Showing 472 results for Mohammad
Mohammad Bakhtavar, Seyed Mehrzad Shaddel, Ehsan Mmomeni, Vahideh Nazari,
Volume 24, Issue 3 (August & September 2021)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Needlestick injury (NSJ) is a common occupational health problem among dental healthcare workers, putting them at significant risk for blood-borne infections. This study aimed to investigate occupational exposure to NSJ and the psychological factors associated with it among dentistry students.
Methods & Materials: This descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out on students in the Arak school of dentistry training curriculum in the last three years in 2018. The questionnaires included questions about students’ awareness of NSJ conditions, the frequency of vaccinations, and antibody titration tests. The SCL-90 (Symptom checklist-90) questionnaire assessed psychological factors after NSJ in four dimensions of anxiety, phobia, self-morbidity, and depression. Data analysis was performed using descriptive statistical methods and a chi-square test.
Ethical Considerations: The study was approved by the Arak University of Medical Sciences (Code: IR.ARAKMU.REC.1397.269).
Results: Of the eighty students surveyed, 59 students had experienced NSJ at least once. However, only 25.4% of students had reported the NSJ occurrence. The highest incidence rate of NSJ was reported in the endodontics section. In addition, 80% of students had received hepatitis B vaccinations. Based on the SCL-90 test, the anxiety dimension was more affected by NSJ than the other dimensions.
Conclusion: Despite the high prevalence of NSJ in dental students, the rate of reporting after the accident is very low. Also, due to the lack of attention to vaccination in some students, there is a need for more infection control training. Based on the SCL-90 test, the occurrence of NS is effective in causing psychological problems.
Seyed Mohammadreza Alavizadeh, Mojgan Sepah Mansour, Mostafa Nokani, Somaye Entezari, Mehrdad Sabet, Mohammadreza Seirafi, Roxana Kaekhaneh, Amirshahab Shahabi,
Volume 24, Issue 4 (October & November 2021)
Abstract
Background and Aim: The World Health Organization has recently identified COVID-19 as a pandemic. The outbreak of the disease has caused many people around the world to become extremely frightened and they show phobic signs. The purpose of the present study was to develop and normalize of Germophobia Questionnaire (GPQ).
Methods & Materials: The participants were 113 individuals (74-female) of the Iranian population. They completed the GPQ and Y-BOCS.
Ethical Considerations: All ethical principles and privacy policies of the results informed the participants. This study was approved in the second session of the Psychological Committee of the Islamic Azad University of Tehran’s province in March 2020.
Results: The results illustrate that the GPQ has acceptable internal consistency with Cronbach’s alpha coefficient (a=0.67), reliability coefficients with split-half (0.72), and one-week test-retest (r=0.73); in addition, the GPQ demonstrate moderate convergent validity with contamination obsessions checklist of Y-BOCS (r=0.44) as a convergent coefficient; and finally, the exploratory factor analysis indicates three-factors of the GPQ.
Conclusion: Based on these findings, the GPQ has acceptable and good psychometric properties; researchers can use the GPQ as a reliable and valid instrument for assessing the germophobia levels in epidemic and pandemic crises like COVID-19.
Kolsoum Mohammadniamotlaghh, Mohsen Shamsi, Nasrin Roozbahani, Mahmood Karimy, Rahmatalah Moradzadeh,
Volume 24, Issue 5 (December & January 2021)
Abstract
Background and Aim: A lack of healthy nutrition first causes prediabetes and then overt diabetes, and every year about 5% to 10% of people with glucose intolerance develop type 2 diabetes. This study aimed to assess the factors affecting the consumption of healthy foods (CHF) based on the food pyramid among prediabetic women based on the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB).
Methods & Materials: This cross-sectional study was conducted in 2019 on 99 prediabetic women selected from comprehensive healthcare centers in Arak, Iran. A demographic questionnaire, a TPB-based questionnaire, and a food consumption Questionnaire were used for data collection. Data were analyzed through Spearman’s correlation and linear regression analyses.
Ethical Considerations: This study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of Arak University of Medical Sciences (Code: IR.ARAKMU.REC.1398.07).
Results: The Mean±SD score of diet behavior was 1.34±0.28 (in the possible range of 0-2). Around 41% of participants consumed sugary foods such as sweets and chocolate at least once a week and 35% at least once a month. Regression analysis shows that by increasing a standard deviation in the behavioral intention score, the behavior score of a healthy diet will increase by 0.22 standard deviation (P<0.05).
