Showing 42 results for Odi
Zeynab Golshani, Vida Davoodi,
Volume 16, Issue 8 (11-2013)
Abstract
Background: Today, with raised use of antibiotics and prevalence of resistant strains, there is need for antimicrobial drugs that have fewer side effects than antibiotics. Rosmarinus officinalis is a medicinal plant which had many uses in traditional medicine. In this study, methanol leave extract of this plant is tested on various pathogens.
Materials and Methods: In this in vitro study, Rosmarinus officinalis was used to evaluate its antimicrobial effects. Methanol leave extract of this plant with concentrations of 400, 200, 100, and 50 mg/ml were prepared, and antibacterial activities were evaluated by well diffusion method on strains of Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus cereus and Staphylococcus aureus. Minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration were determined by the microplate method.
Results: In this study, the most efficacy of thanol extract of rosemary leaves was at concentration of 400 mg/ml against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli. Minimum inhibitory concentration of the extract on the growth of these bacteria showed changes from 6.25 mg/ml to 100 mg/ml. Also MBC of extract showed range from 12.5 to 200 mg/ml respectively.
Conclusion: It was found that rosemary methanol extract inhibited growth of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa but did not inhibit of Bacillus cereus growth.
Esmaeil Moshiri, Hesamedin Modir, Morteza Navabi, Mahdyieh Naziri,
Volume 17, Issue 1 (4-2014)
Abstract
Background: Pain is a complex medical problem creating which inadequate control pain results adverse effects on the patients physiological, metabolic and mental conditions.The aim of this study was comparison effect of Ketamin-propofol with Alfentanil-propofol on creating analgesia and sedation during cystoscopy and comparing the side effects of two drugs and patient and physician satissfaction.
Materials and Methods: In this double- blind clinical trial 140 person who were candidate for cystoscopy were randomly divided into two groups The first group received 1mcg/kg alfentanil with 1mg/kg propofol and the second group received 0.5 mg/kg ketamin with 1mg/kg propofol. Sedation score ,pain score, time of cystoscopy and hemodynamic changes determined and data were analyzed by SPSS.
Results: The mean of sedation in alfetanil group was significantly more than ketamin group(p=0.001) . The mean of pain score in alfetanil group was significantly less than ketamin group( p=0.001) .The time of cystoscopy in cystoscopy in alfetanil group was significantly less than ketamin group (p=0.001).
Conclusion: Results showed that alfentanil-propofol compare to ketamin-propofol reduced pain score and increased time of sedation with less side effects during cystoscopy .So this study supports the preference alfentanil compare to ketamin.
Babak Davoodi, Shirin Zilaei Bouri, Akram Ahangarpor, Maryam Zilaei Bouri,
Volume 17, Issue 4 (7-2014)
Abstract
Background: Physical activity and overweight both changethe body homeostasis for this purpose, in this study effect of two models of high and moderate intensity aerobic exercises on the amount of Adiponectin and Resistin were compared inobese and overweight females.
Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, 15 obese and overweight female (Mean age: 22.93±0.54 years weight: 75.15±2.07 kg hight: 160.6±1.38 Cm BMI: 29.24±0.73kg.m-2) were randomly selected as sample. Subjects were placed into high (33 min exercise, 85-90% of max hearat rate) and moderate (41 min exercise, 50-70% of max hearat rate) intensity aerobic exercise groups. Exercises lasted three days a week for eight weeks with an equal volume of consumed energy. In order to analyze data, independent-t test and Repeated Measure analysis of variance were used at a significance level of p<0.05.
Results: The results indicate a significant increase in Adiponectin after eight weeks of high-intensity aerobic exercise compared to moderate-intensity exercise (p=0.02). A significant reduction in fat mass and percentage was observed after moderate intensity exercise (p=0.03), too. In Addition, moderate intensity exercise caused a considerable decrease in Resistin after eight weeks (p=0.06).
Conclusion: High-intensity exercise appears to provide necessary metabolic stress to enhance Adiponectin, even without weight and fat loss.
