Showing 229 results for Men
Masoume Abbasi, Zabihollah Gharlipour, Ahmad Rahbar, Mr. Shahram Arsang-Jang, Ali Ebraze, Zohre Kazazlou,
Volume 21, Issue 6 (12-2018)
Abstract
Background and Aim: In Iran, one quarter of couples experience infertility, which can affect various aspects of their marital life. The aim of this study was to compare psychological characteristics in fertile and infertile women referring to health centers and an infertility center in Qom.
Materials and Methods: This descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study was carried out on 160 women. of all, 80 women were selected via simple random sampling method and were among those in reproductive age who referred to health centers to receive routine childcare services. The other 80 women were selected via simple random sampling method among infertile women who referred to the infertility center. The required data were collected using standard anxiety, depression, and marital adjustment questionnaires. Data were entered into SPSS V.20 software and were analyzed using Fisher’s exact test, independent t-test and Chi-square.
Findings: There were a significant difference between the two groups in terms of the mean scores of depression (p=0.005), anxiety (p=0.02), and marital adjustment (p=0.01), as the mean score of depression and anxiety was higher in fertile women than in infertile women. However, the mean score of marital adjustment was higher in infertile women than in fertile women.
Conclusion: Since fertility can be dependent on psychological factors and other underlying factors of an individual, therefore, it is necessary to consider the educational needs of fertile and infertile women. |
Bahman Aalizadeh, Nazanin Dostikhah, Farzad Mohammadi,
Volume 21, Issue 7 (2-2019)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Children with mental disability have delayed object control motor skills. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of selective physical practice intervention on object control skills of 7-10 year old children with mental disability.
Materials and Methods: In this quasi-experiment study, 30 children aged 7-10 years with mental disability were selected from mentally disabled care centers of Ahvaz based on available time sampling and randomly classified in two experimental (height, 128.8±14.8; weight, 29±9.12) or control (height, 126. 5±15.7; weight, 31.12±28.2) groups. Then, they were evaluated by gross motor development subscales in pre-test. Participants in the experimental group trained 3 times a week, 45 mins each session in motor skill training programs for 8 weeks. Children in the control group, on the other hand, performed typical school activities and were not involved in regular sport training. A post-test was conducted after training period. Statistical analysis was done with one way-anova and paired T test using SPSS v. 20 software. The significant level was set at p< 0.05.
Ethical Considerations: This study was approved in Research Ethics Committee of Sport Sciences Research Institute with the code IR.SSRI.REC.1397.390.
Findings: The results revealed that 8-week selective physical practice significantly affected object control variables such as striking a ball with hand (p=0.001), dribbling (p=0.001), catching (p=0.001) and throwing (p=0.001), however it did not affect striking a ball with foot (p=0.001) and rolling significantly (p=0.001).
Conclusion: According to the finding of the present study, physical practice intervention seems to improve object control skills in children with mental disability.
Esmail Asadpour, Saied Veisi,
Volume 21, Issue 7 (2-2019)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Marital and sexual problems of chronic patients, especially diabetes, that often are ignored, need special attention to proper treatment. The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy on marital satisfaction, sexual self-esteem and burnout martial among women with type 2 diabetes.
Materials and Methods: This study was a quasi-experimental research design with pretest-posttest and control group. The statistical population included women with type 2 diabetes in the city of Tehran. 30 patients were chosen as samples and randomly were divided into two groups of individuals as control and experimental. The experimental groups practiced the acceptance and commitment therapy 8 sessions and 60 minutes in each session. Then, post-test was performed for them. For data collecting, the marital satisfaction scale of Enrich (1993), sexual self-esteem scale of Doyle, Zeanah and Schwarz (1996) and burnout martial questionnaire of Pines (1993) were used. Data analysis was done by using multivariate analysis of multi covariance.
Ethical Considerations: This study with research ethics code IR.KHU.REC.1397.5 has been approved by research ethics committee at Kharazmi university of Tehran, Iran.
Findings: Results illustrated that after acceptance and commitment therapy, amounts of marital satisfaction and sexual self-esteem were significantly increased in experimental than control group (p<0.05). Also, acceptance and commitment therapy decreased burnout martial among women with type 2 diabetes significantly (p<0.05).
