2 (4-2025)
Abstract
Introduction: Thyroid nodules are highly prevalent. The role of insulin resistance in thyroid nodule formation has recently gained attention. While several studies have explored the relationship between metformin and insulin resistance, limited research has assessed the effect of metformin therapy on thyroid nodule volume and number. This study investigated the effect of metformin on the size and number of thyroid nodules.
Methods: A total of 240 euthyroid women with thyroid nodules were divided into four groups. Group 1 received levothyroxine 100 μg/day, Group 2 received metformin 500 mg twice daily, Group 3 received a combination of both drugs for three months, and Group 4 served as the control group with no treatment. Thyroid ultrasound was performed at baseline and after three months. Statistical analyses included the Kruskall–Wallis, Wilcoxon, and Chi-square tests, examined the differences of the size of thyroid nodules and the mean of thyroid hormones levels between groups, for Each group included 60 people and to compare the percentage of differences between the groups, respectively. Also P value less than 0.05 was considered meaningful.
Results: Results showed no statistically significant differences in thyroid hormone levels after treatment among the three groups except the levothyroxine group. Additionally, only the levothyroxine group showed a significant post-treatment decrease in TSH and increase in T4. Thyroid nodule size significantly decreased in the levothyroxine group and the levothyroxine-metformin combination group compared to the metformin-alone and control groups.
Conclusions: This study indicates that metformin does not reduce the size of thyroid nodules, contradicting studies suggesting its potential antineoplastic effects on the thyroid. However, the study duration may be insufficient for definitive conclusions, necessitating further high-quality studies with larger sample sizes and longer follow-up periods.
Davoud Shamsi, Mohsen Mohammadian Saravi, Khalil Ali Mohamadzadeh, Azadeh Ashrafi,
Volume 28, Issue 2 (4-2025)
Abstract
Introduction: Good governance, as one of the fundamental concepts in healthcare system management, plays a key role in enhancing the efficiency, effectiveness, and equity of healthcare services. This concept, Emphasizing principles such as transparency, accountability, participation, and legality, has been considered as a framework for improving policymaking and management in Iran's healthcare system.
This study conducted in 2024 aimed to design and present a model of good governance in the healthcare system using a mixed approach of thematic analysis and Partial Least Squares (PLS) method.
Methods: The research method included both qualitative and quantitative components. The qualitative phase, involved managers, health policy experts, specialists from the Ministry of Health and Medical Education, and academic scholars. Sampling was done using purposive and snowball sampling methods, with 17 participants selected until theoretical saturation was reached. In the quantitative phase, the Partial Least Squares (PLS) method was used for model fitting. The statistical population for this section included all experts and managers in Iran's healthcare sector, with a minimum sample size of 384 determined based on Cochran's formula.
Results: The results of thematic analysis of the qualitative data and model fitting showed that the final good governance model in the healthcare system consists of seven main dimensions: effectiveness, efficiency, equity, transparency and accountability, participation, legality, and leadership. Each dimension comprised specific components, and the importance of each was confirmed in strengthening good governance.
Conclusions: This study presents a comprehensive good governance model for the healthcare system, offering a framework for improving policymaking, management, and performance in this sector. The proposed model can be used as a strategic decision-making tool and improving management structures.
Mostafa Mirzaei, Mohammadreza Amiri Nikpour, Rezvan Noruzzadeh,
Volume 28, Issue 2 (4-2025)
Abstract
Introduction: Imaging of the vascular system supplying the brain parenchyma is a diagnostic tool in the evaluation of stroke patients. This study aimed to compare the results of digital subtraction angiography with color Doppler ultrasound of the carotid arteries in patients with ischemic stroke.
Methods: In this cross-sectional-analytical study, the medical records of patients with ischemic stroke admitted to Imam Khomeini Hospital from July 1401 to July 1402 were reviewed to collect data. Demographic information, along with the results of color Doppler ultrasound and digital subtraction angiography of the patients, were extracted and evaluated.
Results: This study included 48 patients with ischemic stroke with a mean age of 12.8 ± 0.67 years. Hypertension was present in 68.8%, diabetes mellitus in 20.8%, and smoking in 25% of patients. Based on the results of digital subtraction angiography and color Doppler ultrasound, the most common vascular abnormality was plaque (79.2%). Vascular stenosis and occlusion were present in 91.7% of patients. Color Doppler ultrasound in examining the right and left internal carotid arteries had a sensitivity of 94.9% and 92.8%, specificity of 66.7% and 38.9%, positive predictive value of 92.1% and 70.3%, and negative predictive value of 75% and 77.8%.
Conclusions: Color Doppler vascular ultrasound demonstrated high sensitivity and specificity in detecting the presence and severity of stenosis in internal carotid arteries of ischemic stroke patients, supporting its use as a non-invasive and cost-effective method in clinical practice.