Maral Rostami Chayjan, Marjan Sabbaghian, Mehdi Alikhani, Fazel Sahraneshin Samani , Reza Salman Yazdi , Seyed Navid Almadani, Anahita Mohseni Mehbodi,
Volume 17, Issue 5 (8-2014)
Abstract
Background: Human &beta-defensin 126 (12kDa) is a small cationic glycoprotein that is highly rich of cysteine. DEFB126 gene is located on the subtelomeric end of 20p1.3 in human. High expression of this protein is reported in epididymis. This polypeptide coats the plasma membrane of sperm during epididymal transit. It is likely that &beta -defensin 126 might have role in unexplained male infertility since it involves in sperm maturation and capacitation. The current research designed to investigate if there is relation between &beta-defensin 126 gene mutation and unexplained male infertility.
Materials and Methods: In this case-control study we followed a two cytosine nucleotides deletion of &beta-defensin 126 gene in 35 Iranian men with unexplained infertility and 40 fertile men with normal spermogeram as control group. Standard PCR, SSCP(Single strand conformational polymorphism), and sequencing were used to detect genetic alteration of &beta-defensin 126. ELISA was performed for the assessment of the protein expression on sperm cells.
Results: Analysis of genetic data revealed 28.6% homozygote deletion in unexplained infertile men while this deletion was detected in 7.5% of controls. The deletion frequency was statistically higher in infertile patients than normal control group (p<0.05). The protein expression was less in men with del/del genotype compare to the other genotypes (p<0.005).
Conclusion: Our study shows that this common sequence variation of &beta-defensin 126 takes part in impairment of male reproductive function. Consequently, men with the del/del genotype are significantly less fertile than men who carry the wild type allele.
Babak Eshrati, Maryam Shakiba, Ali Khorshidi, Ali Akbar Mabodi, Habibollah Rahimi,
Volume 17, Issue 6 (9-2014)
Abstract
Background: This study aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of insulin versus oral hypoglycemic drugs for gestational diabetes treatment, using evidence based medicine approach.
Materials and Methods: This secondary study was conducted by selecting a comprehensive systematic review through searching the Cochrane library. To calculate the number needed to treat (NNT), outcomes such as cesarean section, macrosomia, birth weight more than 90th percentile, operative vaginal delivery, labor induction, post partum hemorrhage, and shoulder dystocia has been considered while neonatal hypoglycemia, NICU hospitalization and fetal distress were considered for calculating number needed to harm (NNH). To calculate the likelihood of helped versus harmed (LHH), macrosomia and hypoglysmia were selected. Data were analyzed with Wilson score test.
Results: The NNT for above outcomes were 3, -14, -5, 16, -3, 31, and 32, respectively. Among them cesarean section was significance. Calculated NNH for side effects were 6, 15, and -17 which only was significance for neonatal hypoglycemia (p<0.05). The LHH was estimated -0.43.
Conclusion: Considering LHH, it seems that the benefit of insulin in management of gestational diabetes is more than metformin. But with respect to issues such as low sample size of trials, lack of assessment the maternal hypoglysemia as complication of insulin therapy, the findings should be considered cautiously.
Mohammad Mosleh Abadi Farahani, Naser Amirizadeh, Arezoo Odi, Mona Khorshidfar, Mahin Nikougoftar Zarif,
Volume 17, Issue 7 (10-2014)
Abstract
Background: Hematopoietic stem cell transplants are routinely used to treat patients with cancers and other disorders of blood and immune systems. Osteoblasts constitute part of the stromal cell support system in marrow for hematopoiesis by participating in the formation of the HSC niche. It is believed that interaction between hematopoietic cells and bone forming osteoblasts regulate each other’s function. It is established that acute blood loss in animal models activates bone formation and niche development because of EPO stimulation. In this experimental study we have examined the co-culture of HSCs derived from cord blood which treated with EPO in vitro, on osteoblastic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells.
Materials and Methods: In this experimental study MSCs isolated from bone marrow and co-cultured with CD 34+ CD38- HSCs isolated from cord blood. These co-cultured cells were treated with different doses of erythropoietin for 14 days, after that RNA were extracted from MSCs and analysed with RT-PCR to evaluate the expression of osteopontin and osteocalcin. Alizarin red and alkaline phosphatase staining were done for osteoblastic differentiation.
Results: Osteopontin and osteocalcin were expressed in MSCs. Cellular staining were positive for osteoblastic differentiation. Differentiated cells expressed osteoblastic markers.
Conclusion: These data suggest that EPO regulates the osteoblastic differentiation from bone marrow MSCs in vitro.
