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Introduction: Neisseria  gonorrhoeae  is  a  gram  negative  diplococci  belong  to  family  neisseriacae  and  is  causative  agent  of  gonorrheae.  Culture  and  antibiograme  of  this  bacteria  is  done  lower  than  other  cases  and  determination  rate  of  MIC  in  this  bacteria  is  inly  done  in  reference  laboratories.  The  goal  of  this  study  id  introducing  a  relationship  which  in  studied  population, MIc  more  easily  and  eithout  doing  complex  technical  examinations  is  placed  available  for  physicians.
Materials  and  Methods: In  this  research  on  50  cases  of  Neisseria  gonorrhoeae  isolated  from  patients  with  gonorrhoeae  antibiograme  test  were  done  and  then  for  every  antibiotic  discs  the  zone  of  inhibition  were  measured.  Then  on  the  basis  of  instructions  of  NCCL  for  four  antibiotics  were  planed  to  this  disease (penicillin, tetracycline, spectinomycine  and  ceftriaxone) MIc  on  GC  agar  medium  were  measured  and  between  zone  of  inhibition  as  an  independent  variable  and  MIC  as  a  dependent  variable  linear  regression  is  seen  which  from  this  line  equation  can  understand  how  is  the  relation  between  MIc  and  zone  of  inhibition. It  means  that  wether  this  relationship  is  direct  or  reverse?
Results: The  findings  show  that  in  all  antibiotics  the  relationship  between  zone  of  inhibition  and  MIc  are  negative (reverse)  and  regression  coefient  for  first  three  antibiotics  have  (p<0.0001)  and  for  fourth  antibiotics  has  (p<0.001).
Conclusions: It  means  that  with  probability  less  than  0.0001  for  penicillin, tetracycline, spectinomycine  and  probanility  less  than  0.001  for  ceftriaxone  can  estimate  the  counter  effect  pf  zone  of  inhibition  and  MIc  in  studied  population.
 

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Introduction: Glucose Six Phosphate Dehydrogenase (G6PD) catalyses the first step in pantose phosphate pathway to produce NADPH. NADPH plays an important role in oxidation and reduction of hemoglobine and reduces H202 level. However, in absence of G6PD, NADPH also will be decreased, as a result of severe defect in function of red blood cells occurred. So we decided to survey is prevalence in our region by studying on the umbilical cord blood. Material and Methods: Our study were descriptive-analytic and samples were gathered by Simple Sampling Method. EDTA was used as an anticoagulant. Enzyme activity was measured with the method of Fluorescent spot Test (FST). Chi-Square and logestic regression were used to analyses the data and P<0.05 was considered as significant. Result: From a total of 2160 neonates, 1103 case (51.1%) were male and 1057 case (48.9%) were female. 3.5% of the males and 0.8% of females and over all 2.2% of the neonates were G6PD deficient. Due to chi-square analyses and logestic regression, positive RH increases the risk by 1.6 as compare to negative RH. However we could not find any significant relationship between blood groups and prevalence of G6PD. Conclusion: As our results showed, the G6PD deficiency is more common in male than female. Relation between positive RH and G6PD deficiency were significantly increased. Prevalence of G6PD in Arak City showed 2.2% which is lower than that of north our country (8.7%) as well as lower than other part of the world (10-14.9%). We suggest using the screening umbilical cord blood test on the neonates to diagnose the G6PD deficiency and to promote the primary health care quality and public as well as reduction the social and economical problem of the society.

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Introduction: Considering the high incidence of hip fractures in the elderly, anesthetisis and orthopedic surgeons are frequently encountered with these fractures. Timely fixation of hip fractures decreass morbidity and mortality. Surgical bleeding and the resulting hemodynamic compromise, decrease in vital organ perasion and complications of blood transfusion are important problems in this age group. The ability to decrease Surgical rise; in these patients.
Material and Methods: In a semi-experimental and prospective study 40 victims of hip fracture (50-90 y/o) were selected. The goal was to clarify the relation between anesthesia technique and surgical bleeding 22 patients received spinal (group A) and 18 patients received general (group B) anesthesia.
Results: According to recorded data surgical bleeding was greater in group B (general anesthesia) Than group A, and these data was statistically significant.
Conclusion: In this study %60 of group A and %61.2 of group B were males and %40 of group A and %38.8 of group B were females. During the operation, blood loss was measured and recorded for each patient.

