Showing 1408 results for Type of Study: Original Atricle
Mostafa Mirzaei, Mohammadreza Amiri Nikpour, Rezvan Noruzzadeh,
Volume 28, Issue 2 (4-2025)
Abstract
Introduction: Imaging of the vascular system supplying the brain parenchyma is a diagnostic tool in the evaluation of stroke patients. This study aimed to compare the results of digital subtraction angiography with color Doppler ultrasound of the carotid arteries in patients with ischemic stroke.
Methods: In this cross-sectional-analytical study, the medical records of patients with ischemic stroke admitted to Imam Khomeini Hospital from July 1401 to July 1402 were reviewed to collect data. Demographic information, along with the results of color Doppler ultrasound and digital subtraction angiography of the patients, were extracted and evaluated.
Results: This study included 48 patients with ischemic stroke with a mean age of 12.8 ± 0.67 years. Hypertension was present in 68.8%, diabetes mellitus in 20.8%, and smoking in 25% of patients. Based on the results of digital subtraction angiography and color Doppler ultrasound, the most common vascular abnormality was plaque (79.2%). Vascular stenosis and occlusion were present in 91.7% of patients. Color Doppler ultrasound in examining the right and left internal carotid arteries had a sensitivity of 94.9% and 92.8%, specificity of 66.7% and 38.9%, positive predictive value of 92.1% and 70.3%, and negative predictive value of 75% and 77.8%.
Conclusions: Color Doppler vascular ultrasound demonstrated high sensitivity and specificity in detecting the presence and severity of stenosis in internal carotid arteries of ischemic stroke patients, supporting its use as a non-invasive and cost-effective method in clinical practice.
Ali Jalalvand,
Volume 28, Issue 2 (4-2025)
Abstract
Introduction: This study aimed to investigate the effect of the backward gait training protocol on postural sway and balance in elderly men with a history of falls.
Methods: A total of 28 healthy elderly individuals with a history of falls participated in this research. The backward gait protocol was considered the independent variable, and the mean parameters of postural sway, including range, center of pressure displacement, center of pressure velocity, and center of pressure acceleration, were examined as dependent variables. A Kistler force platform was used to assess postural sway. A mixed-design repeated measures ANOVA was performed at a significance level of 0.05.
Results: No significant differences were found in the anterior-posterior amplitude and medio-lateral acceleration of the center of pressure between healthy elderly individuals and those with a history of falls (P > 0.05). However, individuals with a history of falls exhibited greater medio-lateral amplitude, anterior-posterior displacement, anterior-posterior velocity, and anterior-posterior acceleration of the center of pressure (P = 0.001). Conversely, they demonstrated lower medio-lateral displacement (P = 0.001) and medio-lateral velocity of the center of pressure (P = 0.005).
Conclusions: Changes in center of pressure parameters may predict fall risk in the older adults. These parameters have varying sensitivities for detecting subtle differences in postural control. The responses of various parameters are influenced by compensatory mechanisms, weaknesses, and balance disorders. The backward gait protocol serves as a targeted intervention to improve balance and stability in elderly individuals at risk of falls.
Mohammad Javad Gouran, Soodeh Hooshmandi, Sajjad Rahimi Pordanjani,
Volume 28, Issue 3 (8-2025)
Abstract
Introduction: An echogenic intracardiac focus (EIF) is one of the most common non-structural findings on fetal ultrasound, typically detected between 18 and 20 weeks of gestation. EIF is often considered a soft marker in prenatal screening. However, its association with maternal risk factors—particularly endocrine disorders such as hypothyroidism—remains unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of hypothyroidism in pregnant women carrying fetuses with EIF and to investigate its correlation with other clinical variables.
Methods: In this cross-sectional study conducted from September 2022 to September 2023 at Amir-al-Momenin Hospital in Semnan, Iran, 100 pregnant women with fetuses diagnosed with EIF confirmed by fetal echocardiography were evaluated. Maternal demographic data, medical history, and fetal sex were collected and statistically analyzed.
Results: The mean maternal age was 41.55 ± 4.0 years, and the mean gestational age was 21.4 ± 3.65 weeks. Hypothyroidism was observed in 7% of the mothers and showed a statistically significant association with the presence of fetal EIF (P = 0.00). Furthermore, hypothyroidism was also significantly associated with underlying maternal diseases and fetal sex. However, no significant association was found between hypothyroidism and maternal age or gestational age.