Conclusion: To achieve a healthy lifestyle in the individual at risk for a diabetics education program to increase perceived behavior and motivation for decision making for adherence to healthy food can be attention for policymakers in a health system.
Saeed Nasiri, Mohammad Noori, Maryam Aslezaker,
Volume 24, Issue 5 (December & January 2021)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Attention Control Training is a new cognitive intervention that improves emotion regulation by reducing attentional bias towards negative information. Given the significant association between death anxiety and emotion dysregulation and death-related attentional bias, this study aimed to assess attention control training as an intervention for reducing death anxiety.
Methods & Materials: In this clinical trial, the Convenience Sampling Method sampled 50 university students in Tehran and was randomly assigned to 2 experimental and 1 control groups. Attention control training was delivered using death-related stimuli for the 1st experimental group and negative stimuli unrelated to death for the 2nd experimental group. The control group didn’t receive any interventions. In 3 measurements of pretest, posttest, and 3 months follow-up, death-related attentional bias, death anxiety, and sensitivity to mortality salience were assessed, respectively, using the Modified Stroop Test, Multidimensional Fear of Death Scale (MFODS), and Propensity to Moral Disengagement Scale (PMDS) after inducing Mortality Salience condition.
Ethical Considerations: This study was registered at the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (Code: IRCT20190406043181N1) and was approved by the research ethics committee of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (Code: IR.SBMU.MSP.REC.1398.539).
Results: The study showed that after completing attention control training, the 1st experimental group’s death-related attentional bias, death anxiety, and sensitivity to mortality salience were significantly reduced (P<0.05), and this reduction was maintained at 3 months of follow-up. No significant changes were observed in the other two groups (P>0.05).
Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that attention control training is capable of significantly reducing death-related attentional bias, and this reduction in attentional bias leads to decreased death anxiety and sensitivity to mortality salience
Pardis Mirmoeini, Mohammad Hosseini Bayazi, Javad Khlatbari,
Volume 25, Issue 1 (April & May- 2022)
Abstract
Background and Aim Given the increasing number of patients with multiple sclerosis and the psychological complications that affect this group, the present study was conducted to compare the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy and compassion-focused therapy for these patients
Methods & Materials This research was a quasi-experimental study with a pre-test-post-test design with a control group. A total of 45 patients with multiple sclerosis were selected from MS patients in Tehran Clinic, Tehran City, Iran, in 2020. They were randomly divided into three groups: the first group was under treatment based on acceptance and commitment therapy, the second group was assigned to the compassion-focused therapy, and the third group was the control. The participants completed the Connor and Davidson resilience questionnaire and the Pennsylvania concern questionnaire in the pretest and post-test stages. The first and second groups participated in eight sessions of acceptance and commitment therapy and ten sessions of compassion-focused therapy, respectively. The control group did not receive any intervention. The post-test was done at the end of the therapy sessions. Data were reported by analysis of covariance.
Ethical Considerations This research was approved by the Torbat Jam Branch, Islamic Azad University (Cod: IR.IAU.TJ.REC.1399.012).
Results The results of univariate analysis of covariance were obtained at the statistical level of P<0.05. In this regard, F=5.88 for resilience and F=42.60 for anxiety intensity were obtained, which indicated the greater effectiveness of acceptance and commitment treatment.
Conclusion Considering the effectiveness of both treatments, it is suggested that these treatments be given more attention to controlling patients’ psychological symptoms.
Naghmeh Shokoohi Nejad, Mohammad Reza Bayat, Firoozeh Zanganeh Motlagh,
Volume 25, Issue 1 (April & May- 2022)
Abstract
Background and Aim Fibromyalgia syndrome is a chronic disease that causes widespread musculoskeletal pain. It primarily affects women and negatively impacts many aspects of a person’s psychological and social life. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of cognitive therapy based on mindfulness and compassion therapy on automatic negative thoughts, psychological symptoms, pain intensity, and quality of life in patients with fibromyalgia syndrome.
