Showing 318 results for Ahi
Mohsen Golnari Maranni, Mohammad Rabbani Khourasgani, Mohammad Ali Asadollahi, Rasoul Shafiei,
Volume 19, Issue 11 (2-2017)
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Prevalence extension of antibiotic resistant bacteria has raised concerns about control of infections especially nosocomial infections. Many attempts have been done to replace antibiotics or limit their use. The use of antimicrobial agents produced by bacteria as antibiotic replacement has been promising in recent years. The goal of this study was to isolate Bacillus strains and evaluate their antimicrobial activity against some standard pathogens and clinical antibiotic resistant strains.
Materials and Methods: In the present study, Bacillus strains were isolated from various resources and identified by 16S rDNA PCR method. Then, the phylogenetic tree of the isolates was constructed and antimicrobial activity of the isolates was investigated against some standard pathogens and clinical antibiotic resistant strains using spotting and well diffusion methods.
Results: Eight Bacillus strains were isolated from 15 different samples. Based on the molecular identification, the isolates were identified as B.pumilus, B.coagulans, B.licheniformis, B.endophitycus and B.amiloliquefaciens. The results showed that isolates have antimicrobial activity against meticilin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, vancomycin resistant enterococci, Klebsiella, Acinetobacter, Salmonella, Shigella, Listeria, Streptococcus and Escherichia coli.
Conclusion: In this study, isolated Bacillus strains produced antimicrobial agents against pathogens and antibiotic resistant strains and inhibited their growth.
Mohsen Ebrahimi Monfared, Mehdi Sadegh, Zahra Gohari,
Volume 19, Issue 12 (3-2017)
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Melatonin regulates the sleep-wake cycle and is protected against oxidants. Vitamin E has antioxidant effect. The aim of this study was to investigate effect of melatonin and/or vitamin E on the EEG, sleep quality and quality of life of female nurses working in hospitals in Arak.
Materials and Methods: 60 female nurses were randomly selected from hospitals in the Arak city. Participants divided into three groups (melatonin3 mg/day, vitamin E 200 IU/day and melatonin and vitamin E groups) and a control group. Before and two months after the baseline, PSQTI and the quality of life of 26 questions questionnaire were completed and EEG was recorded. Finally, the findings for both groups before and after the intervention were compared with each other.
Results: The average of sleep quality showed an improvement in groups receiving melatonin and melatonin+vitamin E (p>0.05). While data of life quality did not show any significant change between groups. In EEG activity, α waves in the range of 8-10 Hz showed maximum increase in melatonin group and minimum increase in vitamin E group. Also, α wave in the range of 10-12 Hz revealed the most decrease in the melatonin group.
Conclusion: It seems simultaneous administration of melatonin and vitamin E is able to improve sleep quality. In addition, melatonin could improve alpha-waves of brain activity.
Fahimeh Zare Ebrahim Abad, Abdolhosein Shahverdi, Mitra Heidari Nasr Abadi, Alireza Alizadeh,
Volume 20, Issue 1 (4-2017)
Abstract
Abstract
Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of fed fish oil (FO) with or without vitamin E for mothers on the testis cells of male offsprings.
Materials and Methods: Sixty mature female NMRI mice were divided into different groups: control (CTR; Standard diet(vitamin E 50 mg IU/kg) pre and postnatal period); I) Gavages 0.01 ml/day/mother fish oil (FO)+CTR diet during prenatal period; II) Gavages FO+CTR diet during postnatal period; III) consumed VITE(125 mg IU/kg) 2.5 folded greater than standard recommendations(2×)during prenatal period; IV)consumed VITE(2×)diet during pre and postnatal period; V)consumed VITE(2×)diet during postnatal period; VI) Gavages FO+VITE(2×) diet during prenatal period; VII) Gavage FO+VITE(2×)diet during postnatal period ;VIII) Gavages FO+VITE (2×)diet during pre and postnatal period. After weaning, the testes were collected and histological data were analyzed using SAS software by Duncan test.
