Showing 24 results for Weight
Mohammad Ali Gharaat, Sajjad Karami,
Volume 28, Issue 1 (3-2025)
Abstract
Introduction: Different training methods increase performance capabilities in addition to metabolic changes in body organs. The present study aimed to compare the effect of endurance and strength training on anthropometric indicators, glucose changes, fat metabolism, and irisin levels of young male students.
Methods: Thirty-six obese students (age: 21.19 ± 2.43 years; weight: 88.59 ± 6.20 kg; height: 175.41 ± 12.96 cm; body mass index: 30.45; fat percentage: 25.73%) were randomly placed in one of control, endurance, and strength training groups (n= 12). The strength training group trained for 8 week/3 session/4 sets/10 repetitions/ from 50 to 70% of the one repetition maximum (incremental manner, every 2 weeks), and the endurance training group trained for 30 minutes of aerobic jogging with 60 to 80% heart rate maximum. Plasma irisin, glucose, insulin, insulin resistance, fat percentage, body mass index, weight, waist circumference, and hip circumference were measured. The data were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance and Tukey's test at 0.05.
Results: Body weight (P = 0.03), fat percentage (P = 0.04), and body mass index (P = 0.04) significantly decreased in the post-test of endurance training group. Irisin level in the post-test in the control group had a significant difference with endurance and strength training (P = 0.01 and P = 0.02, respectively). Insulin in the post-test of the control group was significantly different from the endurance and strength group (P = 0.00 and P = 0.00, respectively). The level of insulin resistance in the post-test of the endurance and strength group had a significant difference compared to the control (P = 0.00 and P = 0.00, respectively).
Conclusions: Eight weeks of aerobic treadmill training and strength training with free weights can improve body composition, increase irisin levels, and reduce insulin resistance in obese male adolescents.
Fateme Tahsinin, Ali Heidarianpour, Elnaz Shokri,
Volume 28, Issue 1 (3-2025)
Abstract
Introduction: Being overweight is associated with increased cortisol secretion, along with heightened anxiety and depression. This study aimed to compare the effect of six weeks of concurrent moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) and high-intensity interval training (HIIT) with HIIT training alone on body composition, plasma cortisol levels, and anxiety and depression levels in overweight male students.
Methods: In this semi-experimental research, 27 overweight students were selected and randomly divided into three groups 9: MICT+HIIT concurrent training, HIIT training, and a control group. The MICT )15 minutes of exercise per day at 60-65% of maximum heart rate with an additional 5 minutes every two weeks). The HIIT (3 minutes of running at 70-75% of maximum heart rate, followed by 3 minutes of active rest at 50% of maximum heart rate, with three repetitions in the first two weeks, four repetitions in the second two weeks, and five repetitions in the final two weeks).
Results: Both types of training protocols resulted in reductions in weight, body mass index, cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, cortisol levels, anxiety, depression, and an increase in high-density lipoprotein (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference between the two types of exercise in terms of effectiveness on these variables; however, only peak oxygen consumption and triglycerides were associated with better changes in the MICT+HIIT group.
Conclusions: For overweight male adolescents aiming for weight loss and improved mental health, HIIT alone is sufficient, and adding MICT does not provide additional clinical benefits.
Zahra Juodi, Zahra Fakur, Ali Aagayar Makouii, Rasool Gareaghaji Asl,
Volume 28, Issue 1 (3-2025)
Abstract
Introduction: One of the most common problems in newborns is apnea of prematurity. Given the importance of preventing apnea in very premature infants, the present study was designed and conducted to investigate the preventive effect of caffeine on reducing the frequency of apnea events in very premature infants.
Methods: This randomized, double-blind, controlled clinical trial was conducted on premature infants hospitalized in the neonatal intensive care unit of Shahid Motahari Hospital in Urmia. Infants were randomly divided into two intervention and control groups. The intervention group received intravenous caffeine at an initial dose of 20 mg/kg and a maintenance dose of 5 mg/kg for 14 days. In contrast, the control group received an equal volume of normal saline intravenously for the same period. Apnea events, cyanosis attacks, and bradycardia were recorded by the researchers in a standard checklist.
Results: Of the 50 infants in each group, 2% of the caffeine and 4% of the control group required prolonged oxygen therapy, respectively. Also, 6% of the caffeine group and 4% of the control group experienced intraventricular hemorrhage. In addition, 4% of the caffeine group and 2% of the control group required surgery to close the patent ductus arteriosus, and 14% of the caffeine group and 18% of the control group experienced apneic events. However, there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups regarding the incidence of apneic events (P = 0.58). Ultimately, 20% of the caffeine group and 14% of the control group died.
Conclusions: Although the findings of the present study were not statistically significant, they indicate a decrease in the frequency of apnea events in the group of premature infants receiving caffeine compared to the control group.
Behrooz Karimi, Maryam Shekarpour Roudbari, Katayoun Vakilian, Mohammad Javad Ghanadzadeh, Marjan Mahlouji,
Volume 28, Issue 6 (1-2026)
Abstract
Introduction: Exposure to heavy metals during pregnancy is associated with adverse health outcomes for both the mother and fetus. This study aimed to examine the impact of maternal exposure to heavy metals on pregnancy outcomes.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 270 pregnant women in Arak between 2023 and 2024. Urine samples were collected from 127 participants before 28 weeks of gestation and from 143 participants after 28 weeks until delivery. The concentrations of heavy metals, including lead, cadmium, mercury, arsenic, chromium, nickel, and zinc, were determined using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), a method known for its high accuracy, precision, and reproducibility in simultaneous element measurement. Birth weight, small-for-gestational-age (SGA), and large-for-gestational-age (LGA) infants were assessed. Multivariate linear regression was used to analyze the relationship between heavy metal concentrations and birth weight after adjusting for confounding factors such as maternal age, body mass index, education, and smoking status. Logistic regression models were employed to examine the association between metal concentrations and the likelihood of SGA and LGA outcomes
Results: The mean concentration of lead in maternal urine decreased from 0.7 to 0.65 µg/L, while mercury increased from 1.95 to 2.7 µg/L. Cadmium levels remained stable at 0.46 µg/L. Higher concentrations of lead, cadmium, and nickel were significantly associated with lower birth weight (Beta for lead: -34.0, P = 0.002; cadmium: -21, P = 0.005; nickel: -44, P = 0.01) and increased risk of SGA (OR for lead: 1.04, P = 0.03; cadmium: 1.03, P = 0.042; nickel: 1.12, P = 0.03). Mercury and zinc were linked to a higher likelihood of LGA (OR for mercury: 1.07, P = 0.018; zinc: 1.011, P = 0.012). No significant associations were observed for arsenic and chromium.
Conclusions: Exposure to heavy metals is associated with an increased risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes, such as SGA and reduced birth weight. These findings underscore the need for biomonitoring of heavy metal exposure, maternal education for at-risk populations, and policy measures to mitigate industrial pollution.