Conclusions: The findings indicate a noteworthy prevalence of hypothyroidism among pregnant women carrying fetuses with EIF. These results highlight the importance of evaluating maternal thyroid function during pregnancy, particularly in cases where EIF is detected. Further research is recommended to clarify the underlying mechanisms and potential outcomes of this association.
Rahmatallah Fatahian, Behnaz Karimi, Seyed Reza Hosseini, Kianoush Forouhar Majd, Ayatallah Hatempour ,
Volume 28, Issue 3 (8-2025)
Abstract
Introduction: The study discusses the impact of thiamine on the kidney tissue of rats that have been exposed to copper oxide nanoparticles. The research examined how thiamine correlates with the level of kidney damage caused by the intrusion of nanoparticles.
Methods: In this experimental study, forty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups (10 rats per group). Two groups of rats were used as the control group (I) and the thiamine group (II). Rats of group III were administered an intraperitoneal injection of 25 mg/kg body weight of copper oxide nanoparticles for 14 days. Rats in group IV received the same dose of copper oxide nanoparticles along with thiamine (30 mg/kg body weight).
Results: The histopathological findings showed disruption of the arrangement of convoluted tubules and their disintegration and widening of the tubular lumen, cell separation and tubular necrosis in the majority of the renal tubules in-group III. In the group treated with copper oxide nanoparticles along with thiamine (IV), the pathological changes were slight and the majority of the tubules had retained normal structure. Statistically significant differences in the levels of some serum biochemical parameters (catalase, superoxide dismutase, TBARS, and TAC) were observed in groups III and IV on day 14 when compared to the control group.
Conclusions: This study demonstrated that thiamine can be utilized as an effective compound to reduce the damage caused by nanoparticles to kidney tissue and may lead to significant improvement in the health of kidney tissue in individuals suffering from damage caused by these nanoparticles.
Hassan Shafiei, Alireza Khaki,
Volume 28, Issue 3 (8-2025)
Abstract
Introduction: High sensory processing sensitivity in the face of psychological pressures predisposes individuals to substance craving, while resilience, as a protective factor, plays a role in reducing this vulnerability. The present study aimed to examine the structural relationship between sensory processing sensitivity and substance craving with the mediating role of resilience among substance-addicted prisoners.
Methods: The study population included all substance-dependent clients in the Delijan Prison in 2022. A convenience sample of 200 participants was selected based on the research constructs. Data collection tools included the Aron and Aron Sensory Processing Sensitivity Questionnaire (1997), the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (2003), and the Salehi Fardhadi, Berefan, and Ziaei Substance Use Cravings Questionnaire (2008). Structural equation modeling (SEM) using SmartPLS version 2 and SPSS version 19 was employed to test the hypotheses.
Results: The results of the study indicated that the proposed model exhibited a good fit to the data, and high sensory processing sensitivity was directly and indirectly (through resilience) associated with an increased risk of substance craving in addicted individuals (P < 0.05).
Conclusions: The findings of this study indicate that sensory processing sensitivity and resilience play a significant role in substance craving in addicted individuals. Overall, the results of this study emphasize the importance of considering cognitive-emotional factors in the design and implementation of treatment and prevention programs for addiction, as well as in reducing the risk of substance craving.
Ali Abdi Tazeh,
Volume 28, Issue 3 (8-2025)
Abstract
Introduction: The present study was conducted with the aim of analyzing excess deaths during the COVID-19 pandemic in the population covered by Maragheh university of Medical Sciences.
Methods: This descriptive-analytical study extracted the number of recorded deaths and their information, including age, sex, and date of death, by year from march 2020 to march 2021 and march 2021 to march 2022, from the cause-specific registration and classification system of mortality in Maragheh County. The number of expected deaths for 2020 and 2021 was calculated based on the number of deaths recorded from march 2018 to march 2020 in this system. Specifically, the number of deaths stratified by age, gender, and date of death from march 2018 to march 2020 was extracted, and after standardization, mortality rates were calculated. These rates were then adjusted to the population of 2020 and 2021 to estimate the expected number of deaths for these two years.
Results: from march 2020 to March 2022, 3821 deaths were recorded in the causal system. Given the expected number of 2958 deaths, 863 (29.17%) excess deaths occurred. The excess death rate among men was 24.59% and among women was 35.41%. The 60-69 year age group had the highest excess death rate. Overall, 96.06% (829 cases) of the excess deaths during these two years were attributed to COVID-19, with rates of 97.85% among men and 94.36% among women. The highest number of excess deaths occurred in the third quarter of 2020, which was 72.17% higher than the expected deaths for that period.