Results: testes cells length, width and weight was lower in offspring which their mothers fed FO+CTR diet during prenatal, (p<0.05).Vitamin E consumption during postnatal period improved these parameters (p<0.05). Spermatogoni (47 vs. 43), spermatocyte (43 vs. 34), Spermatid (63 vs. 44), Sertoli (0.9 vs. 2), and Leydig (3 vs. 1.7) were increased as FO+VITE was used than CTR (p<0.05).
Conclusion: The positive effects of supplementation maternal diet by FO with VITE or sole VITE was observed. Thus, antioxidants should be consumed along with omega-3 fatty acids in maternal diet.
Yousef Panahi, Ehsan Sabori, Ali Rasouli, Goodarz Sadeghi Hashjin, Shiva Roshan Milani, Leila Derafshpour,
Volume 20, Issue 1 (4-2017)
Abstract
Abstract
Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of different concentrations of morphine and naloxone on epileptic activity in live brain slices taken from morphine-dependent and control infant mice.
Materials and Methods: Forty neonatal mice were randomly selected. To establish dependency, 2, 4, 8, 16 and 32 mg / kg morphine was injected subcutaneously once daily (0.1 cc) for 5 consecutive days from day 14-18 after birth. On postnatal days 19-20, brain slices were prepared and cerebrospinal fluid was perfused with low magnesium to induce experimental- epiletform activity. The effects of 10, 100 and 1000 µM concentrations of morphine and 10 µM naloxone were investigated on epileptic activity. Chenges in the number as well as onset and amplitude of activities were considered as an indicator to determine the quantity of their effect.
Results: The results showed that morphine 100 µM increased the activity while 10 and 1000 µM concentrations of morphine and 10 µM naloxone attenuated epileptic activity in both groups. Naloxone reduced pro-seizure effect of morphine, but anti-seizure effect of morphine couldn't restored by naloxone.
Conclusion: Morphine has a two-phase concentration-dependent effect on epileptic activity in the infant mice; so that low and high concentrations of morphine inhibit epileptic activity, but its moderate concentration potentiates the epileptic activity. Naloxone has an anti-seizure effect.
Seyed Amir Dadkhahi, Ali Arash Anoushirvani, Reza Aghabozorgi,
Volume 20, Issue 2 (5-2017)
Abstract
Background: Most of the current regimens in the treatment of multiple myeloma include thalidomide. Thalidomide is a modulator of the immune system and according to several studies, its main complication is thromboembolism. The aim of this study is to compare the thromboemboli prophylactic effect of aspirin and low dose warfarin in standard risk multiple myeloma patients that treated with regimens containing thalidomide.
Materials and Methods: In this double- blind clinical trial study, sixty-six patients with multiple myeloma under treatment with thalidomide-containing regimens with standard risk for thromboembolism who were admitted to Khansari hospital, entered the study according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. The incidence of thromboembolism in these patients was evaluated.
Results: Five patients in the warfarin group and 2 patients in the aspirin group had thromboemboli. Chi square analyses showed no significant difference between groups (p=0.635).
Conclusion: The results showed that both drugs are effective in preventing thromboembolism and can be used as a prophylactic treatment.
Mitra Rahimzadeh, Behrooz Kavehie,
Volume 20, Issue 3 (6-2017)
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Heart attacks are the cause of 40% of deaths in Iran and due to its upswing in Iran and the world, the determination of its short-term survival rate in order to assess treatment methods is of great importance. The purpose of this study is to estimate patients’ short-term survival rate after heart attacks by Meta-analysis method.
Materials and Methods: This study is a systematic review. The analysis was based on data extracted from English and Persian data bases. To analyze the information obtained, including the average age of patients, and one-month and one-year short-term survival rates, the STATA 11.2 and the random effect model were used.