Ali Jalalvand,
Volume 28, Issue 2 (4-2025)
Abstract
Introduction: This study aimed to investigate the effect of the backward gait training protocol on postural sway and balance in elderly men with a history of falls.
Methods: A total of 28 healthy elderly individuals with a history of falls participated in this research. The backward gait protocol was considered the independent variable, and the mean parameters of postural sway, including range, center of pressure displacement, center of pressure velocity, and center of pressure acceleration, were examined as dependent variables. A Kistler force platform was used to assess postural sway. A mixed-design repeated measures ANOVA was performed at a significance level of 0.05.
Results: No significant differences were found in the anterior-posterior amplitude and medio-lateral acceleration of the center of pressure between healthy elderly individuals and those with a history of falls (P > 0.05). However, individuals with a history of falls exhibited greater medio-lateral amplitude, anterior-posterior displacement, anterior-posterior velocity, and anterior-posterior acceleration of the center of pressure (P = 0.001). Conversely, they demonstrated lower medio-lateral displacement (P = 0.001) and medio-lateral velocity of the center of pressure (P = 0.005).
Conclusions: Changes in center of pressure parameters may predict fall risk in the older adults. These parameters have varying sensitivities for detecting subtle differences in postural control. The responses of various parameters are influenced by compensatory mechanisms, weaknesses, and balance disorders. The backward gait protocol serves as a targeted intervention to improve balance and stability in elderly individuals at risk of falls.
Mohammad Javad Gouran, Soodeh Hooshmandi, Sajjad Rahimi Pordanjani,
Volume 28, Issue 3 (8-2025)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Echogenic Intracardiac Foci (EIF) are non-structural markers identified during the routine 18-20-week fetal anomaly ultrasound scan yet their maternal and neonatal risk factors is unclear. At present, there are few data on the effect of hypothyroidism on fetal cardiovascular structure and function. The objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence of maternal hypothyroidism in women with fetal echogenic foci.
Methods: In this cross-sectional study which carried out from September 2022 to September 2023, 100 clinical records of pregnant women who referred to the Amir-Al-Momenin Hospital and their fetal echogenic foci were diagnosed and confirmed using echocardiography, were assessed. Demographic characteristics, including maternal age, gestational age, underlying disease, and also fetal gender, were recorded. Statistical analyzes were performed using SPSS software version 24.
Results: The mean ± SD of maternal age and gestational age were 34 ± 41.55 and 21.4 ± 3.65 years, as well as delivery frequency was 2.36 ± 1.41. Seven (7%) pregnant women have been diagnosed with hypothyroidism. Five (5%) pregnant women had a history of blood hypertension, 2 (2%) cases suffered from systemic lupus erythromatose, 1 (1%) had a history of epilepsy, while the rest (92%) had no history of any underlying disease. Totally, 54 (53.5%) of fetus were male. A significant association was found between maternal hypothyroidism and fetal EIF (P= 0.00). Further significant association was also found between maternal hypothyroidism and underlying disease and fetal gender (P= 0.00). However, there was no statistically significant association between maternal hypothyroidism with mothers age and gestaional age (P= 0.761 and 0.916, respectively). Fetal EIF was also significantly associated with maternal underlying disease and fetal gender (P= 0.00).
Conclusion: This study revealed a high prevalence of hypothyroidism in pregnant women with fetal EIF. Moreover, maternal hypothyroidism and fetal EIF were also associated with underlying disease and fetal gender. Further investigation is warranted to develop strategies to optimize the outcome of these fetuses.
Rahmatallah Fatahian, Behnaz Karimi, Seyed Reza Hosseini, Kianoush Forouhar Majd, Ayatallah Hatempour ,
Volume 28, Issue 3 (8-2025)
Abstract
Introduction: The study discusses the impact of thiamine on the tissues of rats that have been exposed to copper oxide nanoparticles. The research looks at how thiamine correlates with the level of kidney damage caused by the intrusion of nanoparticles.
Methods: In this experimental study, forty male Wistar rats aged 10 rats in each group were randomly divided into four groups. Two groups of rats were used as control group (I) and thiamine group (II). Rats of group III were administered intraperitoneal injection of 25 mg/kg body weight copper oxide nanoparticles for 14 days. Patients in group IV received the same dose of copper oxide nanoparticles together with thiamine (30 mg/kg body weight.
Results: The histopathological findings showed disruption of the order of convoluted tubules and their disintegration and widening of the tubular lumen, cell separation and tubular necrosis of the majority of the renal tubules in-group III. In the group treated with copper oxide nanoparticles along with thiamine (IV), the pathological changes were slight and the majority of the tubes had their normal structure. Statistically significant alteration in the levels of some serum biochemical parameters (catalase, superoxide dismutase, TBARS, and TAC) were observed in groups III and IV on day 14 when compared to the control group.