Conclusion: Acceptance and commitment therapy can be used as an effective psychological intervention on marital satisfaction, sexual self-esteem and burnout martial among women with type 2 diabetes.
Zahra Zare Bidaki , Mohammad Mahdi Jahangiri,
Volume 21, Issue 7 (2-2019)
Abstract
Background and Aim: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of acceptance-based treatment on psychological flexibility of mothers of children with autism disorder.
Materials and Methods: This study was a quasi-experimental pretest-posttest with control group. The statistical population of the present study included mothers with autistic children referring to the autism community in Qom city at 2017. According to the semi-experimental design and Criteria for research, a sample of 30 patients (each group of 15) was selected voluntarily. Samples were randomly assigned to two experimental and control groups. The experimental group received 8 sessions of "acceptance and commitment therapy. The instrument for collecting information included the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire-II (AAQ-II). Data were analyzed by SPSS software using covariance.
Ethical Considerations: This study with research ethics code IR.IAU.ARAK.REC.1396.39 has been approved by research ethics committee at Islamic Azad University of Mahallat, Iran.
Findings: Based on study findings, the acceptance- and commitment-based therapy had significant impact on psychological flexibility in mothers of children with autism.
Conclusion: Based on the findings, it can be concluded that acceptance and commitment therapy is effective in improving the mental health of mothers with childhood autism.
Masoud Rezagholizamenjany, Parsa Yousefichaijan,
Volume 21, Issue 7 (2-2019)
Abstract
Nephrotic syndrome
Nephrotic syndrome is a manifestation of glomerular disease as a proteinuria in the nephrotic and triad of hypoalbuminemia, edema, hyperlipidemia, and high protein in the urine. Nephrotic proteinuria is defined as protein excretion of more than 40 mg/m2 of body surface per hour or protein to creatinine ratio of more than 2-3 at the first morning urine sample. Its annual incidence in most western countries is 2-3 cases per 100000 children per year, and in developing countries it is often higher due to malaria (1). New findings in this area are often about treatment, which are evaluated and reviewed in following.
Arash Zandipayam, Iran Davoudi, Mahnaz Mehrabizade Honarmand,
Volume 22, Issue 1 (4-2019)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Online games are one of a kind of Internet games that, due to increasing awareness of the people and especially young people with the Internet, increasing the speed of the Internet and the availability of mobile Internet through smartphones, especially among boys, it has become so sweeping. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between family emotional atmosphere and mental health with addiction to online game.
Materials and Methods: This study is descriptive correlational. The population consisted of all bachelor student of Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz in 2013-2014 academic year. The research sample consisted of 192 student of who were selected using multi stage cluster sampling. To collect data, online game addiction (OGA) scale & the family's emotional atmosphere (FEA) scale and mental health (GHQ) scale were used.
Ethical Considerations: This study with research ethics code 94228369 was approved in Research Ethics Committee of Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Iran.
Findings: The results show that there is a positive and significant correlation between the emotional atmosphere of the family and online addiction
(p <0. 01), and the overall score of mental health and addiction to online games (p <0. 01). Also, the results of regression analysis indicated that the family's emotional atmosphere could predict 0.30 variance of online addiction.
Conclusion: The results of this study, while confirming the relationship between addiction to online games with mental health, emphasize the importance of the family environment in increasing the extent of addiction to the game.
Farzaneh Jajarmi, Ahmad Jonidi Jafari, Majid Kermani, Mitra Gholami,
Volume 22, Issue 1 (4-2019)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Dust was considered by researchers as one of the most important forms of air pollution. The aim of this study was to identify the physical and chemical characteristics of dust storm sources in Tehran.
Materials and methods: This study was conducted in selected air sampling stations of Tehran, in the days of dust and ordinary from January 2016 for one year. The concentration of dust particles was determined by gravimetric. Heavy metal concentrations in samples after digestion were determined with graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS-GF). Mineralogy and morphology of the dust fall particles were inspected using X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy and sources particles using Enrichment Factor Analysis and principal component analysis (PCA) were performed. For statistical analysis, R software was used.
Ethical Considerations: This study with research ethics code IR.IUMS.REC.1397.313 has been approved by research ethics committee at Iran University of Medical Sciences.