Farhad Daryanoosh, Maryam Mehboodi, Maryam Mortazavi, Elham Motesharee,
Volume 17, Issue 9 (12-2014)
Abstract
Background: Obestatin and leptin are two important hormones in energy homeostasis that have been discovered in recent years. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of eight weeks of intense aerobic exercise on plasma levels of obestatin, leptin, insulin and growth hormones in male obese Sprague Dawley Rats.
Materials and Methods: In this exprimontal study 50 male rats, with the weight range of 20±320 were taken from the Animal Laboratory of Medical Sciences in Shiraz University, and were divided into two training groups: experimental and control. The exercise program consisted of 8 weeks of intense aerobic exercise, 5 sessions per week. The exercise started at a speed of 5 meters per minute and with a slope of zero degree for 15 minutes and the intensity progressively reached up to the speed of 25 m/m and the slope of 15 degrees for 75 minutes in the last week and ended. Blood samples were taken 24 hours after the last training session and were sent to the laboratory to measure the levels of obestatin, leptin, insulin and growth hormones. SPSS software and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Pearson correlation coefficient were used to assess the results.
Results: There was a significant reduction in plasma levels of obestatin (p=0.02), leptin (p=0.02), and insulin (p=0.03), while the results showed that no meaningful difference was observed in the amount of growth hormone between the control group and intense training group (p=0.07).
Conclusion: The results of the present study have shown that after sports activities leading to weight loss, the reduction of anti-hunger hormones (obestatin and leptin) is expected.
Mahboobeh Bahroodi, Gholamreza Irajian, Mohammad Mehdi Fizabadi, Bahador Behrouz, Saeed Bahroudi, Mehdi Mahdavi,
Volume 17, Issue 11 (2-2015)
Abstract
Background: The emergence of antibiotic resistance, particularly resistance to methicillin in Staphylococcus aureus has made the treatment process more difficult. Therefore, producing of an effective vaccine seems to be necessary to prevent infections with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). In this study, a mixture of naloxone and alum has been used to improve the efficacy of a vaccine against MRSA.
Materials and Methods: MRSA 834 strain was grown on TSB medium and the grown cells were harvested and killed by sonication and were used as a vaccine model. Balb/c mice were divided into six groups and the vaccines were either injected alone, with naloxone, alum, or a mixture of naloxone - alum and control group received naloxone and PBS buffer. Total IgG antibody level was measured by ELISA method and finally, the challenge test of this bacterium was performed and the mice were examined regarding the degree of bacteria growth in their kidneys.
Results: The serum level of Total IgG antibody in the mixture of naloxone – alum with MRSA group was shown to be significantly increased (p<0.05). Furthermore, the lowest bacterial load was observed in this group.
Conclusion: It seems that a mixture of naloxone and alum as an adjuvant with the killed methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus enhances the humoral immunity leading to a high level of protection against MRSA infections. Therefore, this seems to be a good option for improving the performance of this vaccine.
Seyed Mohammad Ali Shariatzadeh, Afsaneh Hajian Karahrodi,
Volume 17, Issue 12 (3-2015)
Abstract
Background: Bisphenol A (BPA) has estrogenic properties and generates reactive oxygen species (ROS). The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of Nigella sativa oil (NSO) on sperm parameters against toxicity induced with BPA.
Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, adult male mice with mean body weight 32±3 g were randomly divided into 4 groups (n=6) Control, BPA (200mg/kg/day), NSO (5ml/kg/day), and BPA+NSO. Oral treatment was performed till 34 days. After end of treatment, body and left testis weight were recorded and left caudal epididymis was also cut. Released spermatozoa were used to analyze sperm parameters such as motility, viability and abnormalities. Sperm chromatin quality was assessed. Data were analyzed with One-Way ANOVA.
Results: Body and testis weight showed no significant change in four groups (p<0.05). A significant decrease in the motility, viability and normal morphology of sperm (p<0.001) was found in BPA-treated mice compared to the control group. In BPA+ NSO group, NSO could significantly increas the mentioned parameters compared to the BPA group (p<0.05). BPA had no effect on the uncleus diameter of the spetmatogonia and sperm DNA integrity and histon-protamine replacement.
Conclusion: The results indicated that NSO could partially ameliorate Bisphenol A-induced toxicity on sperm parameters.