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Introduction: The relation between Helicobacter pylori with iron deficiency is being studied in recent years. The aim of this study is finding the relation between Helicobacter pylori with the rate of hemoglobin and serum ferritin.
Material and Methods: This study is an observational study and a cross-sectional type which is done analytical-descriptive against 262 patients suffering from anemia and for each patient the amounts of Hemoglobin, MCV, serum ferritine and Helicobacter IgG titre is calculated and then the relation between these amounts and Helicobacter is evaluated.
Results: In 147 patients (56%), Helicobacter IgG antibody was negative. In 78 cases (29.8%) the serum ferritin was less than 120 µgr/dlit. Using statistical analysis (Logistic regression) revealed that there was a statistical relation between the amount of ferrittin and the chance of strickened with Helicobacter in individuals whom their ferrittin rate was less than 12, 1.93% of patients whom their ferrittin is more than 12 and the enhance is significant. By the way it was cleared that there is not any significant statistical relation between MCV reduction and the chance of being strickened with Helicobacter.
Conclusion: Serum ferrittine rate in patients with Helicobacter pilory infection reduced and this reduce was significance. Previous studies in other countries indicated to this issue.

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Introduction: Tribulus was traditionally used as a diuretic, mild laxative, urolithiasis, dysurca for treatment of urinary tract problems including stones, cystitis and infections, particularly Gonohrea. Antimicrobial cffects of methanol extract of Tribulus fruit on few gram positive and negative bacteria, the causative agents of some bacterial infections was evaluated and then compared with some in use antibiotics for these infections.
Materials and Methods: In this research as an experimental study. 40 gr powder of Tribulus fruit was dissolved in 100 ml pure methanol as a solvent with cold maseration method, the suspension was filtered after 5 day. The filtered suspension were concentrated with rotary evaporator apparatus in vaccum and was then dilluted with methanol to yield different concentrations. The antimicrobial activity of the extract and antibiotical were examined with disc diffusion and tube dilution standard methods to measure the diameter of inhibition zones, minimal inhibitory concentration and minimal bacterial concentration.
Results: The results were shown that the antimicrobial effect of the methanol extract of Tribulus fruit on ATCC strains of Streptococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas acroginosa had bactriostatic effect with the concentration of 400, 200, 100, 100 ug/ml in order. The comparison of urinary tract infections, including Oxacilin, Ciprofloxacin, Penicilin G, Gentamycin, Cotrimoxazole, Nalidixic acid and Nitroforantoin were shown that Tribulus fruit extract in concentration used in this research had a similar or even better effect than some antibiotics on some of the bacteria used in this evaluation.
Conclusion: The Tribulus fruit extract has an efficient bactriostatic and bactricidal activity of few gram positive and negative bacteria, the causative agents of some bacterial infections and these cffects are comparable to those antibiotics in usc for treatment of these infections. Tribulus fruit extract could be suggested for treatment of these infections after the pharmacological and clinical complementary studies.

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Introduction: Infection due to hepatitis B virus (HBV) could be due to wild or mutant viruses. The HBeAg negative chronic hepatitis B (HbeAg-CHB) is unable to produce hepatitis B, e antigen (HbeAg), so that patients with this varient do not present with HBV characterized by HbcAg in the serum. HbeAg-CHB usually proceeds to serious liver disease. The prevalence of different viral forms in patients with chronic liver disease in Iran has not been established.
Materials and Methods: Seventy-six Hamadanian patients with over 6 months HBSAg positivity were enrolled. Patients with co-infection of HIV, HCV, past history of alcoholism, fatty liver, using of hepatotoxic drugs, autoimmune hepatitis and other metabolic liver disease were excluded. All patients were screened for Hhe Ag. HbeAb. HBV DNA by PCR, AST, ALT, ALK. pH and bilirubin.
Results: Eleven (14.5%) patients had HheAg-CHB (HbsAg +ve, HbeAg-ve / ve/anti HbeAb + ve, HBV DNA + ve and elevated AST, ALT) and 6 (8%) had normal transminases (AST and ALT) accompanied by the remaining criteria of HbeAg-CHB. 59 patients (77.5%) were infected with wild type HBV, ie: HBSAg + ve, HbeAg-ve, HbeAb + ve, HBV DNA- ve, and normal AST, ALT.
Conclusion: Frequency of HbeAg.CHB in Hamadan is 14.5% knowing of this varient of chronic hepatitis B is important since the HbeAg-CHB have worse prognosis than wild type and more better response to lamivudine than interferon.