Methods & Materials This research is a quasi-experimental study with a pre-test-post-test design with two experimental and one control group. The statistical study population consisted of all individuals with fibromyalgia syndrome referred to Mehregan Pain Clinic in Mirdamad (District 3), Seyed Khandan Clinic (District 4), and Taleghani Hospital Pain Clinic (District 1) in Tehran City, Iran. Of them, 30 patients were randomly selected and divided into three groups of experimental 1, experimental 2, and control; each group will include 10 people. The instruments used in this study included the World Health Organization quality of life questionnaire (WHOQOL BREF), pain intensity questionnaire (PIS), psychological symptoms questionnaire (Anxiety, Stress and Depression [DASS]), and automatic negative thoughts (QNS).
Ethical Considerations This study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of Arak Branch, Islamic Azad University (Code: IR.IAU.ARAK.REC.1400.005).
Results The analysis of covariance showed the effectiveness of both cognitive therapies based on mindfulness and compassion therapy on four variables of pain intensity, psychological symptoms, automatic negative thoughts, and quality of life (P<0.05). Comparing the two intervention methods showed that both therapies had almost the same effect on pain intensity, psychological symptoms, and automatic negative thoughts (P<0.05) but the effectiveness of mindfulness intervention on the quality of life was significantly higher than compassion intervention (P<0.05).
Conclusion The results indicate that cognitive therapy based on mindfulness and compassion therapy are suitable for people with fibromyalgia under appropriate treatment.
Mir Saeed Attarchi, Fatemeh Nejatifar, Hamid Mohammadi Kojidi, Zahra Atrkar Roushan, Niloofar Faraji, Maryam Joshan, Fatemeh Rahattalab, Roholah Amini,
Volume 25, Issue 2 (June & July 2022)
Abstract
Background and Aim The high use of pesticides has increased the concern about its possible harm to individual and environment health. Chronic exposure to pesticides has serious effects on different body organs even before the onset of clinical symptoms. In this study, we aim to evaluate clinical and biochemical characteristics of male workers in a pesticide production factory in Guilan province, Iran.
Methods & Materials This cross-sectional study was conducted on 99 male workers exposed to pesticide and 107 people without exposure who were employed in a pesticide production factory in Guilan and selected using a convenience sampling method in 2020. Their demographical data as well as clinical characteristics such as respiratory symptoms (cough, shortness of breath, etc.), neurological symptoms (fatigue, tremors, cramps, muscle weakness, etc.), psychological symptoms (sleep disorders, anxiety, etc.) and skin symptoms (redness, itching, etc.) were collected from the occupational health records of the workers. Finally, the biochemical parameters were compared between the two groups. Statistical analysis was performed in SPSS software, version 16.
Ethical Considerations This study was approved by the Research Ethics committee of Guilan University of Medical Science, Rasht, Iran (Code: IR.GUMS.REC.1399.632). Informed consent was obtained from all participants in this study.
Results The frequency of symptoms such as headache, itchy skin, cough, and sleep disorders was higher in the exposed group (P<0.05). Based on the biochemical findings, blood urea level, creatinine level, alkaline phosphatase, and fasting blood sugar level were significantly higher in the exposed group (P<0.05). Thrombocytosis was observed in 9.09% of exposed workers, which was higher in those with more than 11 years of work experience.
Conclusion Chronic exposure to pesticide can cause thrombosis, changes in biochemical parameters, and clinical symptoms. It is recommended that biological monitoring should be conducted in exposed workers at a shorter interval.
Asma Soleimani, Mohammad Fathi,
Volume 25, Issue 2 (June & July 2022)
Abstract
Background and Aim Recently, a myokine called irisin has been discovered that affects glucose level, obesity, metabolism and glucose homeostasis by browning of white adipose tissue and heat production. This study aims to evaluate the effect of four weeks of ginger supplementation followed by acute eccentric and concentric training on irisin and insulin levels, insulin resistance index, and lipid profile of young women with obesity.
Methods & Materials This is a randomized clinical trial. Participants were 50 young women (BMI >30 kg/m2, age: 24.86±2.87 years, height: 159.66±4.20 cm, and weight: 87.42±4.61 kg). After measuring their maximum oxygen consumption, they were randomly divided into five groups, two groups of supplementation, two groups of placebo, and one control group. The training protocol consisted of two sessions of acute eccentric and concentric activity. The supplementation groups consumed 2 g of ginger powder daily for 4 weeks. Blood samples were collected before and immediately after each activity. Data were analyzed using dependent t-test and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA).
Ethical Considerations This study was registered by Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (Code: IRCT201104246178N1) and was approved by the ethics committee of Ilam University of Medical Sciences (Code: IR.MEDILAM.REC.1395.192).
