Showing 45 results for Anxiety
Zohreh Salimi, Hamid Sarlak, Mojtaba Bayani,
Volume 28, Issue 1 (3-2025)
Abstract
Introduction: Pain of anesthesia injection in children is necessary and one of the most painful local anesthetics is palatal infiltration anesthesia. So, the purpose of this study was to compare the effect of needle gauge on pain and anxiety during palatal infiltration anesthesia injection in children 4-8 years.
Methods: This triple-blind cross-over clinical trial study was performed on 60 children 4-8 years candidates for pulpotomy and SSC treatment of both maxillary first molar teeth. Based on the sequence of using 27- and 30-gauge needles, children were treated during 2 sessions. The anxiety level of children during palatal infiltration local anesthesia was measured using pulse rate (PR) and the pain level of patients was measured using SEM and FPR (objective and subjective criteria).
Results: Anxiety during palatal anesthesia injection with gauge 27 was higher than gauge 30 (treatment effect < 0.001). In subjective and objective criteria, the injection pain in the palatal mucosa with a 27-gauge needle was higher than 30-gauge needle (treatment effect < 0.001). There was no significant difference between earlier and later injection of palatal infiltration with different gauges during treatment sessions (P < 0.05) and according to 0.021 for the period effect, it can be said that the period of receiving two needle gauges had an effect on the average heart rate difference.
Conclusions: The pain of injection in the palatal mucosa with a 27-gauge needle is higher than with a 30-gauge needle, and the use of a 30-gauge needle in the palatal injection of children 4-8 years causes less discomfort than a 27-gauge needle.
Fateme Tahsinin, Ali Heidarianpour, Elnaz Shokri,
Volume 28, Issue 1 (3-2025)
Abstract
Introduction: Being overweight is associated with increased cortisol secretion, along with heightened anxiety and depression. This study aimed to compare the effect of six weeks of concurrent moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) and high-intensity interval training (HIIT) with HIIT training alone on body composition, plasma cortisol levels, and anxiety and depression levels in overweight male students.
Methods: In this semi-experimental research, 27 overweight students were selected and randomly divided into three groups 9: MICT+HIIT concurrent training, HIIT training, and a control group. The MICT )15 minutes of exercise per day at 60-65% of maximum heart rate with an additional 5 minutes every two weeks). The HIIT (3 minutes of running at 70-75% of maximum heart rate, followed by 3 minutes of active rest at 50% of maximum heart rate, with three repetitions in the first two weeks, four repetitions in the second two weeks, and five repetitions in the final two weeks).
Results: Both types of training protocols resulted in reductions in weight, body mass index, cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, cortisol levels, anxiety, depression, and an increase in high-density lipoprotein (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference between the two types of exercise in terms of effectiveness on these variables; however, only peak oxygen consumption and triglycerides were associated with better changes in the MICT+HIIT group.
Conclusions: For overweight male adolescents aiming for weight loss and improved mental health, HIIT alone is sufficient, and adding MICT does not provide additional clinical benefits.
Elham Mohammadi, Nazanin Amini, Safoora Omidvar, Azam Moslemi, Maede Sadat Alhoseini, Faeze Vabak,
Volume 28, Issue 4 (10-2025)
Abstract
Introduction: Cataract is one of the common causes of disability in the elderly. Candidates for cataract surgery, like any other type of surgery, experience a lot of anxiety, and this anxiety has an adverse effect on their psychological, physiological and post-operative recovery. This study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effect of pre-operative education on the level of anxiety of cataract surgery candidates.
Methods: In this educational experiment, 80 patients who were candidates for cataract surgery were divided into two experimental and control groups using available sampling method. The patients in the test group received the educational intervention and the patients in the control group received the usual ward care. The anxiety levels of the two groups were determined using the Spielberger questionnaire during hospitalization, after surgery, and upon entering the ward. These levels were then compared between the two groups. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Fisher's exact test, Levene's test, Chi-square test, and T-test.
Results: The results did not show a statistically significant difference between the test and control groups before the educational intervention in terms of overt anxiety (p = 0.54) and anxiety (p = 0.20), but after the implementation of the educational intervention, the results showed a statistically significant difference between the two test and control groups in terms of the mean of overt anxiety (p = 0.00) and hidden anxiety (p = 0.002).
Conclusions: The implementation of pre-operative educational intervention leads to the reduction of post-operative patients' anxiety, hence it is suggested that training be performed as a low-cost and effective method in pre-operative care.
Fatemeh Sadat Fatemi, Aezam Vaziri Nasab, Dr Farshid Khosropour,
Volume 28, Issue 5 (12-2025)
Abstract
Introduction: Today, marital infidelity has a significant prevalence among couples, necessitating appropriate interventions to address this destructive behavior. Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of comparing the effectiveness of reality therapy (RT) and acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) on depression and anxiety in women affected by marital infidelity.
Methods: The current research was a semi-experimental study employing a pretest-posttest design with a control group. The statistical population included all women affected by marital infidelity who referred to counseling centers in Kerman city in the first half of 2024. Among these women, 45 were selected as a sample and were randomly assigned to two experimental groups and a control group (15 participants each) by drawing lots. The first experimental group received reality therapy intervention and the second group received ACT intervention, both comprising eight 60-minute sessions. The research instruments were the the Lovibond and Lovibond (1995) depression and anxiety questionnaires. Data were analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA and Bonferroni post-hoc tests.
Results: The results showed that both Reality Therapy and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy were effective in reducing depression and anxiety. Furthermore, Acceptance and Commitment Therapy demonstrated significantly greater effectiveness than Reality Therapy in reducing depression and anxiety among women affected by infidelity (P < 0.001).
Conclusions: The findings of the present study showed that Bonferoni therapy is a more appropriate approach to reduce the harm caused by marital infidelity in women. The main emphasis of this therapy is on cognitive dissonance, the exercises of which make thoughts less anxiety-provoking.
Fatemeh Shariati, Majid Pourfaraj,
Volume 28, Issue 6 (1-2026)
Abstract
Introduction: Adolescence is a stressful stage that can affect the mental health and social adjustment of adolescents. The purpose of this study is to compare the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy and acceptance and commitment therapy on distress tolerance and social adjustment in adolescents with social anxiety.
Methods: This was a quasi-experimental study with a pre-test-post-test design and a control group. The statistical population consisted of male high school students with social anxiety in district one of Babol city, who were studying in the 2022-2023 academic year. From this population, 45 individuals who met the study's entry criteria were selected via purposive sampling and were randomly assigned to three groups (15 in the first experimental group, 15 in the second experimental group, and 15 in the control group). Data were collected using the Bell Social Adjustment Inventory (1961) and the Simmons & Gaher Distress Tolerance Scale (2005). The data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) (P < 0.05).
Results: The findings showed that cognitive behavioral therapy and acceptance and commitment therapy caused a significant increase in distress tolerance and social adjustment of adolescents with social anxiety (P < 0.001), and there was no significant difference between the effectiveness of these treatments on distress tolerance and social adjustment.
Conclusions: The results showed that the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy and therapy based on acceptance and commitment therapy on distress tolerance is not different. Therefore, these two treatment methods can be recommended to improve distress tolerance and social adaptation in adolescents with social anxiety.