Findngs: The highest average particle concentration in normal days was related to the central station (122.63 µg / m3), and the lowest for the East Station (67.13 µg / m3). The highest concentrations of the elements measured in the particles are related to iron and aluminum and the lowest concentrations of chromium and nickel. Lowest amount of Enrichment Factor was obtained for iron, less than one.
Conclusion: The results of this study indicated that the concentration of dust in center was higher than other station. Natural and human resources both play a significant role in the release of metals. By conducting further studies on the source of dust in Tehran and using the results, effective control measures can be designed and implemented.
Somaye Delavar, Niloofar Shadmehri, Hamid Dalvand,
Volume 22, Issue 1 (4-2019)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Children with cerebral palsy (CP) may have musculoskeletal disorder due to inappropriate position during sleep. The aim of this study was to design the equipment for sleep positioning of children with CP.
Materials and Methods: This research was a designing device study for sleep positioning of children with CP. The design was carried out in three stages: needs assessment, develop an idea and final design. Seventeen children with CP aged 2-12 year olds at the levels of III to V Gross Motor Function Classification System Expanded and Revised (GMFCSE&R) were recruited from Tehran and Karaj rehabilitation clinics by a convenience sampling strategy. For data collection, some demographic questionnaire and GMFCS E&R were used.
Ethical Considerations: This study was approved in Research Ethics Committee of Faculty of Applied Arts at Tehran University of Art with the code IR. ART U.REC.1394.118.
Findings: In the process of needs assessment, a researcher made questionnaire and pictures of sleep positioning children with CP when they were sleeping were used. In developing an idea stage, the free and creative ideas under the name of black box, as well as, Etudes at the transparency stage were presented as the combination of creative ideas. In the final design stage, by using superior materials, positioning and packaging, we achieved a superior design.
Conclusion: The proposed plan is designed as an interventional tool based on the need of Iranian children with CP and there is no similar national or international device available. The final design of the sleeping equipment includes a set of mattresses and a variety of modular styling devices based on a family centered approach, so that, allow parents to active engagement during sleep and rest of their children and can help the children to assume the proper positions.
Tooraj Sepahvand,
Volume 22, Issue 2 (6-2019)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Depression and social anxiety are prevalent disorders in children, that are related to cognitive pathology of parents. This research has been conducted with the aim of comparing depression and social anxiety in primary school children of normal mothers with high and low levels of cognitive flexibility.
Materials and Methods: This research was a causal-comparative design study. The population of the research was all the fourth to sixth grade of primary school children of Arak city (and their mothers) in 2016-2017 years. For selecting the research sample, the method of convenience sampling was used. Thus, based on scores of mothers in Cognitive Flexibility Scale, two groups of mothers with high and low levels of cognitive flexibility were selected, and the scores of their children that responsed to Children’s Depression Inventory and Social Anxiety Scale for Children and Adolescents, were compared by Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA).
Ethical Considerations: This study with research ethics code IR.ARAKMU.REC.1397.298 has been approved by research ethics committee at Arak University of Medical Sciences.
Findings:The results indicated significant difference in the liner composition of dependent variables of two groups. (wilks, lambda= 0.892, F97,2= 14.474, p< 0.000). Univariate analysis of variance indicated that the children of mothers with low level of cognitive flexibility have more depression and social anxiety compared to children of mothers with high level of cognitive flexibility.
Conclusion: In general, cognitive flexibility of mothers is related to depression and social anxiety of children, probably by ability to perceive difficult situations as controllable, perceive alternative explanations of human behaviors and generate alternative solutions to difficult situations of responding to children. Therefore, mothers need to be more educated and refined in their cognitive flexibility so that they can cause more improvement in depression and social anxiety of children.
Aziz Eghbali, Hasan Taher Ahmadi, Shahla Zabihzadeh, Morteza Mousavi Hasanzadeh,
Volume 22, Issue 3 (8-2019)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Cancer is the second cause of death in children under fourteen years old. The aim of this study was to determine the epidemiology and predisposing factors of childhood cancers.
Materials and Methods: This observational-descriptive study was performed on 82 children in the oncology department of Amir-kabir Hospital in Arak who were referred between 2011 and 2016. Data on age, sex, type of malignancy and predisposing factors were carried out by person interviews or patient records and were registered in checklist and analyzed.