Results The irisin and insulin levels between increased and the glucose level decreased significantly in the supplementation groups (P<0.05). The change in insulin resistance index was not significantly different among the study groups (P>0.05). Based on the results of one-way ANOVA, triglyceride and low-density lipoprotein levels decreased significantly (P<0.05), but the high-density lipoprotein level showed no significant difference (P<0.05). The total cholesterol level was not significantly different in terms of exercise type (P> 0.05) but was significantly different in terms of supplementation type (P<0.05).
Conclusion Long-term consumption of ginger along with regular exercise can be an effective method for lowering glucose level and causing favorable changes in irisin level, insulin resistance, and lipid profile in young women with obesity.
Mohammad Reza Heidari, Mehrdad Goudarzvand Chegini, Hamid Reza Rezaei Kelidbari, Morad Rezaei Dizgah,
Volume 25, Issue 2 (June & July 2022)
Abstract
Background and Aim The internationalization of higher education is an effective strategy to meet the diverse needs of a society. One of the factors determining the failure or success of internationalization is the organizational culture of universities. The present study aims to investigate the role of organizational culture-related factors in the internationalization of Iranian universities.
Methods & Materials This is a quantitative-quantitative study. Participants were 124 Iranian experts in higher education and those involved in internationalization of universities. A researcher-made questionnaire was used as a self-report tool with close-ended questions. In the quantitative stage, structural equation modeling and first- and second-order factor analysis were performed in SPSS and AMOS software.
Ethical Considerations This study was approved by the ethics committee of Islamic Azad University, Rasht Branch (Code: IR.IAU.RASHT.REC.1400.035)
Results The ranking of factors affecting the internationalization of Iranian universities showed that the factor with the highest factor loading was “communication & interaction” (1.03) and the factor with the lowest factor loading was “human/physical/financial resources” (0.87).
Conclusion Communication/interaction of universities with other education centers, as an organizational culture-related factor, plays an important role in the internationalization of Iranian universities.
Fatemeh Mohammadi, Maryam Nikrou, Kimia Sadeghi, Farid Askarifard, Mohammad Sayyadi,
Volume 25, Issue 2 (June & July 2022)
Abstract
Background and Aim Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a respiratory disorder that can affect many body systems, including the hemostatic system. In this study, we aim to investigate the role of hemostatic system and the blood coagulation in COVID-19.
Methods & Materials In this review study, the articles were searched using the keywords COVID-19, Respiratory infection, and Coagulopathy in Google Scholar, PubMed, Google Springer and Science Direct databases.
Ethical Considerations Ethical principles in writing this article were observed in accordance with the guidelines of the National Ethics Committee and the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE).
Results Many changes in the coagulation profile of infected patients were reported, including changes in the platelet count, fibrinogen/fibrin degradation product, D-Dimer, fibrinogen, prothrombin time, and activated partial thromboplastin time. With the increase in the number of patients with COVID-19, several studies found out the occurrence of thrombosis and coagulopathy in patients.
Conclusion Due to the increase in the occurrence of coagulation disorders in patients with COVID-19, the administration of anticoagulants is needed for their treatment; it can play an effective role in improving the prognosis of patients.
Fatemeh Rostamkhani, Mohammad Ghamari, Vahideh Babakhani, Effat Sadat Merghati Khoei,
Volume 25, Issue 3 (August & September 2022)
Abstract
Background and Aim Sexual function is an important part of menopausal women's lives, and changes in it, especially during menopause, can affect their health. The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) on the sexual function of postmenopausal women.
Methods & Materials This research was a quasi-experimental with pre-test, post-test and follow-up design with control group. The statistical population of the study included postmenopausal women who referred to Zanjan Health Center in 2020 to receive services. Among them, 45 were selected using the available sampling method and were randomly assigned to three groups of 15, and control group using randomly assigned block allocation method. Therapeutic sessions were held in 8 sessions and each session was held for 2 hours. Data were collected by FSFI (Female Sexual Function Index) and were analyzed using ANOVA with repeated measures analysis via SPSS software, version 24.
Ethical Considerations This study was approved by the ethics committee of the Zanjan University of Medical Sciences (Code: IR.ZUMS.REC.1398.328).