Conclusions: The excess death rate was higher among older age groups and in the female group. Furthermore,the occurrence of excess deaths increased during the COVID-19 infection waves. Therefore, adopting appropriate policies to prevent disease waves and implementing care and treatment strategies for older age groups will prevent many excess deaths.
Ghodrat Ebadimanas,
Volume 28, Issue 3 (8-2025)
Abstract
Introduction: Mancozeb a widely used fungicide, is extensively applied to protect fruits, vegetables, and crops. It has various toxic effects on humans. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of mancozeb exposure on the ovaries of small laboratory mice.
Methods: Twenty-four immature small white laboratory mice were randomly divided into a control and a mancozeb group, each comprising 12 mice. Each group was divided into three subgroups of days 17, 24, and 31. Mice in the mancozeb group received 100 mg/kg/day mancozeb via gavage for 14 days, and the control group received an equivalent volume of distilled water daily. On day 28, mice were anesthetized for ovary collection, and microscopic sections were prepared and stained from the ovaries. Histomorphometric examination was performed by counting and measuring follicles.
Results: Findings showed that mancozeb exposure resulted in a decrease in the number of mature follicles, an increase in immature follicles, and a reduction in follicle diameter in the experimental group compared to the control group.
Conclusions: Mancozeb disrupts follicle development, potentially leading to reduced fertility in female mice.
Mohammad Parastesh, Zahra Yousefvand, Behzad Aria, Majid Mardaniyan Ghahfarrokh, Jamileh Ahmadi,
Volume 28, Issue 3 (8-2025)
Abstract
Introduction: Cisplatin, a widely used chemotherapy agent, offers therapeutic benefits for cancer treatment but often leads to adverse effects on neurogenesis and oxidative stress. On the other hand, physical activity has been proposed as a potential strategy to counteract these side effects. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of an endurance training period on oxidative stress markers in the brain tissue of rats induced with cisplatin.
Methods: In this study, 32 male rats with an average weight of 220 grams were divided into four groups: healthy control, cisplatin-injected control, endurance training, and cisplatin + endurance training. After 8 weeks of endurance training, the rats were dissected, and blood serum was separated to measure oxidant and antioxidant factors. Additionally, the brain was removed under sterile conditions for the examination of the desired markers. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA.
Results: The results showed that cisplatin significantly decreased MDA and significantly increased TAC and CAT in the cisplatin-receiving control group. On the other hand, 8 weeks of endurance training significantly decreased MDA and significantly increased TAC and CAT. Moreover, no significant change was observed in serum SOD levels. In brain tissue, MDA levels significantly increased, and TAC, CAT, and SOD levels significantly decreased in the cisplatin-receiving group. Conversely, 8 weeks of endurance training reduced MDA levels and increased TAC, CAT, and SOD levels.
Conclusions: Based on the findings of the present study, it appears that physical exercise has protective effects against cisplatin-induced oxidative stress in the brain, which may be attributed to its antioxidant capabilities
Marziyeh Pooladi, Soheila Madadi, Maryam Baazm, Azam Moslemi, Ehsan Golchini, Yusef Abbasi,
Volume 28, Issue 3 (8-2025)
Abstract
Introduction: The sinuosus canal and its branching accessory canals have crucial importance across different races for minimizing neurovascular problems in dental implantation.
Methods: This study was performed as a retrospective analysis, employing Cone beam computed tomography(CBCT) images of 174 patients who attended a private oral and maxillofacial radiology center in Arak from 2018 to 2020. The CBCT images were examined with Romexis software. Quantitative variables were reported as mean ± standard deviation, whereas qualitative variables were presented as frequency percentages. The data were analyzed using the independent T-test. The correlation between quantitative data was examined using Pearsons correlation coefficient and logistic regression analysis. One-way ANOVA was performed to analyze variables including age groups and the location of accessory canals.
Results: 65.5% of the participants had a canalis sinuosus, demonstrating a considerable prevalence of canalis sinuosus in the studied population. Age and gender did not significantly correlate with the prevalence of accessory and sinuosus canals (P > 0.05). However, a significant difference was observed in the mean diameter of the canalis sinuosus between males and females (P = 0.01). The most common location for the termination of accessory canals on the left side in females was posterior to the lateral incisor (48.3%), whereas in males, it was posterior to the central incisor (45.8%). On the right side, the most common place in females (45.5%) and males (36.4%) was also posterior to the central incisor.