Results: The results of the study on 18 studies entering the Meta-analysis including 62486 patients, demonstrated that one-month and one-year short-term survival rate in Iran are respectively 87.7 and 85.2 percent and no significant difference was observed between the two genders. The average age of patients was reported 62.43 years and no significant difference was observed between the two genders in the occurance of health attack.
Conclusion: The results of this Meta-analysis showed that although the survival rate of an Iranian patient after a myocardial Infarction is the same as patients in developed countries, the average age of the patients in Iran is lower, which indicates that the load of disease in Iran is greater than in other countries regarding the years lost to the disease.
Mojtaba Rahimi Varposhti, Darioush Moradi Farsani, Babak Ali Kiaei, Behzad Nazem Roaya, Seyed Hosein Moosavi,
Volume 20, Issue 3 (6-2017)
Abstract
Abstract
Background: The aim of this study is to evaluate the impact of preemptive adding topical Ketorolac to Tetracaine drop on pain intensity and hemodynamic parameters during and after cataract surgery.
Materials and Methods: Eighty patients scheduled for elective cataract surgery under sedation and topical anesthesia, were randomly allocated to two equal groups: group T received Tetracaine 0.5%, and group TK received Tetracaine with ketorolac eye drops. One drop of each ophthalmic drug was applied every 10 minutes from 30 minutes before surgery. Pain intensity and hemodynamic parameters were assessed just before starting the operation and 5, 10, 15and 20 minutes during the operation, and then 0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 minutes after arrival of the patient to the recovery room.
Results: Mean pain intensity was significantly lower in TK group (1 ± 0.128) compared with T group (2 ± 1.54) during the surgery (p = 0.003), but there was no significant difference between the two groups in this regard during the recovery time (p =0.157). The number of patients requiring additional analgesic was not significantly different between the groups. There was no significant difference between the two groups regarding hemodynamic parameters except at 20th minutes and 15th and 20th minutes (heart rate and respiratory rate) after arrival to the recovery room.
Conclusion: Preemptive adding topical Ketorolac to Tetracaine drop is more effective than Tetracaine alone to reduce pain during cataract surgery.
Shahin Fateh, Alireza Mohammadi, Mania Beyranvand,
Volume 20, Issue 4 (7-2017)
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction: Echinococcosis or hydatid cyst disease is one of the most common infectious diseases between animals and humans (zoonosis) that is endemic in all the countries of the Mediterranean region, including Iran. Pelvic involvement is rare, and the involvement of the uterus is very rare.
Case Report: 26-year-old female patient complained of limb paresis, ataxia and progressive headaches diagnosed with hydatid cyst of the brain was undergone surgery. The pain and slight swelling in the area of the wrist occurred, one year later and with the same diagnosis, surgery was performed again. Abdominal ultrasound showed two cystic lesions in the suprapubic region with a diagnosis of hydatid cyst of the uterus, 3 years later, surgery was performed. In all cases, the diagnosis was confirmed by pathology.
Discussion: Follow-up of patients with radiologic and serologic methods is necessary.
Conclusion: In patients with any clinical manifestation of endemic areas, particularly if there is a previous history of hydatidosis, hydatid cyst should be considered in terms of risk.
Foad Asjodi, Phd, Hamid Mohebi, Ebrahim Mirzajani, Azimeh Izadi,
Volume 20, Issue 4 (7-2017)
Abstract
Abstract
Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of supplementation of Branched-Chain Amino Acids (BCAAs) plus carbohydrate (CHO) and whey protein plus CHO on muscle damage indices after eccentric resistant exercise.
Materials and Methods: Twenty four untrained healthy males participated in this study. They were randomly divided into three groups, BCAA +glucose (0.1+0.1g/kg) supplement group (n=8), Whey+glucose (0.1+0.1g/kg) supplement group (n=8), and placebo (malto dextrin 0.2g/kg) group (n=8). Each subject consumed a carbohydrate beverage with addition of whey protein or branched-chain amino acid or placebo 30 minutes before exercise in a randomized,double-blind fashion. Serum levels of Creatine Kinase (CK), Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and muscle pain were measured before, 24, 48, 72 h after exercise. Follow-up analyses included 1-way repeated measures ANOVAs, and Bonferroni post hoc comparisons.