Results In the post-test and follow-up phase, there was a significant difference between both CBT and ACT methods compared to the control group in sexual function respectively (P<0.05, F=17.857), (P<0.05, F=12.115). That is, treatment with CBT and ACT improved the sexual function of postmenopausal women, which had a lasting effect for three months, and there was no significant difference between the groups involved in sexual function (P>0.05, F=0.494).
Conclusion Cognitive-behavioral therapy and acceptance-based therapy have improved sexual function in postmenopausal women, so it is recommended that these therapies be used to improve the sexual function of postmenopausal women in health centers.
Samira Ghaedmohammadi, Howra Bahrulolum, Gholamreza Ahmadian,
Volume 25, Issue 3 (August & September 2022)
Abstract
Background and Aim Surface display technology enables the binding of proteins and peptides to the surface of living cells, including mammalian cells, yeast, bacteria, and spores. Among the various systems used for surface display, Bacillus subtilis spores have advantages such as resistance to adverse environmental conditions such as heat, radiation and chemicals, safety for humans and no need for the heterologous protein to pass the membranes for binding to spores.
Methods & Materials This study is a review that investigates the structure of the Bacillus subtilis spore, spore surface display, and its application in the development of mucosal vaccines and adjuvants.
Ethical Considerations All Ethical principles in writing this article have been observed according to the instructions of the National Ethics Committee and the COPE regulations.
Results Heterologous proteins can be displayed genetically and non-genetically on the spore surface. The surface display is a promising strategy for the development of whole-cell factories with many industrial and biotechnological applications, leading to significant advances in the production of biocatalysts, the development of live vaccines, bio-adsorbents and sensors, epitope mapping, inhibitor design, and protein/peptide library screening.
Conclusion It is hoped that oral vaccines of Bacillus subtilis spores will be of significant help in the prevention and treatment of diseases including COVID-19 in the future.
Ali Azam Rajabian, Mohammad Javad Asghari Ebrahimabad, Hamidreza Aghamohammadian Sharbaf, Seyed Kazem Rasoolzadeh Tabatabaei,
Volume 25, Issue 3 (August & September 2022)
Abstract
Background and Aim There is almost no accurate information about the causes of body dysmorphic disorder. Many patients with body dysmorphic disorder who apply for plastic surgery show a negative response to these treatments and sometimes the symptoms get worse. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the causes of body dysmorphic disorder in women.
Methods & Materials The present research was a qualitative study with a content analysis type. Variables and categories were obtained by interviewing 15 experts and eight people with body dysmorphic disorder and reviewing 71 articles. Also, to diagnose body dysmorphic disorder, Yale Brown’s Practical Obsession Questionnaire was used in addition to the interviews. The sampling method in this research was purposive sampling. Data analysis was done in three stages: open, central, and selective coding. The validity of the components was checked by calculating the content analysis index.
Ethical Considerations In the research, before the interview, written consent was received regarding the specificity and confidentiality of the research (Code: IR.UM.REC.1401.105).
Results The influential factors in body dysmorphic disorder were: a. Cultural and social factors b. Psychological factors, and c. Biological factors.
Conclusion According to the obtained results, several factors play a role in the occurrence of body dysmorphic disorder, and their identification in different environments, cultures, and societies provides the possibility of developing preventive measures, and designing and developing a suitable treatment model. However, to increase the external validity of the research, it is suggested to conduct similar research in other societies.
Mr Mohammad-Mehdi Khashmin, Mrs Farahnaz Hosseini, Mrs Samira Jafari, Mrs Sepideh Najafzade, Mr Human Ghasemi, Mrs Niloufar Darvishi, Mrs Asal Golchin,
Volume 25, Issue 4 (October & November 2022)
Abstract
Introduction: Depression is an injury to the central nervous system that is caused by several factors that affect a large number of people around the world. Emotion regulation refers to the processes by which we influence what emotions we experience, when we experience them, and how we express them. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of emotion regulation in predicting depressive symptoms in students of Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences.
Methods: The present study is a descriptive correlational study. Participants were all students of the School of Nursing and Midwifery of Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences during 2020-2021. Three hundred and five participants were selected by available sampling method and randomly. Informed consent forms got from the participants, then they completed the Beck Depression Inventory - Second Edition (BDI-II) and the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Scale (CERQ-18). This research was reviewed in the ethics committee of Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences and approved with the ID IR.KUMS.REC.1400.623.