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Introduction: Patient hospitalization rate (P.H.R) is an important issue in health decision making because its increasing can imposes abundant expenditure on each patient or therapeutic or health systems like assurance companies. Moreover, it can increase the danger of nosocomial infections. So, description, examinating and modelling of P.H.R. can be as a guideline for above subjects and as an introduction would lead one to study the issue with insight.
Materials and Methods: For determining of P.H.R., Iwo samples of size 1428 and 816 of patients were chosen systematic randomly from Vali-Asr and Ta'min-Ejtemai hospitals, respectively during the year of 2002. Hospitalization rate, age, sex, location of birth place and residence place of patients recorded. Mixed distributions modelling and Poisson regression models as well as ordinary regression methods were applied to analyze and modelling the data.
Results: Means of P.H.R of patients at Vali-Asr hospital was 4.1±5.4 days. Two component Poisson was a relatively appropriate model was a very relevant model for analyzing of their P.H.R. By using mixed Poisson regression method a significant relationship among patient's age, marriage status and location of life with P.H.R was obtained. Findings in Ta'min-Ejtemai showed that the mean of P.H.R was 4.7±3.2 days. One component Poisson model was appropriate model for data distribution. A significant relationship among age, sex, location of life with P.H.R in this hospital was seen.
Conclusion: Our findings showed that P.H.R in Vali-Asr hospital follows two component Poisson model. For Vali-Asr data, the normal model was not appropriate even with changing the statistics variables, but for P.H.R data of Ta'min-Ejtemai, changing the logarithmic variable could transform data into approximate of normal model. Finally, comparison between mixed distribution Poisson model and acquired regression with simple linear regression in Val-Asr hospital presented different results, but in Ta'min-Ejtemai hospital had similar results.

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Introduction: Sympathetic stimulation and pressor responses including tachycardia, hypertension and tachyarrhytmias caused by laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation may result in severe complications in susceptible patients. Opioid anesthetics are one of the several drugs used to attenuate this response but prolonged postoperative respiratory depression is the major complication distracting from their high dose administration which is nceded for complete amelioration of pressor response. In this study Alfentanyl, as a rapid acting and short duration opioid (without prolonged respiratory depression), was used in two different dosages for controlling of pressor response.
Materials and Methods: In a single blind, controlled clinical trial, 236 patients in the range of 18 to 70 years old), whom needing laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation were selected and randomly divided into two equal groups. First group received low (current) dose (15u gr/kg) Alfentanyl, and the other received high dose (450gr/kg), prior to laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation. Type and dosage of induction drugs were the same and matched in both groups. Blood pressure and heart rate were measured before intravenous induction and after intubation of the tracheal in all patients. Mercurial sphygmomanometer and pulse oximeter were used for these measurements. Incidence of such
complications as hypotention, muscle stiffness and neurologic hyper reactivity, were also measured. Data were analysed by Z distribution and Chi square tests.
Results: Alfentanyl was cffective in controlling pressor response in both groups. In the case of heart rate, the mean difference between two groups was not significant. There was a significant difference mean arterial pressure between two groups (p<0.05). In high dose group, incidence of complications was higher for severe hypotension (p<0.05), stiff chest syndrome (p<0.05), and neurologic hyperreactivity (p<0.05).
Conclusion: High dose of Alfentanyl is more efficient in controlling of pressor response than low dose of the drug. High dose administration also may results in some complications. In this study current dose of Alfentanyl is recommended for controlling of pressor response, but high dose may be used with some modification in the dose of induction agents.

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Introduction: The existence of acoustic trauma secondary to drill noise during chronic ear surgeries has not yet been clearly demonestrated. This investigation aims to document the hearing loss that occures in patients who underwent mastoidectomy.
Materials and Methods: Sixty-three (38 male and 25 female) consecutive patients (11-57 years) who underwent modified radical mastoidectomy were included. In a concurrent clinical trial design, we measured bone conduction thresholds before and after (1 week and 1 month) operation on both sides.
Bone conduction thresholds were assessed in 250, 500, 1000, 2000, 3000 and 4000 Hz frequencies.
Results: Paired-test results showed a satistically significant temporary (TTS) and permanent threshold shifts (PTS) were occured in the 2000-4000 Hz region for operated (on addition to 1000 Hz) and non-operated ears, but clinically PTSs were not remarkable and TTSs were important only for operated ear (P<0.05). The correlation between duration of noise exposure and magnitude of threshold shift was only significant in operated ear in 2000-4000 Hz region (P<0.05).
Conclusion: We could not demonestrate any permanent hearing loss caused by drill-generated noise, but resultant noise is able to produce TTS in the operated ear in 2000-4000 Hz region. We found poor relationship between duration of noise exposure and magnitude of threshold shifts.