Results: 24 h after test, serum levels of CK, LDH and muscle pain in both supplement groups were increased less than placebo group (0.015, 0.001 and 0.001, respectively). Also, the levels of CK and LDH showed significant changes in both intervention groups compared to placebo group at 24 h (0.001, 0. 015, respectively). Similarly, significant differences in the levels of CK and LDH between groups were observed.
Conclusion: These data indicate that muscle damage and pain after resistant exercise were reduced by an ingestion of either BCAA drink or whey protein drink.
Paria Nikpey, Tahereh Nazari, Shadi Khalili, Ahmad Ebrahimi,
Volume 20, Issue 4 (7-2017)
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Uterine myomas are benign tumors of the uterus which are derived from smooth muscle cells of the myometrium. Genetic factors play a major role in the progression of the disease. One of the most important genes which have impression in the mechanism of formation of the myoma is epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) that plays a basic role in the process of cell growth, differentiation, proliferation and mitogenesis. The aim of this study is survey of EGFR gene common mutations in Iranian women with uterine myomas. In this test, the common mutations of the exon 21 and 19 in the EGFR gene were surveyed.
Materials and Methods: In this case-control study, 80 women with myoma and 80 healthy women were studied as control. For checking deletion mutation of the Exon 19 (rs121913438), the Tetra ARMS/PCR method has been used and also for checking point mutation of the exon 21(rs121434568), the ARMS/PCR method has been used and results of the experiments were analyzed via χ 2 test.
Results: The comparison of the genotypes frequency of exon 21 (TT, TG, GG) and exon 19 (WW, WD, DD) related to EGFR gene in two groups of patients and control with using statistical test respectively represents the significant difference (p=1.320e-16) and (p=3.053e-13) in the different genotypes frequency among the patients and control groups.
Conclusion: The results of research indicate a significant relationship between EGFR gene mutations in exon 19 and exon 21 and potential for myoma in the studied population.
Ahmad Khaje Gandomani, Rahmat Allah Fatahian Dehkordi, Mohamad Saeed Heidarnejad, Mohsen Jafarian Dehkordi,
Volume 20, Issue 5 (8-2017)
Abstract
Abstract
Background: In this study, the effects of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) and thiamine on the blood biochemical markers and kidney histopathological changes after experimental diabetes in mice was investigated.
Materials and Methods: For this purpose, 56 mice were randomly divided into 8 groups of 7 each. Two groups of animals as controls (A) and thiamine (G) were considered. Other groups were diabetic by alloxan at a dose of 180 mg/kg. Group B mice were considered as diabetic group. To diabetic mice into Group C and D , ZnO NPs in concentrations of 0.1 and 0.5 mg/kg were intraperitoneally injected. Groups E and F; to these groups of diabetic mice, ZnO NPs in concentration of 0.1 and 0.5 mg/kg along with thiamin (30 mg/l) was injected. ZnO NPs in concentration of 0.1 was injected to group H mice. Changes in renal tissue along with some biochemical parameters were measured.
Results: The results showed that diabetes induced changes in some of the serum biochemical factors (GGT, BUN and creatinine) in rats (p<0.05). However, the administration of nanoparticles and thiamine reduced these negative effects. Exposure to diabetes causes changes in the kidney tissue of the mouse, in the disturbance of scaffolds for tissue integrity clutter, fragmentation of some convoluted tubules and congestion within the connective tissue.
Conclusion: Treatment of the diabetes mice by ZnO NPs and thiamine improves renal histopathologic structure and blood biochemistry levels.
Mahbobe Ebadi, Fatemeh Hoseini, Fateme Pahlevan, Mohammad Esmaeilzade Akhoundi, Vahid Farhadi, Roqaye Asqari,
Volume 20, Issue 5 (8-2017)
Abstract
Abstract
Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on working memory in patients with major depression.