Azadeh Najarzadeh, Hadi Atarod, Hasan Mozaffari-Khosravi, Ali Dehghani, Foad Asjodi,
Volume 18, Issue 4 (7-2015)
Abstract
Background: Delayed muscular soreness after resistance exercises or eccentric trainings is probably because of muscle damage and injury. Nutrition by playing a crucial role in both protein synthesize and catabolism can influence the extent of muscle injury. The objective of this study was to assess the effect of single portion of Glutamine supplement consumption on injury indices of muscle after a session eccentric resistance exercise.
Materials and Methods: This study used a randomized, double blind design that consisted of 80 volvnteer non-athletic males (aged 22.2±2.2 years, height 175±5 cm, weight 71.64±9 kg, body mass index 23.2±2.2 kg/m2, and body fat 17.5±2.4%). A total of 40 participants were divided randomly into 2 groups, supplement group (receiving 0.1 g/kg Body weight/day Glutamine) and placebo group (receiving 0.1 g/kg Body weight/day Maltodextrin). Serum keratine kinase (CK) was determined by photometric method, muscle pain and knee joint range of motion were measured using, respectively, a standard scale of PAS and goniometer before, 24 and 48 hours after a resistance test involving knee flexion.
Results: Glutamine supplement consumption caused no significant differences in CK levels reduction in none of the measured times, but it reduced the muscle pain at the times of 24 and 48 hours in comparison with the placebo group. In addition, the knee joint range of motion was significantly improved at 24 hours after the test.
Conclusion: It seems that this dose of Glutamine supplementation can reduce the apparent signs apart from muscle injury indices reduction.
Somayeh Bagheri, Hossein Maghsoudi, Fatemeh Motevalli, Farahnaz Khoshdel Nezamiha, Seyed Mehdi Hasanzadeh, Reza Arabi Mianroodi,
Volume 19, Issue 3 (6-2016)
Abstract
Background: Streptokinase is one of the most common and cost effective fibrinolytic drugs for treatment of heart attacks and vein thrombosis. Unlike many advantages over other thrombolytic drugs, administration of streptokinase can produce some complications such as immunologic reactions, hemorrhage and incomplete treatment due to relative short half life. Pegylation is one of the most common methods for improving of these shortcomings.
Materials and Methods: In this study, designing a proper candidate for specific pegylation with cysteine was done by means of SPDBviewer software. After a meaning ful mutation by SOEing PCR method, mutated (sk45cys) and intact SK (ski) genes were cloned in pET26-b vector and the structures were transformed in E.coli. Clones, Afrer growing, were expressed by IpTG and exptression of proteins was confirmed by SDS-PAGE and western blotting. The proteins were purified by affinity chromatography with NiNTA columns and amidolytic activity of purified proteins was assayed using chromogenic method and different concentrations of S2251 substrate.
Results: Results of activity assays showed that amidolytic activity of SK45cys had about 10% increase in comparison to Ski, after 30 minutes of complex formation with plasminogen.
Conclusion: Generally, it was concluded that, considering cys45 as a superficial aminoacid and also relative increase of activity, SK45cys can be considered a suitable protein for specific pegylation.
Foad Asjodi, Phd, Hamid Mohebi, Ebrahim Mirzajani, Azimeh Izadi,
Volume 20, Issue 4 (7-2017)
Abstract
Abstract
Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of supplementation of Branched-Chain Amino Acids (BCAAs) plus carbohydrate (CHO) and whey protein plus CHO on muscle damage indices after eccentric resistant exercise.
Materials and Methods: Twenty four untrained healthy males participated in this study. They were randomly divided into three groups, BCAA +glucose (0.1+0.1g/kg) supplement group (n=8), Whey+glucose (0.1+0.1g/kg) supplement group (n=8), and placebo (malto dextrin 0.2g/kg) group (n=8). Each subject consumed a carbohydrate beverage with addition of whey protein or branched-chain amino acid or placebo 30 minutes before exercise in a randomized,double-blind fashion. Serum levels of Creatine Kinase (CK), Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and muscle pain were measured before, 24, 48, 72 h after exercise. Follow-up analyses included 1-way repeated measures ANOVAs, and Bonferroni post hoc comparisons.