Conclusions: The prevalence of sinuosus and accessory canals in different populations and races is more closely related to sample size and race and requires investigation across different races to reduce neurovascular complications.
Seyed Sarmad Zahmatkeshan, Hamid Rajabi,
Volume 28, Issue 4 (10-2025)
Abstract
Introduction: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between serum adropin levels and markers of renal function in active and inactive young people.
Methods: The present research was conducted using a correlational method.Fifty young men and women with an average age of 28.22 ± 2.27 years, height 170 ± 8 cm, and body mass index 24.72 ± 4.88 kg/m² participated in the present study. Subjects were divided into active and inactive groups based on Beck's questionnaire, and 3 cc of blood was taken from their brachial vein to measure levels of adropin, urea, uric acid, creatinine, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), albumin, and total serum protein. The normality of the data was determined through the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, and the independent t-test was used to compare the mean of the data, and the Pearson correlation coefficient was used to determine the correlation.
Results: Although a strong, positive (r = 0.78 +) and significant (p < 0.05) correlation was observed between adropin and physical activity, the renal function markers did not show a significant difference between the two active and inactive groups. No significant correlation was observed between renal function markers and adropin levels and between renal function markers and physical activity.
Conclusions: With increasing physical activity, the amount of adropin increases, but this increase does not change the levels of renal function markers in healthy people. Therefore, it seems that there is no relationship between adropin levels and renal function markers in healthy young people.
Amirali Jafarnezhadgero, Ehsan Fakhri Mirzandg, Raziye Alizadeh, Davood Khezri,
Volume 28, Issue 4 (10-2025)
Abstract
Introduction: Using treatment interventions in patients with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) are essential. Also, some studies have reported that medical insoles decrease the rate of incidence of ACL injury. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigated the acute effect of short-term anti-pronation insoles on foot pressure variables in individuals with anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with pronated feet during running.
Methods: The present study was a semi-experimental type that was done at 2022 in Ardabil city. The sample of this study consisted of 13 individuals with both ACLR and pronated foot aged 23.4±2.5 years and 13 healthy ones aged 22.9±4.1 years that was selected with available sampling method. Plantar pressure values were recorded during running with and without anti pronated foot orthoses by foot scan device (sampling rate: 300 Hz). Two-way analysis of variance with repeated measures was used for statistical analysis.
Results: Results of the present study demonstrated a decreasing of peak plantar pressure variables on first (P=0.044), second (P=0.010), and fifth metatarsal (P=0.027) regions after using anti-pronated insoles during running stance phase.
Conclusions: Overall, it could be stated that foot orthoses possibly reduced plantar pressure and ground reaction force variables after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction in individuals with pronated feet during running. However, further study is needed to better establish this issue.
Safieh Azadi Fard, Mehdi Moradi, Mohammad Malekipooya,
Volume 28, Issue 4 (10-2025)
Abstract
Introduction: Since endurance training and a fasting diet are effective in reducing the symptoms of heart disease, this study aimed to investigate the effect of a period of endurance training with electrical stimulation on the expression of ICAM and VCAM genes in the heart tissue of obese fasting rats.
Methods: In this study, 35 male Wistar rats (8 weeks old, average weight 200 ± 19 g) were rendered obese and then randomly assigned to five groups of seven: obese control, fasting, fasting with endurance training, fasting with electrical stimulation, and fasting with endurance training with electrical stimulation. All groups except the obese control followed a 16/8 intermittent fasting protocol. The endurance training lasted 4 weeks, with 5 sessions per week, starting at 50% of maximal oxygen consumption in the first week and progressing to 65% by the fourth week. Electrical stimulation was delivered via foot shock (0.5 mA for 20 min). 24 hours after the last session, cardiac tissue was extracted under deep anesthesia. The expression levels of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 genes in the heart were measured using real-time PCR. Data were analyzed using two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Tukey's post-hoc test, with the significance level set at P ≤ 0.05.
Results: The results of the present study demonstrated that intermittent fasting, endurance training, and electrical stimulation—each independently—led to a significant reduction in the gene expression of vascular adhesion molecules in the cardiac tissue of obese rats (P = 0.001). Moreover, it appears that the combination of all three interventions exerts a greater effect in reducing the expression levels of these adhesion molecules in the cardiac tissue of obese rats (P = 0.001).