Ethical Considerations: This study with research ethics code IR.ARAKMU.REC.2.46.87 has been approved by research ethics committee at Arak University of Medical Sciences.
Findings: The results showed that 56.1 percentage of patients were aged 0-5 years, 74.1 percentage were urban, 90.2 percentage were alive, 99 percentage were singleton, 92.7 percentage full term, 46.3 percentage of them were the first children and 87.9% of them had birth weight over 2500 g. There was no significant relationship between the delivery method and delivery problems, the sex of the patients, the environmental factors (such as consuming canned food, sausages, insecticide use, drug use during pregnancy and the rate of infectious diseases), However, there was a direct relationship between the increased age of parents and the high socioeconomic level with the risk of cancer.
Conclusion: The risk of childhood cancers in Markazi province is more related to genetic factors and the environmental factors causing cancers in children are less involved in this study.
Mohammad Malekipoya, Bahram Abedi, Mohammad Reza Palizvan, Abbas Saremi,
Volume 22, Issue 3 (8-2019)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Extensive prevalence of myocardial infraction, and an increase of 36% in total deaths due to it by 2020, and attention to the causes and methods of alternative therapy is very important. There are different ways in treating these patients that endurance training is one of them. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of 8 weeks of incremental endurance training on serum levels of TSP-1 and MMP-1 in male Wistar rats with myocardial infarction.
Materials and Methods: In this controled experimental study with control group, 20 rats weighing 230 ±30 g (8-week-old) were randomly divided into incremental endurance training and control, after induction of infarction with Isoproteronol (150 mg/kg). The training group performed an 8-week training session (3 sessions a week, for 20 to 50 minutes at 12 to 18 meters per minute).Then, 24 hours later, the venous blood sample was collected to evaluate serum concentrations of TSP-1 and MMP-1 and transferred to the laboratory. Independent t-test was used to analyze the data at a significant level of p <0.05 to Graphed Pad software.
Ethical Considerations: This study with research ethics code IR.IAU.ARAK.REC.1397.007 was approved in Research Ethics Committee of Islamic Azad University, Arak branch, Iran.
Findings: The results showed that endurance training significantly increased serum MMP1 levels (p = 0.048) in rats with myocardial infraction, while there was no significant effect (p = 0.092) on the exercise program in serum TSP-1 levels.
Conclusion: the result of this study suggests that increasing endurance training may increase MMP-1 in rats with myocardial infraction, which can play an important role in angiogenesis and replacement of capillaries.
Atieh Sadat Danesh, Fatemeh Nojavan,
Volume 23, Issue 1 (3-2020)
Abstract
Background and Aim: From the viewpoint of Iranian Traditional Medicine (ITM), hemorrhoidal bleeding is not only an organic disease; it also indicates the quality and quantity of blood and temperaments in the body. According to this view, bleeding from different areas has several causes, two important causes of which are: a. vascular hyperemia and consequent blooding in bleeding-prone areas, and b. changes in blood quality that cause the arteries to open and bleed. This study, by reporting a case of hemorrhoidal bleeding, is an evidence of some therapeutic principles in ITM.
Case Report: Patient was a 39-year-old married woman with four children and warm-wet temperament complaining of heavy menstrual bleeding for one year. After three months of herbal drug administration, menstrual bleeding became normal. One month later, she had hemorrhoidal bleeding. Her bleeding was treated based on ITM method by removing the black bile (Soda) from the body, phlebotomy and leech therapy around the anus.
Ethical Considerations: This study has been approved by the Research Ethics Committee of Arak University of Medical Sciences with code: IR.MUQ.REC.1396.110.
Conclusion: Based on ITM, it seems that the cause of hemorrhoidal bleeding in this case is vascular hyperemia and poor blood quality following symptomatic treatment of heavy menstrual bleeding.
Zohreh Dehghani, Reza Tajik, Ramin Zare,
Volume 23, Issue 1 (3-2020)
Abstract
Background and Aim: High occupational stress reduces the workers’ concentrations and decision-making power. In industries with high risks in term of exposure to hazards, there may be negative consequence. This study aimed to investigate relationship between Occupational Stress (OS) and the job-related risks in the steel industry.