Results: 24 h after test, serum levels of CK, LDH and muscle pain in both supplement groups were increased less than placebo group (0.015, 0.001 and 0.001, respectively). Also, the levels of CK and LDH showed significant changes in both intervention groups compared to placebo group at 24 h (0.001, 0. 015, respectively). Similarly, significant differences in the levels of CK and LDH between groups were observed.
Conclusion: These data indicate that muscle damage and pain after resistant exercise were reduced by an ingestion of either BCAA drink or whey protein drink.
Asma Mahmoodi, Farhad Ghadiri, Ali Rashidi-Pour,
Volume 21, Issue 4 (8-2018)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Stress is a powerful modulator of memory performance. Emotional arousal affects the various aspects of learning and memory through stimulation of the amygdala or the hippocampus. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of stress related acute exercise on reconsolidation of dart throwing task learned with errorless method.
Materials and Methods: Participants of the study included 60 girls with an average age of 20.5 who were randomly assigned to three groups including: target (n = 20), control (n=20), and control 2 (n = 20). On the first day, all three groups under the same conditions acquired the skill of throwing darts in an errorless method and immediately after that performed the immediate retrieval. On the second day, after memory reactivation, the target group was exposed to stress resulting of acute exercise while the control 1 group did rest. The acute stress was presented to control 2 group without memory reactivation. During the experiment, changes in salivary cortisol were measured. On the third day, the delayed memory retrieval for each of the three groups was implemented.
Findings: the results showed that while the control 1 and control 2 groups did not show enhancement of dart throwing learning across delayed memory retrieval than immediate retrieval, the target group showed substantial enhancement across the same time (p<0.05).
Conclusion: Our findings indicate that acute stress after memory reactivation can facilitate the implicit motor memory reconsolidation in women.
Mersedeh Fatemeh Yazdanbakhsh, Aboo Saeed Rashidi, Mohammad Karim Rahimi, Ramin Khajavi, Hamed Shafaroodi,
Volume 21, Issue 4 (8-2018)
Abstract
Background and Aim: The purpose of this research is to provide nanofibers from cellulose with Wheat bran as an agricultural residue and its antimicrobial activity by dipping ciprofloxacin hydrochloride on Staphylococcus aureus.
Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, cellulose disks were prepared from nano-impregnated fiber. Subsequently, these disks were placed on Staphylococcus aureus with standard paper disks and the results were measured as a non-growth zone after 24 hours. The amount of ciprofloxacin hydrochloride adsorbed in cellulose by comparing the effect of cellulosic discs containing different concentrations of antibiotics and standard ciprofloxacin disks was determined. Subsequently, the evaluation of the time of recovery of the ulcer in the skin of the rats was carried out with the drug-mediated formulation and without drug.
Findings: The disk (nano alpha-cellulosic) dipped by ciprofloxacin hydrochloride created a non-growth zone in Staphylococcus aureus. Measuring the size of the wound was done by digital imaging and the ImageJ software. The results of the recovery process were analyzed by ANOVA and pathological tests in five days.
Conclusion: The results showed that the nano-fibers disk could be useful in controlling bacteria in the culture medium, and the area of the wounds in rats (rats) dressed with nano-fibers impregnated with the drug was significantly less than the control group (p <0.05). |
Alireza Amani, Ali Kamali, Bahman Sadeghi, Ali Reza Sistani, Mahdi Tavakolizadeh, Sajad Ghodibigi, Farid Saghabi, Mojtaba Ahmadlou,
Volume 23, Issue 4 (October & November 2020)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Ankle injuries are among the most common musculoskeletal injuries in sports, accounting for 10% to 15% of all injuries. Since controlling pain and inflammation in ankle sprains is one of the main goals of treatment, we decided to compare the therapeutic effects of Cheleh daghi Herbal ointment with a common therapeutic gel such as piroxicam.
Methods & Materials: This study was performed as a double-blinded clinical trial for 6 months from January 2019 to August 2019. After referral, all patients completed the consent form, and the patient's details and study variables were recorded by the evaluator in the research form. To measure joint inflammation, we measured the ankle with a meter tape in the ankle area (cm) and recorded. A goniometer was also used to measure the degree of ankle movements. The symptoms of ankle ecchymosis were also checked by physical examination and observation and recorded in the checklist. Statistical analysis was performed in SPSS V. 18 using statistical tests (the Mann-Whitney U test, the Chi-square, and the independent t-test).