Conclusions: In this research, it was demonstrated that thiamine can be utilized as an effective compound to reduce the damage caused by nanoparticles in kidney tissue and can significantly improve the health of kidney tissue in patients suffering from damage caused by these nanoparticles.
Hassan Shafiei, Alireza Khaki,
Volume 28, Issue 3 (8-2025)
Abstract
Introduction: High sensory processing sensitivity in the face of psychological pressures predisposes individuals to substance craving, while resilience, as a protective factor, plays a role in reducing this vulnerability. The present study aimed to examine the structural relationship between sensory processing sensitivity and substance craving with the mediating role of resilience among substance-addicted prisoners.
Methods: The study population included all substance-dependent clients in the Delijan Prison in 2022. A convenience sample of 200 participants was selected based on the research constructs. Data collection tools included the Aron and Aron Sensory Processing Sensitivity Questionnaire (1997), the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (2003), and the Salehi Fardhadi, Berefan, and Ziaei Substance Use Cravings Questionnaire (2008). Structural equation modeling (SEM) using SmartPLS version 2 and SPSS version 19 was employed to test the hypotheses.
Results: The results of the study indicated that the proposed model exhibited a good fit to the data, and high sensory processing sensitivity was directly and indirectly (through resilience) associated with an increased risk of substance craving in addicted individuals (P < 0.05).
Conclusions: The findings of this study indicate that sensory processing sensitivity and resilience play a significant role in substance craving in addicted individuals. Overall, the results of this study emphasize the importance of considering cognitive-emotional factors in the design and implementation of treatment and prevention programs for addiction, as well as in reducing the risk of substance craving.
Safieh Azadi Fard, Mehdi Moradi, Mohammad Malekipooya,
Volume 28, Issue 3 (8-2025)
Abstract
Introduction: Plasma levels of adhesion molecules are considered important indicators in estimating the risk of cardiovascular diseases. Since endurance training and a fasting diet are effective in reducing the symptoms of heart diseases, this study aimed to investigate the effect of a period of endurance training with electrical stimulation on the expression of ICAM and VCAM genes in the heart tissue of obese fasting rats.
Methods: In this study, 35 male Wistar rats (8 weeks old, avg. weight 200±19 g) were randomly assigned to 5 groups (obese control, fasting, fasting with endurance training, fasting with electrical stimulation, fasting with endurance training with electrical stimulation) after inducing obesity. Fasting utilized a 16/8 protocol for all groups except the obese control. The endurance training lasted 4 weeks, increasing intensity from 50% to 65% of max oxygen consumption. Electrical stimulation was delivered via foot shock (0.5 mA for 20 min). Heart tissue was collected 24 hours post-training under anesthesia, with ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 gene expression measured via Real-time PCR. Data was analyzed using two-way ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc test in SPSS version 26, with significance at P≥0.05.
Results: The results of the present study demonstrated that intermittent fasting, endurance training, and electrical stimulation—each independently—led to a significant reduction in the gene expression of vascular adhesion molecules in the cardiac tissue of obese rats (P = 0.001). Moreover, it appears that the combination of all three interventions exerts a greater effect in reducing the expression levels of these adhesion molecules in the cardiac tissue of obese rats (P = 0.001).
Conclusion: Based on the findings, the simultaneous application of endurance training, intermittent fasting, and electrical stimulation exerts a considerable impact on decreasing the expression of VCAM and ICAM in cardiac tissue. However, it is still not possible to definitively determine the directionality of the individual or combined effects of intermittent fasting, endurance training, and electrical stimulation (foot-shock stimulation) on adhesion molecules under conditions of obesity and intermittent fasting.
Ali Abdi Tazeh,
Volume 28, Issue 3 (8-2025)
Abstract
Introduction: The present study was conducted with the aim of analyzing excess deaths during the COVID-19 pandemic in the population covered by Maragheh university of Medical Sciences.
Methods: This descriptive-analytical study extracted the number of recorded deaths and their information, including age, sex, and date of death, by year from march 2020 to march 2021 and march 2021 to march 2022, from the cause-specific registration and classification system of mortality in Maragheh County. The number of expected deaths for 2020 and 2021 was calculated based on the number of deaths recorded from march 2018 to march 2020 in this system. Specifically, the number of deaths stratified by age, gender, and date of death from march 2018 to march 2020 was extracted, and after standardization, mortality rates were calculated. These rates were then adjusted to the population of 2020 and 2021 to estimate the expected number of deaths for these two years.
Results: from march 2020 to March 2022, 3821 deaths were recorded in the causal system. Given the expected number of 2958 deaths, 863 (29.17%) excess deaths occurred. The excess death rate among men was 24.59% and among women was 35.41%. The 60-69 year age group had the highest excess death rate. Overall, 96.06% (829 cases) of the excess deaths during these two years were attributed to COVID-19, with rates of 97.85% among men and 94.36% among women. The highest number of excess deaths occurred in the third quarter of 2020, which was 72.17% higher than the expected deaths for that period.