Materials and Methods: The research method was quasi-experimental with pretest and post-test and follow-up with control group. The research population comprised female outpatient referrals to private psychiatric centers and psychological counseling centers in Tehran in the first half of 2016, They had received a diagnosis of depression by a psychiatrist at least once. Of these, 30 females were selected as a sample group with convenience sampling method and based on the criteria of inclusion and exclusion and were divided randomly into two groups , experimental (n = 15) and control (n = 15) group. The experimental group received transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) in 10 sessions, While this intervention was not provided to the control group. The data were collected by N-BACK. Analysis of variance with repeated measurments was used to test the research hypothesis.
Results: The results showed that transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) had a significant effect on increasing working memory and the impact will continue to follow up.
Conclusion: Therefore, this approach can be used to improve working memory in people with major depression.
Majid Amiri Motlagh, Mohammad Ali Atlasi, Zeinab Vahidinia, Sayyed Alireza Talaei, Zeinab Rezazadeh Lavaf, Abolfazl Azami Tameh,
Volume 20, Issue 5 (8-2017)
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Glutamate is the most widespread excitatory neurotransmitter in the mammalian central nervous system (CNS) and plays major role in the pathogenesis of ischemia brain injury.Glutamate transporters have a major role in glutamate removal and maintain its concentration below excitotoxic levels. Although estrogen’s and progesterone’s neuroprotective effects were well-described, the exact molecular mechanism has yet to be determined. This study has investigated estrogen and progesterone effect on glutamate transporters expression in the ischemic penumbra/peri-infarct region in rat.
Materials and Methods: Adult male Wistar rats were subjected to transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) for 1 h. Estrogen and progesterone combination was immediately injected after tMCAO subcutaneously. Sensorimotor functional tests for evaluating behavioral deficits and TTC staining for measurement of infarct volume were performed 24 h after MCAO. Real-time PCR technique was used for gene expression analysis of glutamate transporters EAAT2 and EAAT3.
Results: The combination of estrogen and progesterone could significantly reduce lesion volume. Also, hormone therapy could improve ischemic neurological disorders. After hormone therapy, gene expression of glutamate transporters EAAT2 and EAAT3 did not show significant changes.
Conclusion: Combined estrogen–progesterone treatment significantly reduces neurological deficits and infarct volume; these effects are independent of the glutamate transporters signaling pathways.
Zahra Sadeghi, Ahmad Ebrahimi, Fatemeh Davari Tanha, Sayed Yousef Seyedena,
Volume 20, Issue 7 (10-2017)
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Ectopic pregnancy is a type of pregnancy in which implantation of zygote occurs out of the uterine cavity. One of the most important problems is bleeding. On the other hand, Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1(PAI-1) gene is one of the involved factors in unsuccessful pregnancies, and 4G/5G polymorphism is the most common changes of this gene. So, it is important to study the prevalence of these changes in this gene in women with ectopic pregnancy.
Materials and Methods: In this case-control study, 100 Iranian women with ectopic pregnancy and 101 Iranian women with the normal pregnancy were selected. After blood sampling, ARMS PCR method has been used for detection 4G/5G polymorphism and data were analyzed by statistical analysis.
Results: In this study, 4G allele with 70.79% prevalence and 5G allele with 63.5% prevalence are the most common alleles for the control and case group, respectively. 4G/4G and 4G/5G genotypes in the control group and 4G/5G and 5G/5G genotypes in the case group are prevalent. An Armitage test found p<0.05 for both alleles, showing 4G allele (p= 1.524e-10; OR= 0.262) has decreasing effect and 5G allele (p= 1.524e-10; OR= 3.822) has increasing effect in ectopic pregnancy.
Conclusion: According to the findings, 5G allele and 4G/5G and 5G/5G genotypes have increasing effect, 4G allele and 4G/4G genotype have decreasing effect in ectopic pregnancy. So, we could consider 5G allele as a risk factor of ectopic pregnancy in this study.