Ethical Considerations: The Research Ethics Committee of Arak University of Medical Sciences approved the study (Code: IR.ARAKMU.REC.1396.55) and registered by the Clinical Trial (Code: IRCT2017071720258N53).
Results: The Mean±SD age in the control group was 34.2±8.6 years, and in the case group was 35.4±8.9 years. There was no statistically significant difference according to the Mann-Whitney U test (P<0.05). Also, the Mean±SD height in the control group was 1.7±0.12 m and in the case group was 1.72±0.11 m. The results also showed a statistically significant difference between the two groups studied before and after the intervention regarding the mean indicators of pain, swelling, and inflammation around the joints (P<0.05).
Conclusion: The results of our study showed that Cheleh daghi Herbal ointment for 3 weeks could be more effective in reducing local pain and inflammation than piroxicam gel treatment.
Zahra Zarimoghadam, Hosein Davoodi, Khalil Ghafari, Hamidreza Jamilian,
Volume 24, Issue 1 (April & May 2021)
Abstract
Background and Aim: The development of any society depends on the educational system of that society. The educational system can be efficient and successful when considering the academic performance of learners in different courses. This study aimed to investigate the effects of mental self-care education on students’ mental health and academic motivation.
Methods & Materials: This was a quasi-experimental study with unequal control and experimental groups. The statistical population of this study was students referring to school counseling centers; 40 of them (n=20/group) were selected by random sampling method. The Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale - 21 Items (DASS-21), and Academic Performance Rating Scale were used to collect the necessary data. Psychological self-care training was presented to the experimental group in ten 2-hour sessions. Then, a posttest was conducted on the study groups. Data analysis was performed using Multivariate Analysis of Covariance (MANCOVA).
Ethical Considerations: This article was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Islamic Azad University, Khomeini Branch (Code: IR.IAU.ARAK.REC.1399.001).
Results: The obtained findings indicated that mental self-care education was effective on students’ mental health (P<0.05). Furthermore, psychological self-care education was ineffective on students’ academic motivation.
Conclusion: Mental self-care education was used to improve mental health; however, this training did not affect academic motivation in the examined subjects.
Fatemeh Kermanshahi, Mehdi Zare Bahramabadi, Hasan Heidari, Hossain Davoodi,
Volume 25, Issue 2 (June & July 2022)
Abstract
Background and Aim Old age is a critical period in life. Due to advances in technologies and improvement in healthy conditions, the number of aged population is increasing. Hence, it is necessary to pay attention to their life satisfaction and attitudes towards aging. The present study aims to assess the effectiveness of a psychological empowerment program on life satisfaction and attitude towards aging in older women living in Tehran, Iran.
Methods & Materials The study population consists of all women aged 60-70 years referred to a charity foundation in Tehran, Iran in 2020. Of these, 24 women were selected by a convenience sampling method. They were randomly assigned to the intervention (n=12) and control (n=12) groups. Using a pre-test/post-test design, the elderly first completed the life satisfaction index-Z and the attitude towards aging questionnaire. Then, the experimental group received the psychological empowerment program at 8 sessions. After the intervention, the questionnaires were completed again by both groups. Multivariate analysis of covariance was used to analyze the collected data in SPSS software, version 19.
Ethical Considerations This study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of Islamic Azad University of Arak Branch (Code: IR.IAU.ARAK.REC.1400.027).
Results There was a significant difference in life satisfaction (F=9.673, P=0.006) and attitudes towards aging (F=8.385, P=0.009) between the two groups. The psychological empowerment program significantly improved life satisfaction and attitudes towards aging in older women.
Conclusion The psychological empowerment program is effective in improving life satisfaction and attitude towards aging in older women living in Tehran. It can be used by experts in the fields of counseling, geriatrics, psychology, and health.
Dr Rahmatolah Khosravanpoor, Dr Mahnoush Mahmoodi, Mr Marzieh Khosravanpoor, Dr Mahnoush Reisi,
Volume 25, Issue 4 (October & November 2022)
Abstract
Introduction: The use of digital games is highly prevalent among adolescents and can adversely affect their physical and mental health. The aim of this study was to determine the predictors of the stages of change in problematic digital games in high school students using a transtheoretical model.