Methods & Materials: This is a descriptive-analytical study with cross-sectional design carried out in a steel industry located in Lorestan province of Iran in 2017. For risk and OS assessments, the Melbourne University’s 3D risk assessment model and the United Kingdom's Health and Safety Executive (HSE) questionnaire were used. Statistical analysis was performed by using Pearson correlation and Kruskal-Wallis tests in SPSS V. 22.
Ethical Considerations: This study was approved by Ethics Committee of Arak University of Medical Sciences with the Code: IR.NREC.007.1394.05.
Results: A total of 182 job-related risks were identified for 14 job titles. 19.3% of subjects had high OS level. The risk rank had a statistically significant correlation with overall OS score (P=0.03), and OS dimensions of control (P=0.02) and demand (P=0.02). There was no significant difference between the mean OS score and age, work experience, educational level.
Conclusion: Due to the relationship of risk amount and OS among workers in the steel industry, Planning to control stressors in the workplace and managing occupational risks by reducing the likelihood and consequence of job-related risks seems essential.
Yalda Mirmoeini, Hamid Sarlak, Shima Normohammadi, Afrooz Nakhostin, Zohreh Salimi,
Volume 23, Issue 2 (5-2020)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Parental acceptance is an important parameter in selecting the proper behavior management technique during pediatric dental treatment. The present study aimed to compare the effects of different informing methods on acceptance of parents about behavior management techniques used in pediatric dentistry.
Methods & Materials: This quasi-experimental study was conducted on one 162 parents of 3-7-year-old uncooperative children who were candidates for dental treatment. They were randomly divided into three groups. Their acceptance about six behavior management techniques including general anesthesia, voice control, hand-over-mouth, parental separation, active and passive physical restraint were assessed by a questionnaire. After determining the level of acceptance, the information about the techniques was presented through three ways include writing, verbal and visual methods. Finally, their acceptance of each technique and the reasons for non-acceptance were re-evaluated. Data were analyzed in SPSS v.23 software using ANOVA and t-test.
Ethical Considerations: This study obtained its ethical approval from the Research Ethics Committee of Arak University of Medical Sciences under code: IR.ARAKMU.REC.1398.102.
Results: The informing methods significantly increased the parents’ acceptance about behavior management techniques. According to the ANOVA results, the effect of visual presentation method in general anesthesia technique was significantly lower than that of other methods (P<0.05), while its effect in active physical restraint technique was significantly greater than that of other methods (P<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference between the effects of informing methods in other behavior management techniques.
Conclusion: Informing parents about pediatric behavior management techniques increase their acceptance. Informing by visual presentation is the most effective method for increasing their acceptance of physical restraint technique, while in their acceptance of general anesthesia technique other informing methods are more effective
Ali Esfahani, Shirin Zeinali, Roghayeh Kiani,
Volume 23, Issue 2 (5-2020)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women which leaves a profound impact on their psychosocial health and pain experience. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of group psychotherapy based on Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) on pain-related anxiety and cognitive emotion regulation of women with breast cancer.
Methods & Materials: In this quasi-experimental study, subjects were 68 women with breast cancer refereed to Shahid Ghazi Hospitalin Tabriz, Iran who were selected using a convenience sampling method. Then, they were randomly assigned into two groups of intervention (n = 34) and control (n = 34). The intervention group underwent eight 90-min sessions of ACT-based group therapy, while the control group received no any intervention. They completed Pain Anxiety Symptom Scale Short Form and Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire before and one week after treatment. Collected ata were analyzed by using t test, chi-square test, ANCOA and MANCOVA.
Ethical Considerations This study has obtained its ethical approval from the Research Ethics Committee of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences (code: IR.TBZMED.REC.1397.287) and has been registered by Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (code: IRCT2017100615590N5).
Results: The ACT-based intervention improved the dimensions of pain-related anxiety (8.44±1.5) and cognitive regulation of negative (8.40±3.5) and positive (8.39±7.5) affects (P<0.001).
Conclusion: ACT-based intervention can help breast cancer patients to accept their negative thoughts and current conditions.
Touhid Khanvari, Faramarz Sardari, Babak Rezaei,
Volume 23, Issue 3 (8-2020)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Exercise aerobic is associated with increased creatine kinase and blood lactate immediately after exercise, leading to increased muscle damage and undesirable changes in many cellular markers including serum creatine kinase. In such situations, consuming nutrients and supplements such as coenzyme Q10 may prevent metabolic stress damage by increasing buffering power. However, comprehensive studies have not been performed on the effects of this nutrient on the index of muscle injury and fatigue caused by exercise.