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Introduction: Nausea and vomiting are a common manifestation in anatomic and functional disorders and these are current complication after general anesthesia and are unpleasent and with secondary complication. Nausea and vomiting are the most common complications after general anesthesia. Materials and Methods: In this study we compared three methods which one of them is droperidol with other methods consisting of IV metoc1opramide and placebo. This controlled study was done in teaching Vali Asr hospital. Total number of patient was 300. Type of sampling was random. Type of operation was laparatomy and all of them had general anesthesia. We divided them in three equal groups (droperidol group, metoclopramide group and placebo group). In this study we used from history and examination and we finished puzzles and we use from statistication. Results: We concluded that there is valuable difference between metoclopramide and droperidol group (with considering P=0.000). The results were shown that: droperidol is more effective than metoclopramide in the prevention of postoperative vomiting after abdominal surgery. Conclusion: With comparison of these data we fined that droperidol is a suggestive and valuable method also effective method in preventing postoperative vomiting. Also finding were shown that there isn't a meaning relation between age the kind of abdominal surgery and postoperative vomiting.

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Introduction: Compensatory renal growth (CRG) is growth of the remaining functional nephrons and interstitium alter some nephrous have been surgically removed or damaged due to disease. This growth includes the increase of kidney weight caused by hepertrophy and hyperplasia. Although uremic patients are often treated with growth hormone (GH), it is thought that GH may actually increase the degree of renal hypertrophy and the progress of CRG to the scarring and therefore accelerate renal failure. The aim was ultrastructural study of the effects of recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) on the renal tubulointerstitial changes following 5/6 nephrectomy (SNX).
Materials and Methods: For this 48 rats from mule Lewis and Dwarf Lewis rats strains were used. Each strain was divided to control, control+rhGH, SNX and SNX+rhGH groups. Dwarf rats strain have only 10% of circulating GH compared to the normal strain one month later the rats were injected with exogenous growth hormone (thGH) or saline two times per day for 30 consecutive days.
Results: The results showed tubular basement membranes was partially thickened in control thGH group and it was too thickened and multi-layered in the SNX groups. Tubular basement membrane was too thickened in the SNX-TGH group in compared to SNX only. Many of Convoluted tubules lost their apical architecture and mitochondria often appeared damaged and cytoplasm contained increased numbers of lysosomes. After SNX areas of focal fibrosis were common. These areas were become infiltrated with modified fibroblasts and myofibroblasts were present. The interstitium become filled with extracellular fibres and amorphous material.
Conclusion: It is evident that many of these changes were made more sever by treatment with thGH in both strains following SNX. So it seems GH caused more synthesis of extracellular matrix proteins and ultrastructural changes of the renal tubulointerstitial.

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Introduction: Androgenetic alopecia is a very common disease. According to some reports, up to 96% of people have some form of this disease. In this paper we compared the effect of an herbal drug composed of the urticadioica, chamomilla, thymus vulgaris, equisetum arvense and foeniculum vulgare with 2% Minoxidil solution in the treatment of androgenetic alopecia.
Materials and Methods: We evaluated 82 patients suffering from androgenetic alopecia in a double blind prospective study. We counted terminal and vellous hair in 1 square centimeter of the predetermined area of scalp before and after treatment. After 6 months of treatment, the results were evaluated
Results: According to our findings, herbal drug and Minoxidil were effective in regrowthing the hair (45% vs. 35% respectively) and there were no meaningful differences between efficiacies of these two drugs
Conclusion: Herbal drug can be used as an adjunct or as an alternative to Minoxidil for treatment of the androgenetic alopecia.