Methods: This descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study was performed on 703 high school students in Bushehr 2020. A valid and reliable researcher-made questionnaire was performed for data gathering and analyzed using SPSS ver. 22 by descriptive indices, one-way ANOVA, chi-square, and rank ordered logistic regression. The present research was approved at Research Ethical Committee of Bushehr University of Medical Sciences (Code: IR.BPUMS.REC.1398.101).
Results: According to the results, self-efficacy, dramatic relief and social freedom were the predictors of the change stages of reducing and quitting digital games. This means that girls and students with higher self-efficacy (P = 0.037, OR = 1.054), have a better chance of being in higher stages of change and by increasing a unit of dramatic relief score (P = 0.025, OR = 1) and social freedom (OR = 1.135, P <0.001), the chances of individuals to be in the upper stages of change increased.
Conclusions: It seems that the design of educational interventions based on self-efficacy variables and taking into account the change processes of dramatic relief and social freedom, which increase the chances of people to be placed in higher stages of change, in reducing the behavior of digital games of students, especially for boys will be effective.
Habib Rezaei, Soad Mahfoozpour, Somayeh Hesam, Eiravan Masoodi Asl,
Volume 27, Issue 2 (5-2024)
Abstract
Introduction: Traffic accidents are a principal challenge in the injury and death of people in Iran and many other countries, which has made the formulation of necessary strategies and planning for inter-sectoral cooperation to prevent and reduce traffic accidents undeniable. Therefore, this research was conducted to investigate the dimensions of inter-sectoral collaboration in preventing traffic accidents in Iran.
Methods: This research is a qualitative study that was conducted in 2023. In this study, sampling was done in a targeted manner, and 15 people from the statistical population were interviewed. The statistical population of the research at this stage included executive managers, traffic police, field activists, and public institutions active in the field of traffic accidents in Central Province and Tehran, who, due to the relevance of their job field, were informed or participated in intersectoral cooperation in line with the management of accidents and traffic accidents were included in the study. Data were collected and analyzed through structured interviews, and their coding was done with the help of MAXQDA 11 software.
Results: The study identified and extracted eight main dimensions of intersectoral cooperation in preventing traffic accidents. These dimensions include laws and law enforcement, research and development, information and data management, internal and external coordination, crisis management, education and awareness, roads, and vehicles.
Conclusions: Providing platforms for promoting the development and expansion of inter-sectoral cooperation in accident prevention and traffic accidents can have various benefits, including long-term social, political, economic and, well-being. Therefore, based on the findings of the research, it is suggested to design an intersectoral cooperation model for the prevention of accidents and traffic accidents so that traffic accidents can be reduced to the minimum possible with proper planning and design so that we can witness the highest level of effectiveness and efficiency in this area.
Zahra Juodi, Zahra Fakur, Ali Aagayar Makouii, Rasool Gareaghaji Asl,
Volume 28, Issue 1 (3-2025)
Abstract
Introduction: One of the most common problems in newborns is apnea of prematurity. Given the importance of preventing apnea in very premature infants, the present study was designed and conducted to investigate the preventive effect of caffeine on reducing the frequency of apnea events in very premature infants.
Methods: This randomized, double-blind, controlled clinical trial was conducted on premature infants hospitalized in the neonatal intensive care unit of Shahid Motahari Hospital in Urmia. Infants were randomly divided into two intervention and control groups. The intervention group received intravenous caffeine at an initial dose of 20 mg/kg and a maintenance dose of 5 mg/kg for 14 days. In contrast, the control group received an equal volume of normal saline intravenously for the same period. Apnea events, cyanosis attacks, and bradycardia were recorded by the researchers in a standard checklist.
Results: Of the 50 infants in each group, 2% of the caffeine and 4% of the control group required prolonged oxygen therapy, respectively. Also, 6% of the caffeine group and 4% of the control group experienced intraventricular hemorrhage. In addition, 4% of the caffeine group and 2% of the control group required surgery to close the patent ductus arteriosus, and 14% of the caffeine group and 18% of the control group experienced apneic events. However, there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups regarding the incidence of apneic events (P = 0.58). Ultimately, 20% of the caffeine group and 14% of the control group died.
Conclusions: Although the findings of the present study were not statistically significant, they indicate a decrease in the frequency of apnea events in the group of premature infants receiving caffeine compared to the control group.