Methods & Materials: For this purpose, 20 inactive volunteer men were randomly divided into two groups of 10-person Coenzyme Q10 supplement (2.5 mg/kg body weight) and quasi-drug (2.5 mg/kg body weight Dextrose). All subjects participated in the Bruce test exercise contract after 14 days of supplementation. Blood sampling was performed in four stages including baseline, after supplementation, immediately after exercise and two hours after exercise. Creatine kinase, lactate and cortisol indices of both groups were measured during these four stages. Data were analyzed by means of standard deviation and repeated measures ANOVA, Bonferroni post hoc and Independent T-test using SPSS V. 17 at the significant level of 0.05.
Ethical Considerations: This article has been approved by the ethics committee of Tabriz School of Medical Sciences with the ethics code IRCT 201203104663N8.
Results: The results showed that 14 days of Coenzyme Q10 supplementation had a significant effect on cortisol level (P<0.05). In addition, one session of exhausting aerobic activity increased creatinine kinase and lactate (P<0.05). On the other hand, creatinine kinase did not differ significantly after exercise (P>0.05).
Conclusion: According to the results of the present study, 14-day supplementation of Coenzyme Q10 may reduce the cellular damage induced by exhaustive aerobic activity in inactive men and prevent an increase in blood lactate levels.
Seyed Mahmoud Tabatabaei, Gholamreza Chalabainloo,
Volume 23, Issue 4 (9-2020)
Abstract
Background and Aim: This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of resiliency training on positive and negative affect and reduce the psychological distress in mothers of children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD).
Methods & Materials: The research method was semi-experimental with and pre-test, post-test design with the control group. The statistical population of this study included all mothers of children with ADHD in Tabriz in 2020, among which 30 were selected by convenience sampling method, were randomly assigned to experimental, and control groups. The research tools included the Positive and Negative Affect Scale and Anxiety, Depression, and Stress Questionnaires.
Ethical Considerations: The Ethics Committee of the Islamic Azad University of Tabriz Branch approved this study (Code: IR.IAU.TABRIZ.REC.1398.062).
Results: The results of 9 sessions with 90 minutes of group resilience training (taken from Henderson & Milstein, 2003) showed that resiliency training leads to an increase in positive affect and a decrease in negative affect, as well as a decrease in psychological distress in mothers of children with ADHD.
Conclusion: These results suggest that resiliency education can be effective as an educational-therapeutic approach to increase positive emotions and decrease negative emotions and mental disorders in mothers of children with childhood disorders.
Alireza Amani, Ali Kamali, Bahman Sadeghi, Ali Reza Sistani, Mahdi Tavakolizadeh, Sajad Ghodibigi, Farid Saghabi, Mojtaba Ahmadlou,
Volume 23, Issue 4 (9-2020)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Ankle injuries are among the most common musculoskeletal injuries in sports, accounting for 10% to 15% of all injuries. Since controlling pain and inflammation in ankle sprains is one of the main goals of treatment, we decided to compare the therapeutic effects of Cheleh daghi Herbal ointment with a common therapeutic gel such as piroxicam.
Methods & Materials: This study was performed as a double-blinded clinical trial for 6 months from January 2019 to August 2019. After referral, all patients completed the consent form, and the patient's details and study variables were recorded by the evaluator in the research form. To measure joint inflammation, we measured the ankle with a meter tape in the ankle area (cm) and recorded. A goniometer was also used to measure the degree of ankle movements. The symptoms of ankle ecchymosis were also checked by physical examination and observation and recorded in the checklist. Statistical analysis was performed in SPSS V. 18 using statistical tests (the Mann-Whitney U test, the Chi-square, and the independent t-test).
Ethical Considerations: The Research Ethics Committee of Arak University of Medical Sciences approved the study (Code: IR.ARAKMU.REC.1396.55) and registered by the Clinical Trial (Code: IRCT2017071720258N53).