Results: In this study, the study population was 305 people, 9 of whom were excluded from statistical analysis due to incomplete answers. Total mean age was 50.08 ± 191.30 Of these, 198 (66.9%) were female and 98 (33.1%) were male. Self-blame strategies (β = 0.31, P≤0.001), positive reassessment (β = -0.26, P≤0.001), catastrophic (β = 0.26, P≤0.001), numerical importance (β = -0.12, P≤ 0.001) and positive refocus (β = -0.10, P≤0.001) in five steps predict 40% of the variance of depression. Inconsistent strategies such as self-blame and catastrophe directly and positive reassessment, insignificance and positive refocus inversely predict depression. Mahalanobis distance was used to investigate multivariate throw values. Statistical assumptions were tested by performing an initial regression analysis and evaluating the scatter plot of residues. After confirming the regression assumptions, the data were analyzed using Pearson correlation and stepwise regression. The findings of our study showed that there is a significant direct relationship between self-blame and catastrophic thinking as maladaptive strategies of cognitive emotion regulation with depression. Also in our study among adaptive emotion regulation strategies; Positive refocusing, positive reassessment, and a small number had a significant negative correlation with depression.
Conclusions: The results of our study showed that emotion regulation strategies play an important role in predicting the occurrence of depression. Therefore, it is necessary for health policy makers to strengthen adaptive emotion regulation strategies in designing and modifying interventions related to depression.
Nasrin Bathaeian, Ali Heidarian Pour, Mohammad Bathaeian, Leyla Vesali Akbar Pour,
Volume 25, Issue 4 (October & November 2022)
Abstract
Introduction: The beneficial effects of physical activity in the treatment of brain-motor disorders of people with autism have received more attention, although the effects of exercise on the evaluation of motor factors (physical fitness) and brain waves have been less studied.
Methods: Eleven children with autism spectrum disorder (7-12 years) took part in the study. After a thorough medical examination and psychiatric assessment, children participated in aquatic exercise program (twice-weekly) for 8 consecutive weeks. Pre & post intervention evaluated base on QEEG (power alpha & coherence), movement assessment (euro fit exam), then stoical analyze are performed (P<0.05). The present research has been registered with the ethics committee of the faculty of sport sciences, Bu-Ali Sina University Hamadan under code IR.UMSHA.REC.1394.107.
Results: In this study, alpha wave absolute power but not coherence in frontal – occipital is significantly increased by8 consecutive weeks’ aquatic program (P<0.05). Physical Fitness assessment parameters (muscular strength/endurance, coordination, balance, flexibility) significantly improved and subside respectively (P<0.05).
Conclusions: These results indicate that aquatic exercise program may improve physical and mental disturbance in young children with autism spectrum disorder.
Mr Mohsen Shamsi, Mr Ali Kulivand, Mr Mohammadjavad Ghannadzadeh, Ms Mahboobeh Khorsandi, Mr Seyedhamed Mirhosseini, Mr Amir Almasi-Hashiani, Mr Behrooz Karimi, Mr Seyednadali Alavi Bakhtiarvand, Ms Masoume Naderi Noreyni,
Volume 25, Issue 4 (October & November 2022)
Abstract
Introduction: Today, with the increase in population, the per capita production of waste materials and the subsequent threat and destruction of the environment is an increasing process, and waste management by the people of a society can play an essential role in reducing this problem. Therefore, the aim of this study was determine of predicting the waste management behaviors of households in Arak city in 2022.
Methods: This is a cross-sectional and analytical study that was carried out on 600 mothers of households in Arak city, who were selected by multi-stage sampling. The data collection tool was a valid and reliable researcher-made questionnaire that included demographic characteristics, knowledge, attitude and behavior of households in the field of waste management. Data were analyzed using SPSS software and t-test, chi-square and regression tests. This study was approved by the research ethics committee of Arak University of Medical Sciences (Code: IR.ARAKMU.REC.1401.040).
Results: The average age of the studied was 39±11 years and the number of family members was 3.6. In terms of type of housing, most of them lived in apartments (44%) and a smaller number lived in complexes (14%). 65 percent of the people had not received the training on the waste separation plan from the source, and among the effective training methods, the majority (38 percent) of the people had overestimated the effectiveness of the training through the Internet. The mean and standard deviation of knowledge was 66±19, attitude was 84±11 and performance was 73±18. The majority of the people studied had a good level of awareness and attitude. The regression analysis model showed that the greatest impact on the waste management behavior of the samples was the age of the people, their knowledge and attitude, which predicted a total of 33% of the waste management behavior.