Conclusions: Based on the findings, the simultaneous application of endurance training, intermittent fasting, and electrical stimulation exerts a considerable impact on decreasing the expression of VCAM and ICAM in cardiac tissue. However, it is still not possible to definitively determine the directionality of the individual or combined effects of intermittent fasting, endurance training, and electrical stimulation (foot-shock stimulation) on adhesion molecules under conditions of obesity and intermittent fasting.
Ali Ghasemi Kahrizsangi, Mehrdad Najafi,
Volume 28, Issue 4 (10-2025)
Abstract
Introduction: Today, diabetes is one of the main problems in the world. Type-2 diabetes is more common in obese and overweight people, and obesity is a serious health problem. In addition to the importance of exercise in diabetes, some supplements can be effective on inflammatory factors. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to determine the effect of 8 weeks of endurance training along with purslane seed supplement consumption on the pro-inflammatory factors IL-6 and CRP in middle-aged type-2 diabetic men on the threshold of obesity.
Methods: In this semi-experimental study, 40 male patients with type 2 diabetes with an average age of 40-55 and fasting blood sugar above 120 were selected, then randomly divided into four groups of 10 including: control group, exercise group, exercise+supplement group. And the complementary group was divided. The subjects had no history of regular sports activity (for the previous 6 months) and consumption of purslane and were on the threshold of obesity (BMI between 28 and 30). The subjects walked 3 sessions a week and each session was for one hour without rest. The duration of the training session started from 30 minutes in the first week and reached 45 minutes of training in the eighth week with an intensity equal to 50-70% of the maximum reserve heart rate. The supplement group consumed 7.5 grams of purslane seeds per day for 8 weeks. The control group was not subjected to any training or supplements during 8 weeks. Paired t-test was used to compare the results before and after check the significant difference between the four groups, the analysis of covariance test was used, and if a significant difference was observed, the Bonferroni post hoc test was used to determine the location of the difference between the groups using SPSS 25 and EXCEL2010 statistical software at the significance level (P<0.05).
Results: The results of covariance analysis showed a significant difference in CRP (P=0.000). The results of Bonferroni's post hoc test indicated a difference between the two groups of exercise-supplement and placebo exercise compared to the control group (P<0.05). No difference was observed in IL-6 values.
Conclusions: It seems that the consumption of purslane seeds along with exercise improves the inflammatory index and CRP predicts heart problems. As a result, the use of purslane seed supplement if combined with exercise can be an effective method for middle-aged men with type 2 diabetes on the verge of obesity, but the effect of endurance training is more effective than purslane seed supplement.
Mehtab Farahani, Fatemeh Mehrabi, Mohammad Ali Mardom, Abdollah Abolfathi, Zahra Borzabadi Farahani, Fatemeh Rafiei,
Volume 28, Issue 4 (10-2025)
Abstract
Introduction: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of education based on the self-efficacy model on coping strategies and hope in breast cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy.
Methods: This study was conducted on 62 breast cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy. The intervention group received four training sessions on chemotherapy side effects and management strategies based on the self-efficacy model, while the control group received routine care without additional training. Demographic questionnaires, the Billings and Moss Coping Skills Questionnaire, and the Schneider Hope Scale were completed by both groups immediately before and after the intervention. Data were analyzed using appropriate statistical tests.
Results: The average hope in the intervention and control groups was low before and after the intervention. It remained low in the control group but showed a significant increase in the intervention group (P < 0.05). Statistical tests showed that there is a significant relationship between the average total life expectancy and their age, economy and education (P<0.05). Before the intervention, both groups demonstrated low use of coping strategies. After the educational intervention, the control group maintained low usage while, the intervention group showed substantially increased use of coping strategies.
Conclusions: Self-efficacy training intervention increased life expectancy and coping strategies in breast cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy.
Jamal Rezaei Orimi, Bita Ghazizadeh, Azam Khosravi, Seyyed Amir Hosein Latifi, Mehdi Salehi, Mohammad Hosein Asadi, Seyed Abdollah Mahmoodi,
Volume 28, Issue 4 (10-2025)
Abstract
Introduction: Studies examining scientific output provide valuable insights into the development and growth of research activities. The primary objective of this article is to evaluate graduate theses in the field of the history of medicine in Iran from 2001 to 2021, with a particular focus on research trends, the contributions of universities and academic institutions, and patterns of scholarly activity.