Conclusions: The excess death rate was higher among older age groups and in the female group. Furthermore,the occurrence of excess deaths increased during the COVID-19 infection waves. Therefore, adopting appropriate policies to prevent disease waves and implementing care and treatment strategies for older age groups will prevent many excess deaths.
Ghodrat Ebadimanas,
Volume 28, Issue 3 (8-2025)
Abstract
Introduction: Mancozeb a widely used fungicide, is extensively applied to protect fruits, vegetables, and crops. It has various toxic effects on humans. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of mancozeb exposure on the ovaries of small laboratory mice.
Methods: Twenty-four immature small white laboratory mice were randomly divided into a control and a mancozeb group, each comprising 12 mice. Each group was divided into three subgroups of days 17, 24, and 31. Mice in the mancozeb group received 100 mg/kg/day mancozeb via gavage for 14 days, and the control group received an equivalent volume of distilled water daily. On day 28, mice were anesthetized for ovary collection, and microscopic sections were prepared and stained from the ovaries. Histomorphometric examination was performed by counting and measuring follicles.
Results: Findings showed that mancozeb exposure resulted in a decrease in the number of mature follicles, an increase in immature follicles, and a reduction in follicle diameter in the experimental group compared to the control group.
Conclusions: Mancozeb disrupts follicle development, potentially leading to reduced fertility in female mice.
Mohammad Parastesh, Zahra Yousefvand, Behzad Aria, Majid Mardaniyan Ghahfarrokh, Jamileh Ahmadi,
Volume 28, Issue 3 (8-2025)
Abstract
Introduction: Cisplatin, a widely used chemotherapy agent, offers therapeutic benefits for cancer treatment but often leads to adverse effects on neurogenesis and oxidative stress. On the other hand, physical activity has been proposed as a potential strategy to counteract these side effects. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of an endurance training period on oxidative stress markers in the brain tissue of rats induced with cisplatin.
Methods: In this study, 32 male rats with an average weight of 220 grams were divided into four groups: healthy control, cisplatin-injected control, endurance training, and cisplatin + endurance training. After 8 weeks of endurance training, the rats were dissected, and blood serum was separated to measure oxidant and antioxidant factors. Additionally, the brain was removed under sterile conditions for the examination of the desired markers. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA.
Results: The results showed that cisplatin significantly decreased MDA and significantly increased TAC and CAT in the cisplatin-receiving control group. On the other hand, 8 weeks of endurance training significantly decreased MDA and significantly increased TAC and CAT. Moreover, no significant change was observed in serum SOD levels. In brain tissue, MDA levels significantly increased, and TAC, CAT, and SOD levels significantly decreased in the cisplatin-receiving group. Conversely, 8 weeks of endurance training reduced MDA levels and increased TAC, CAT, and SOD levels.
Conclusions: Based on the findings of the present study, it appears that physical exercise has protective effects against cisplatin-induced oxidative stress in the brain, which may be attributed to its antioxidant capabilities
Marziyeh Pooladi, Soheila Madadi, Maryam Baazm, Azam Moslemi, Ehsan Golchini, Yusef Abbasi,
Volume 28, Issue 3 (8-2025)
Abstract
Introduction: The sinuosus canal and its branching accessory canals have crucial importance across different races for minimizing neurovascular problems in dental implantation.
Methods: This study was performed as a retrospective analysis, employing Cone beam computed tomography(CBCT) images of 174 patients who attended a private oral and maxillofacial radiology center in Arak from 2018 to 2020. The CBCT images were examined with Romexis software. Quantitative variables were reported as mean ± standard deviation, whereas qualitative variables were presented as frequency percentages. The data were analyzed using the independent T-test. The correlation between quantitative data was examined using Pearsons correlation coefficient and logistic regression analysis. One-way ANOVA was performed to analyze variables including age groups and the location of accessory canals.
Results: 65.5% of the participants had a canalis sinuosus, demonstrating a considerable prevalence of canalis sinuosus in the studied population. Age and gender did not significantly correlate with the prevalence of accessory and sinuosus canals (P > 0.05). However, a significant difference was observed in the mean diameter of the canalis sinuosus between males and females (P = 0.01). The most common location for the termination of accessory canals on the left side in females was posterior to the lateral incisor (48.3%), whereas in males, it was posterior to the central incisor (45.8%). On the right side, the most common place in females (45.5%) and males (36.4%) was also posterior to the central incisor.
Conclusions: The prevalence of sinuosus and accessory canals in different populations and races is more closely related to sample size and race and requires investigation across different races to reduce neurovascular complications.