Conclusions: Considering the favorable state of awareness and attitude of households in Arak city, it seems that for better waste management, other environmental factors should be emphasized, including sources of waste production at the source. Also, based on the prediction model, it is still important to inform and change the attitude of households in Arak city for better performance at younger ages.
Mr Fathollah Ghorbani, Mohammad Rezaei, Dr Ebrahim Ebrahimi, Mis Lila Ghorbani, Dr Elham Rezaei,
Volume 25, Issue 5 (December & January 2022)
Abstract
Introduction: Beyond the members of the charter board, the horizon of Amedwar Kanandah for the sake of Bimaran Niyazmand, the member of the board of the board. In parallel, there is a new medical science in New Mutrah, in the opinion of specialists who claim that it is a model and that they have a source for beyond the organs with children. Definitively The current issue is that of new topics and the question of programs in the possession of jurisprudence and rights, which must be carefully selected from the angles that are the subject of jurisprudence debate.
Methods: This is a book in the form of a textbook and a description - an analysis with the use of the books of science and jurisprudence of his room.
Results: This type of child is based on the basis of investigations, which are believed to be valid, according to the permissibility of the organs that are nozadan with severe cranial defects, i.e., in the womb of a mother, or from a cutaneous period, but from birth in the middle of my heart; A defensible issue.
Conclusions: The use of the nostril organs affected by the cornea with limitations of the cervical spine, but with a significant meaning in the development of Rastafarian, and the use of non-main organs based on multiple rational and legal evidences; Milabashed project. The parts of my life are afflicted with severe corneal ulcers, based on the inevitability and inevitability of the disease, and the reason for the fact that the situation is similar to the meaning of the disease. Develop a legitimate development in the most vigorous manner, and the issue of the necessity of preserving human dignity This is an issue that cannot be denied. But from the point of view of the role that is not a conditional legality, it is a present issue with conditional auspices in no severe form.
Seyed Mohsen Madani Larijani, Zahra Salemi, Mohammad Reza Rezvanfar, Pegah Mohaghegh,
Volume 25, Issue 5 (December & January 2022)
Abstract
Introduction: Fetuin-A is a secreted protein from the liver, which plays a role in microvascular disorders of diabetes through insulin resistance and inflammation. The aim of this study is to investigate the amount of fetuin-A in diabetic patients without and with microvascular disorders.
Methods: 90 people in 4 groups, diabetic control, nephropathy, retinopathy and retinopathy-nephropathy participated in this research. Data were analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis and Pearson correlation tests. Measurement of parameters including VEGF, interleukin 8 (IL-8), insulin, interleukin 6 (IL- 6) and Fatuin-A was done by ELISA method. The concentration of C-reactive protein (CRP) was measured by nephrometric method.
Ethical considerations: This study was conducted after the approval of the protocol in the research ethics committee and receiving the ethical code number IR.ARAKMU.REC.1400.250 and according to the Declaration of Helsinki.
Results: The obtained results showed that the correlation between fetuin-A and VEGF in the control group was not significant (p=0.234), in the nephropathy group it was significant (p<0.01), in the retinopathy group it was significant (p<0.01) and in the retinopathy group - Nephropathy was significant (p=0.032). Also, the correlation between fetuin-A and interleukin-6 in the nephropathy group is not significant (p=0.285), in the retinopathy group is not significant (p<.075), in the retinopathy group is not significant (p<0.059) and in the retinopathy-nephropathy group. It was insignificant (p=0.113). The correlation between fetuin-A interleukin 8 in the control group is not significant (p=0.592), in the nephropathy group (p=0.592), in the retinopathy group (p=0.314) and in the retinopathy-nephropathy group (p= 0.362). The correlation between Fetuin-A and the homeostatic model of insulin resistance was significant in all groups (p<0.01). Fetuin-A and VEGF levels in the three groups of nephropathy and retinopathy increased significantly compared to the control group. The amount of interleukin 6, interleukin 8 and homeostatic model of insulin resistance in nephropathy, retinopathy and retinopathy-nephropathy groups has increased significantly compared to the control group.