Results: The Mean±SD age in the control group was 34.2±8.6 years, and in the case group was 35.4±8.9 years. There was no statistically significant difference according to the Mann-Whitney U test (P<0.05). Also, the Mean±SD height in the control group was 1.7±0.12 m and in the case group was 1.72±0.11 m. The results also showed a statistically significant difference between the two groups studied before and after the intervention regarding the mean indicators of pain, swelling, and inflammation around the joints (P<0.05).
Conclusion: The results of our study showed that Cheleh daghi Herbal ointment for 3 weeks could be more effective in reducing local pain and inflammation than piroxicam gel treatment.
Ali Hojabr Rajeooni, Parvaneh Mehrbod,
Volume 23, Issue 5 (11-2020)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is one of the most important viral diseases in the current decade which has caused widespread crisis worldwide. The disease was first reported on December 8, 2019 in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China, in the patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome. On January 8, 2020, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in China identified the virus, and it was named 2019-nCoV by the World Health Organization (WHO). The name of the disease was later changed to COVID-19. According to the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses, the virus is called SARS-CoV-2 which belongs to the family of Coronaviridae. The viruses of this family have caused outbreaks in several countries (SARS in 2003 and MERS in 2013) which have led to death and economic loss.
Methods & Materials: In this review study, COVID-19 was studied from various aspects including evolutionary process and molecular biology of its virus. The selected articles were examined based on the information available in the WHO database. SARS-CoV-2 proteins were identified molecularly and functionally using data analysis and bioinformatics methods, and then related drugs and their effects on virus replication and inhibition were investigated.
Ethical Considerations: All ethical principles were observed in this study.
Results: Studies on the structure of SARS-CoV-2 and drug therapies to inhibit the disease progression showed that the use of different pharmaceutical strategies is effective in treating COVID-19 depending on the progression of the disease. Molecular studies showed that the use of nucleoside analogues and protease inhibitors is effective in the course of the disease and intravenous immunoglobulin, aminoquinoline compounds, TMPRSS2 inhibitors and viral S protein can be effective in the early stages of disease.
Conclusion: In order to control COVID-19, it is very important to study the structure of SARS-CoV-2 virus and its biology in the body. It is essential to identify the drugs that affect the virus based on its biological structure. Due to the structural changes of the virus and successive mutations in the virus genome as well as the emergence of resistant strains or highly contagious strains, further studies on the structure of SARS-CoV-2 and its changes in the body are recommended for designing pharmaceutical and therapeutic strategies. These strategies varies according to the stage of the disease, such that some drugs prevent the virus from entering the target cells in the early stages of the disease and other drugs, in combination with the virus’ surface glycoproteins, prevent the virus antigen from binding to receptors in the host cells. In the late stages of the disease, antiviral drugs including protease inhibitors and nucleoside analogues, interfere with the replication and structure of the virus. Due to intermittent changes in the virus and the development of drug-resistant viruses, it is important to continuously review virological and clinical studies and the performance of existing drugs against SARS-CoV-2.
Niloofar Agharezaee, Flora Forouzesh,
Volume 23, Issue 5 (11-2020)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Coronaviruses are a large family of viruses that cause disease in humans and animals. Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an acute respiratory infectious disease caused by a new coronavirus. The World Health Organization has declared this infectious disease as a global pandemic.
Objective: This study aims to review the latest research advances in genetics, pathogenicity, and clinical features of COVID-19, as well as current therapies to combat this disease.
Methods & Materials: This is a systematic review study on articles published from 2010 to 2020 by searching in reputable databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, Web of Science, and ScienceDirect.
Ethical Considerations: Ethical principles have been observed in accordance with the guidelines of the National Ethics Committee and the COPE regulations.
Results: Examining the genome and genetic studies of the virus, it can be said that there are many similarities between different coronavirus types, but there are differences in their genomic and phenotypic structures that can affect their pathogenesis. Re-use of existing therapeutic drugs, previously designed for other infections and viral pathologies is currently the only practical approach to fight COVID-19. The tests for SARS-CoV-2 genome-specific vaccines and the therapeutic antibodies are currently being tested, but they require a long-term process and complete safety testing.
Conclusion: Rapid diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection is the basis of disease control. There is currently no specific antiviral drug approved for SARS-CoV-2 infection. Therefore, preventive measures are necessary to stop and control the spread of COVID-19, according to genetic studies and the obtaining knowledge of the molecular mechanism of this virus.