Methods: This research is of an applied type and was conducted using the quantitative content analysis method. The statistical population of the research consisted of 558 theses published in universities and scientific centers of the country. Data were collected using a structured content analysis checklist and subsequently analyzed employing descriptive statistical methods.
Results: The research findings indicate that Tehran University produced the highest number of theses with 66, followed by Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences with 49, and Payame Noor University with 36. The highest number of theses were written in 2017 (9.67%), and the lowest number was in 2003. Moreover, the history, professional doctorate, and Persian language and literature departments published the highest number of theses, with 160, 78, and 46, respectively.
Conclusions: The results of this research show that the history of medicine in Iran has experienced significant growth in the past two decades. This growth is evident in the increasing number of theses and the increased participation of universities and scientific centers.
Roya Fatemi Nejad, Mohammad Reza Dayer, Mehran Dorostghoal, Mohammad Reza Parishani,
Volume 28, Issue 4 (10-2025)
Abstract
Introduction: Botulinum neurotoxin protein (Botox) is widely used for cosmetic purposes to reduce facial wrinkles without regard to its side effects. The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of Botox on blood biochemical factors and the kidney tissue structure of female rats.
Methods: In this study, 28 adult female Wistar rats were selected and randomly divided into four groups (n = 7). The first three groups received intraperitoneal injections of Botox (in the lower third of the abdomen, one centimeter below and to the left of the navel) at doses of 4, 6, and 8 units, respectively, while the fourth group (the control group) received a saline injection. Then the animals were kept in the animal house for three months with full access to food and water at a temperature of 22°C and a 12-hour light-dark cycle. Following a 24-hour fasting period at the end of the study, blood samples were collected via cardiac puncture under ether anaesthesia. Then, the animals were euthanized without pain, and their kidney tissue samples were extracted for histological examination.
Results: Biochemical results indicated a significant increase in serum creatinine levels following injection with 6 and 8 units of Botox, indicating renal impairment. Although the increase in the amount of serum uric acid levels compared to the control group did not reach statistical significance at the 95% confidence level (P < 0.05), it showed significance at the 94% level (p < 0.06), suggesting primary renal damage. Histopathological examination demonstrated that intraperitoneal injection of 8 units of Botox induced scattered and limited structural alterations in renal tissue, including vacuolar degeneration of tubular epithelial cells.
Conclusions: The results of this research show that the long-term and repeated use of Botox may cause significant renal damage in addition to local lesions and threaten a person's life.
Hasan Rahmani, Faezeh Asgari , Abed Asgari, Habiballah Rahimi, Leila Ghanbari-Afra,
Volume 28, Issue 4 (10-2025)
Abstract
Introduction: Maintaining general health and preventing occupational burnout are two fundamental components of individuals' lives, and each can influence the other. Therefore, the present study aims to investigate the relationship between occupational burnout and general health among emergency medical technicians (EMTs).
Methods: This descriptive-analytical study was conducted on 150 EMTs from Qom University of Medical Sciences in 2020, who were selected by a simple random sampling method. Data were collected using the Maslach Burnout Inventory and the Goldberg General Health Questionnaire. Data analysis was performed using descriptive statistics and Pearson correlation coefficient.
Results: Based on the findings of the present study, the average age of participants was 35.14 ± 8.09 years. The average scores for occupational burnout and general health were 57.98 ± 19.28 and 48.26 ± 10.97, respectively. Pearson correlation analysis revealed a significant relationship between occupational burnout and general health (r = 0.613, P < 0.001)
Conclusions: Based on the findings of the present study, occupational burnout and general health among the EMTs were at a moderate level. Higher burnout scores were associated with worsened general health disorders among EMTs. It seems that selecting students interested in prehospital emergency professions can enhance the situation of this feeling in individuals working in this field. Additionally, it is essential for prehospital managers to pay attention to the occupational burnout and general health in order to improve the quality of services provided by the EMTs.
Mohamad Reza Bayatiani, Fatemeh Seif, Mohamad Arjomandzadegan, Mona Moghadasi, Arash Parvin,
Volume 28, Issue 4 (10-2025)
Abstract
Introduction: In today’s world, with the expansion of electronic technologies and equipment generating electromagnetic fields, humans and other living organisms are continuously exposed to these fields. This exposure can have significant biological effects on the growth and function of living organisms. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of alternating magnetic fields with different intensities and frequencies on the growth of Escherichia coli (E. coli), a Gram-negative bacterium, and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), a Gram-positive bacterium.