Conclusions: Because fetuin-A is directly related to insulin resistance and VEGF production, its control can have an effect in preventing and controlling the development of microvascular disorders, especially in the early stages of diabetes. Although the results showed that fetuin-A level has no significant relationship with inflammatory factors such as interleukin 6 and interleukin 8, especially in the retinopathy-nephropathy group, but a significant increase of interleukin 6, interleukin 8 and CRP in patients with microvascular disorders to the diabetic control group, it shows the importance of inflammation in the development and progression of microvascular disorders and the importance of its control in diabetic patients.
Dr Abbas Saremi, Dr Mohammad Parastesh, Dr Sahar Ebrahimi,
Volume 25, Issue 6 (February & March 2023)
Abstract
Introduction: Physical activity is one of the important lifestyle factors that can have positive or negative effects on the reproductive system, and more research is needed to reflect the effect of inactivity on fertility in order to provide safe lifestyle recommendations to help couples achieve pregnancy is required. Therefore, this study was conducted with the aim of describing and comparing the physical activity status of fertile and infertile men in Arak city in 2022.
Methods: The present study is a case-control study that was conducted on 220 fertile and infertile men (22 to 40 years old) referred to Arak University Jihad infertility centers that were selected through available sampling. Participants completed self-test questionnaires on socio-demographic characteristics, lifestyle, physical activity, and sedentary behaviors. Anthropometric characteristics and body composition were also measured. Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the association of infertility with physical activity level, sedentary behavior, and body composition.
Ethical Considerations: This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the University of Arak University (Code: IR.ARAKMU.REC.1401.046).
Ethical Considerations: The present research has been registered with the code IR.ARAKU.REC.1401.015 in the Ethics Committee of Arak University.
Results: In this study, it was observed that the amount of physical activity (P=0.02) and body composition (P=0.001) in fertile men is more favorable than infertile men. In men with a low level of physical activity, the risk of infertility increases 2.97 times (odds ratio 2.97 and 95% CI: 1.03, 8.61, and P=0.04). On the other hand, in men with moderate level of physical activity, the risk of infertility decreases (odds ratio 0.27 and 95% CI: 0.08, 0.92, and P=0.03). Also, in men who sit for more than 6 hours a day, the chance of infertility increases by 3.02 times (odds ratio 3.02 and 95% CI: 1.28, 7.10, and P=0.01). An increase in body mass index increases the risk of infertility by 1.61 times in men (odds ratio 1.61 and 95% CI: 1.23 and 2.11 and P=0.001).
Conclusions: Since obesity, physical inactivity and infertility in Iranian men are increasing at the same time, so there should be more focus and seriousness on the issue of lifestyle modification and especially physical activity regarding reproductive health.
Ms Shiva Molavi, Mr Mohammad Parastesh, Mr Abbas Saremi, Mr Mohammad Reza Bayatiyani,
Volume 25, Issue 6 (February & March 2023)
Abstract
Introduction: In recent years, the use of X-rays in medicine and industry has expanded significantly. X-rays can cause oxidative stress and subsequently induce destructive effects on the kidneys. On the other hand, it has been proven that according to the theory of hormesis, resistance exercises have antioxidant effects, which may be used to reduce the harmful effects of X-rays. This study investigated the effect of resistance training on oxidative stress factors and structural changes in kidney tissue in rats exposed to X-rays
Methods: Twenty-four male rats were randomly divided into 4 groups. The irradiated groups were exposed to 4Gy X-ray. The training groups were exercised 5 times per week for 10 weeks. 24 hours after the last training session, blood samples were collected for evaluation of oxidative and antioxidant factors, and kidney tissue was isolated for stereological studies. The data was analyzed by one-way ANOVA in SPSS 20 software.
Results: In this study, whole-body X-ray irradiation caused a significant increase in kidney volume (P=0.003), cortex volume (P=0.02), glomerular volume (P=0.039), and serum Malondialdehyde (MDA) level (P=0.03). Also, performing the training protocol significantly reduced kidney volume (P=0.03), cortex volume (P=0.04), glomerular volume (P=0.033), and serum MDA level (P=0.02).
Conclusions: Based on this research, it seems that resistance training can lead to a decrease in glomerular filtration by creating adaptation and increasing antioxidant defense and changes in the hemodynamics of the kidneys, and as a result, reducing the volume and number of glomeruli, reducing the volume of the cortex and kidney, and it can improve the structure of kidney tissue in rats exposed to X-ray radiation.