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Introduction: Coffee is a diuretic plant, cause vascular expansion and reduce free radical oxygen. There is evidence that show its effects on kidney. Low dose of coffee reduces blood urea and cratinine but its overdose may lead to glomeruloschelrosis. In this study, the effect of high dose of coffee on rat kidney was evaluated by stereological method.
Materials and Methods: In an experimental study, 48 Sprgue-Dawley rats 230-250 gr were selected and divided randomly into 4 groups. The control group was fed with only tap water and the experimental groups were fed with different doses of aqueous extracts of coffee (0.25, 0.5, 0.125 gr/kg) twice daily. After 48 hours, the animals were deeply anesthetized and right kidneys were removed. The Sum slides were prepared and stained with Hematoxyline. Eosin. From each kidney, 15-17 glomeruli were selected and means of glumerular volume were estimated, according to Cavalieri principle and point counting methods.
Results: Our findings revealed that low dose of coffee extraction were led to increase in glomerular volume, but higher doses decreased these volumes. These results were significantly different form control group (p<0.05).
Conclusion: It seems that decrease in glomerular volume leads glomeruloschlorosis and reduction of glomerular filtration rate. However, there should be more investigation such as urea and cratinine measurement to calrify the exact mechanisms.

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Introduction: In developing countries there are various researchable health subjects. However due to low budjet of research programmes in these countries, priority setting of research designs have a special importance.
Materials and Methods: In a descriptive cross-sectional study, a questionnaire consisting of 100 questions was designed. 363 health personl and 302 non-health specialists participated in this study. Questionnaire was coded and analysed by EPI 6 software.
Results: Our results demonstrated that all of the cities of Markazi province had a similar problems, but the amount of people contributions in health activities has altered their health awareness. Furthermore, health problems in view of people and specialists is different. People stated health problems as a global difficulties while specialists had a detailed viewpoints.
Conclusion: This study showed that it is necessary to guide practical researches based on determined health priorities.

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Introduction: Production of free radicals and reactive oxygen species is an integral part of aerobic metabolism. Disturbance of the balance between the production of free radicals and antioxidant system against them produces oxidative stress. Paraquat toxicity is induction of oxidative stress. However, the aim of our study was to evaluate oxidative stress in blood samples of workers in a pesticide factory formulating paraquat.
Materials and Methods: In this study we measured lipid peroxidation (LPO) with thiobarbituric assay (TBARS), total antioxident power (FRAP) and SH groups between workers in pesticide factories (case group) and health subjects (control group).
Results: Oxidative stress was significantly higher (p<0.001) in LPO, significantly lower (p<0.001) in TBARS and significantly lower (p<0.001) in SH groups in the case group compared to control group
Conclusion: It is concluded that chronic exposure of workers in their workplace to paraquat producess oxidative stress that could be prevented by well known nutritional antioxidant supplements.

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Introduction: At present, bone graft is unavoidable. In fact although among the all probable bone grafts, the autograft is the best choice, but because of some situations like two coincidence surgery upon one individual, size limitation of autografts (its impossible to get a big piece of graft from patient) increasing the bloodshed contingency, infection etc, made specialist to think about the possible substitution the allograft.
Materials and Methods: Seventeen Newzealandian rabbits were divided into four groups. The graft generator group consisted of one rabbit which was genetically different from other groups. The sham group composed of three rabbits which round autografts about 4 mm in diameter from their tibia were exchanged between rights and left tibias. These grafts were not deantigenized and a 4 mm vacant hole was created to see if it will repair spontaneously within three months. The control group consisted of three rabbits received a round 4 mm tibial autografts which double deantigenization process were done over them. The test group composed of 10 rabbits, received corticocancellous (intramembranous) allografts in left tibia and corticocancellous (endocondral). Allograft in right tibia all grafts were bearing the double deantigenization process.
Results: The rate of prosperity for CCl grafts was 80% and for CCE grafts was 60%.In sham group, healing process was extremely fast (in eight weeks).
In control group, healing process was done slower until six weeks but after 12 weeks it was compensated. The vacant holes were not repaired even after three months. Statistically, there was a meaningless difference between the rates of prosperity in both groups of grafts.
Conclusion: According to statistical assays, although the prosperous numbers of CCl were more than CCE grafts but this difference was meaningless. In the basis of histological assessments if the velocity of healing process is important, the CCI grafts are recommended