Zahra Rahimi, Ahmad Rahbar, Fatemeh Kheyrollahi, Ali Ebraze, Zabihollah Gharlipour,
Volume 20, Issue 7 (10-2017)
Abstract
Abstract
Background: The evaluation of the amount and type of edible oils can significantly help to raise the people’s awareness about how to use this type of food product. The aim of this study was to determine consumption pattern of various edible oils and its related factors based on PRECEDE model.
Materials and Methods: This cross sectional descriptive analytic study was performed on 300 urban and rural women referring to health centers in Qom province. The participants were selected via multi-stage sampling method. The data were collected using standard questionnaire of PRECEDE model and analyzed by SPSS V.20 using independent t-test, paired t-test, ANOVA, and Pearson correlation coefficient.
Results: The results of this study showed that 46.4% of urban women and 53.6% of rural women used solid oil. There was a significant difference between urban and rural households in terms of the consumption of tallow oil (p<0.05), as the consumption of tallow oil was more prevalent in rural households than in urban households. Also, there was a statistically significant difference between the two groups of urban and rural women in terms of the mean score of consumption of healthy edible oils and reinforcing factors (p<0.05), as the mean scores of urban women were better than those of rural women.
Conclusion: Implementation of training programs using training models such as the PRECEDE model can help to modify and correct the pattern of consumption of edible oils, especially in rural areas and promote the level of health of the community.
Mojtaba Rahimi Varposhti, Darioush Moradi Farsani, Kamran Montazeri, Fatemeh Tanha,
Volume 20, Issue 8 (11-2017)
Abstract
Background:
This study aimed to compare the effect of cold eye irrigation solution (BSS) and viscoelastic gel with their combination in room temperature on the dosage of sedative drugs which we use in Phacoemulsification cataract surgery.
Material and methods:
190 patients scheduled for cataract surgery under sedation were randomly divided into two equal groups. During surgery we used cold (4c) and warm (room temperature) BSS and viscoelastic gel in the first and second group respectively. For all patients we started sedation with Midazolam and Fentanyl and in case we needed additional drug we used Sodium Thiopental till we reached desired sedation level. Ramsay sedation scores (before, during and after surgery) and total sedative drug consumption were evaluated and compared between two groups and at the end of the surgery we checked the satisfaction score of patients and surgeon about the quality of sedation.
Results:
The average dosage of Midazolam wasn’t significantly different between the two groups, while the average dosage of Sodium Thiopental was significantly lower in Cold group. Also the average time of which we reached desired Ramsay sedation score and the level of Ramsay score were significantly different between the two groups.
Conclusion:
Using cold BSS and viscoelastic gel in cataract surgery in comparison of their combination in room temperature will reduce the dosage of sedative drugs which we use during surgery and help us getting a more effective sedation and gaining both a satisfied patient and surgeon.
Esmaeil Soleimani, Shahin Azmoodeh, Mojtaba Habibi,
Volume 20, Issue 9 (12-2017)
Abstract
Abstract
Background: In present research, the structural equation modeling of the relationship between cognitive avoidance and rumination with clinical symptoms of OCD with mediating role of cognitive failure was studied.
Materials and Methods: In a descriptive correlational study, 220 patients with OCD were selected from Urmia psychological clinics and completed YBOCS, RRS, CAQ, and CFQ questionnaires. For data analysis, structural equation modeling (SEM) was used.
Results: The results showed that the modified final model is best fitted with present research data and cognitive avoidance, rumination, and cognitive failure paths with OCD and cognitive avoidance, and rumination paths with cognitive failure were significant. Also, indirect paths such as cognitive avoidance and rumination to OCD were significant.
Conclusion: According to the results of this study, it can be concluded that in addition to the direct relationship, cognitive failure can adjust the relationship between cognitive avoidance and rumination with OCD.