Methods: This study investigated the effects of alternating magnetic fields with intensities of 1 and 2 millitesla and frequencies of 50, 75, 100, and 150 Hz on the growth of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. The standard plate counting technique was used for this purpose. Samples were incubated at 37°C for 24 hours, and the number of colonies was counted as colony-forming units per milliliter (CFU/ml).
Results: The results showed that the number of Escherichia coli colonies significantly increased under the influence of magnetic fields compared to the control group (P < 0.05). In contrast, the number of Staphylococcus aureus colonies significantly decreased after exposure to the magnetic field (P < 0.05).
Conclusions: The results of this study indicate that alternating magnetic fields can have different effects on the growth of various bacteria. According to these findings, a decrease in the number of colonies was observed in Staphylococcus aureus due to the magnetic field, while an increase in the number of colonies was observed in Escherichia coli. These findings could be used in the development of new methods for controlling bacterial growth and in biotechnological applications.
Elham Mohammadi, Nazanin Amini, Safoora Omidvar, Azam Moslemi, Maede Sadat Alhoseini, Faeze Vabak,
Volume 28, Issue 4 (10-2025)
Abstract
Introduction: Cataract is one of the common causes of disability in the elderly. Candidates for cataract surgery, like any other type of surgery, experience a lot of anxiety, and this anxiety has an adverse effect on their psychological, physiological and post-operative recovery. This study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effect of pre-operative education on the level of anxiety of cataract surgery candidates.
Methods: In this educational experiment, 80 patients who were candidates for cataract surgery were divided into two experimental and control groups using available sampling method. The patients in the test group received the educational intervention and the patients in the control group received the usual ward care. The anxiety levels of the two groups were determined using the Spielberger questionnaire during hospitalization, after surgery, and upon entering the ward. These levels were then compared between the two groups. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Fisher's exact test, Levene's test, Chi-square test, and T-test.
Results: The results did not show a statistically significant difference between the test and control groups before the educational intervention in terms of overt anxiety (p = 0.54) and anxiety (p = 0.20), but after the implementation of the educational intervention, the results showed a statistically significant difference between the two test and control groups in terms of the mean of overt anxiety (p = 0.00) and hidden anxiety (p = 0.002).
Conclusions: The implementation of pre-operative educational intervention leads to the reduction of post-operative patients' anxiety, hence it is suggested that training be performed as a low-cost and effective method in pre-operative care.
Mojgan Mohammadifar, Fereshteh Bahmani, Alireza Abed, Gholamali Hamidi, Mohammad Hossein Aarabi, Sayyed Alireza Talaei,
Volume 28, Issue 4 (10-2025)
Abstract
Introduction: The analgesic effects of rosemary and peppermint essential oils have been shown in many studies. Low solubility of essential oils in water and low bioavailability limit their consumption, and nanoparticles can help solve these limitations. This study aimed to investigate the analgesic effect of a nanoemulsion containing rosemary and peppermint essential oils in a rat model of neuropathic pain.
Methods: Forty male rats were assigned to four groups: control (CON), neuropathic pain received normal saline (NPS), nanoemulsion (NPN), or gabapentin (NPG). Neuropathic pain was induced using the CCI model. Animals received a nanoemulsion containing 10% rosemary extract and peppermint essential oil via gavage for 21 days. Behavioral tests (Thermal Hyperalgesia, Thermal Allodynia, and Mechanical Allodynia) were done on days 1, 4, 7, 14, and 21 of the study. Biochemical tests were also done on the sciatic nerve of animals at the end of the study.
Results: The NPS rats had a significantly increased pain threshold compared to the control group (P < 0.001). Furthermore, the analgesic potential of nanoemulsion containing rosemary and peppermint essential oils was seen in allodynia and hyperalgesia tests. Biochemical analyses showed that CCI reduced total antioxidant capacity, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase activity, and also increased MDA levels in the rats' sciatic nerve (P < 0.001 for all comparisons). Administering nanoemulsion containing rosemary and peppermint essential oils reversed all the above-mentioned changes in the biochemical parameters (P < 0.001).
Conclusions: Our findings revealed that treating rats with a nanoemulsion containing rosemary and peppermint essential oils can reduce neuropathic pain symptoms by balancing their sciatic nerve's oxidant and antioxidant systems.