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Introduction: Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) or type 1 diabetes is an organ-specific autoimmune disease that caused by destruction of insulin-producing beta cells of the pancreas. Etiology of this disease is still unknown. It is seen that genetic and environmental factors play an important role for susceptibility to develop type 1 diabetes. The relationship between HLA associated factors and susceptibility to IDDM disease, was reported by several investigators. Also, some studies show that dermatoglyphics is associated with type 1 diabetes. However, it is maybe there is an association between HLA and dermatoglyphics inpatients'with type 1 diabetes and these characteristics could be applied for diagnosis of disease.
Materials and Methods: In this study, the prevalence of HLA (with using standard microlymphocytotoxicity method) and dermatoglyphics determined in 30 Iranian patients with IDDM and 30 normal healthy controls with similar ethnic background and the same geographical area.
Results: A significantly higher frequency of HLA-DQ, A2, DR3 and DQ2 were found in IDDM cases compared to the controls. The results obtain from dermatoglyphics showed that line ab was reduced in male and female type 1 diabetes. The reciever operating chractristics curve showed that the positive point for lines ab in right and left hands were 34.7 and 35.25, respectively.
Discussion: There is no association between HLA and dermatoglyphics.
With considering of genes encoding of HLA separated from genes determining dermatoglyphics, HLA typing and dermatoglyphics seem to be interesting tools for genetic studies related to type 1 diabetes. Further studies are recommended in order to provide more insight into the susceptibility to this disorder.

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Introduction: Pain is one of the main complaints of many postoperative patients. Narcotic and NSAID drugs are used to control postoperative pain.
Recent studies suggest different results of pain relief by NSAID group. We compared analgesic effects of intramucular Pethedine to Didofenac Sodium and Indomethacin suppositories due to inguinal hernioplasty.
Materials and Methods: This study was a clinical trial study over 55 patients of 17-60 years old who underWent unilateral inguinal hernioplasty.
These patients divided into 3 groups. The first group included 17 patients who received 100 mg Indomethacin suppository every 8 hours to relief postoperative pain. The second group of 18 patients who received 100 mg Diclofenac Sodium suppository every 8 hours and the third group induded 20 patients who received 0.5 mg/kg body weight Pethedine intramuscularly every 8 hours. The first dose of each drug started 2 hours after termination of operation. Tue sevrity of pain was checked by visual analogue scale method every 2 hours for 24 hours. Mean pain severity recoded and compared in 6 hours intervals.
Results: The averages of pain severity in the first 24 hours were 23±12 for Indomethacin, 31±9 for Pthedine and 27±12 hours for Diclofenac Sodium groups. There was no significant difference in whole 24 hours.
Conclusion: We concluded that Indomethacin and Diclofenac Sodium suppositories are good substitutes for intramuscular Pethedine to relief postoperation pain during the first postoperation day.

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Introduction: The two therapeutical methods, ambulatory phelebectomy and stripping, used in the treatment of venous varices seem to have different duration of admission and complications. In this study the variables which seemed to be different between these two approaches have been compared with each other.
Materials and methods: In an analytic cross-sectional investigation, 43 patients were operated for venous varices with stripping and ambulatory phlebectomy were studied. Gender, age, type of operation, post- operative complications (hematoma, pain and paresthesia), duration of admission and the duration of operation were recorded for all subjects.
Results: Out of 43 patients, 19 were operated by ambulatory phlebectomy and the other by stripping methods. There was no meaningful difference in the groups with respect to the sex. There was a meaningful difference between both groups with respect to hemetoma (5.3% versus 0%).The average duration of admission and operation in the stripping was virtually more than the ambulatory phlebectomy.
Discussion: The duration of operation, hematoma, pain and paresthesia was proportionally more in the stripping procedure than the ambulatory phlebectomy. Thus, ambulatory phlebectomy can be more helpful in the treatment of venous of limbs.

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Introduction: Postoperative hypothermia is physiologically stressful by elevating blood pressure, heart rate and plasma catecholamine concentration. This study conducted to evaluate the effects of intravenous fluids temperature on perioperative hemodynamic situation. Materials and Methods: This was a randomized clinical trial study Perioperative pulse rate, blood pressure, intraoperative esophageal and skin temperature were measured in 60 volunteer patients undergoing orthopedic surgeries subjects randomly divided into two groups according to intraoperative IV fluids management. In 30 patients (hypothermia group) all IV fluids infused were at room temperature. In the other 30 patients (normothermia group) all IV fluids were warmed using and dry IV fluid warmer. Results: The core and skin temperature of hypothermia and normothermia group decreased significantly from induction of anesthesia toward end of surgery but its reduction was more in hypothermia group (P<0.005). Postoperative mean arterial blood pressure increased significantly more in hypothermia group versus normothermia group (P<0.005). Shivering was observed in 21 of 30 hypothermia and 11 of 30 normothermia group (p<0.005) and recovery time was significantly lower in normothermia group (36±5 vs. 26±3 min, P<0.005). Conclusion: Infusion of warm fluids helps to reduce the variation of postoperative mean arterial blood pressure, core and skin temperature, occurrence of shivering and recovery time.