Darioush Moradi Farsani, Khosro Naghibi, Mojtaba Rahimi Varposhti, Bahador Malekipoor, Tahereh Fasihi,
Volume 20, Issue 9 (12-2017)
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) is one of the most common complications in the patients undergoing strabismus surgery. The aim of current study was comparing supplemental 80% and 40% oxygen on reducing postoperative nausea and vomiting in the pediatrics undergoing strabismus surgery.
Materials and Methods: In this clinical trial study, 100 pediatric patients scheduled for strabismus surgery under general anesthesia were allocated randomly into two parallel supplemental 80% and 40% oxygen groups during surgery. PONV in patients was compared until 24hrs after operation.
Results: In the first 6hrs postoperatively, PONV in the supplemental 40% and 80% oxygen groups were 48.8% and 30.6% respectively, also were 20.8% and 12.2% in the 6 to 24hrs postoperatively. Therefore, there were no significant differences between both groups in regarding of PONV in 6hrs and 6 to 24hrs postoperatively (p values were 0.18 and 0.25, respectively).
Conclusion: According to our results, there is no any difference between 40% and 80% oxygen postoperatively in the pediatrics undergoing strabismus surgery.
Mahdi Panahian, Ehsan Nafari, Nasim Daneshdoost, Danial Habibi,
Volume 20, Issue 10 (1-2018)
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Tympanometry is one of the most important audiological tests for the assessment of neonatal hearing screening programs. This test is usually done using a 226 Hertz probe tone; however, in infants less than 6 months of age, using this probe tone frequency is not reliable due to the different characteristics of the middle ear compared to adults. The purpose of this study was to assess the obtained tympanometric data in neonates 1 to 14 days with normal hearing using 226, 678, 800 and 1000 Hertz frequency probes tones.
Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 30 neonates aged 1 to 14 days who were diagnosed as normal in hearing aspect with using otoacoustic emissions test, were assessed by tympanometry. Tympanometric tests were performed using 226, 678, 800 and 1000 Hertz frequency probe tones for both ears. For data analysis, the T-paired method has been used.
Results: With using 226 Hertz frequency probe tone, incidence of unusual double peak tympanograms was observed in 65% of cases, which with increasing frequency of the probe tone, this percentage was decreased. There was also a statistically significant difference between the static admittance peak compensated in two 226 and 1000 Hertz frequency probes tones.
Conclusion: In neonates with normal hearing and without any risk factors for hearing loss, the 1000-Hertz Tympanogram shows a better middle ear status than the 226-Hertz tympanogram.
Alireza Khodavandi, Fahimeh Alizadeh, Nedasadat Marashi,
Volume 20, Issue 11 (2-2018)
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Biofilm formation represents one of the major virulence factors of Candida albican. However, the number of antifungal drugs is limited for the treatment of candidiasis. Combination therapy is one of the most frequently used techniques to alleviate this problem. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the antifungal activity of fluconazole and terbinafine alone and in combination on C. albicans biofilm inhibition.
Materials and Methods: In this cross- sectional study, 10 clinical isolates of C. albicans were identified from the immunocompromised patients. Antifungal susceptibilities were performed using the CLSI standard reference method. The crystal violet colorimetric method, direct microscopic observation and expression of HWP1 gene at different concentrations based on MICs were carried out to investigate inhibition of biofilm formation in C. albicans treated alone and in combination with fluconazole and terbinafine.
Results: The data indicated that combination of fluconazole with terbinafine exerted synergistic effects with fractional inhibitory concentration index ranged from 0.375 to 1.5. The combination of fluconazole with terbinafine reduced the number of yeast form and inhibited the biofilm formation. Finally, the expression level of HWP1 was down regulated (p< 0.05).
Conclusion: These results suggest the possibility of fluconazole/ terbinafine to treat candidiasis with a higher efficiency. In addition, HWP1 gene could be probable target in synergistic interaction of fluconazole/ terbinafine against C. albicans biofilm.
