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Introduction: Different strains of Echinococcus Granulosus have been found in endemic areas of Iran. This variation has a significant aspect in the field of medical parasitology and veterinary and also in epidemiology, pathology, control and prevention of Hydatid cyst infection. Morphology, epidemiology and biochemical studies can be carried out to determine Hydatid cyst strains in human and animal origins as host. This study was done to measure different biochemical compositions of liver Hydatid cyst fluids in human, sheep, goat, cattle and camel in 2004.
Materials and Methods: In a cross sectional-analytical study, 112 samples of Hydatid fluids were collected from the liver cysts of different hosts: 16 sheeps, 64 cattles, 12 goats and 10 camels in slaughter houses of Sari and Ghaemshahr and 10 human in Imam hospital. All cyst fluids were centrifuged at 4500 rpm at 4˚C for 45 minutes and the supernatants were analyzed for various biochemical parameters.
Results: Quantitative differences were observed in the levels of Sodium, Glucose, Urea, Alanin Aminotransferase (AST) in liver cystic fluids obtained from different hosts, although these differences were not statistically insignificant. However, differences in the levels of Potassium, Calcium, Triglycerides, Cholesterol, Uric acid, Creatinin, Albumin, Gamma Glutamyl Transferase, Aspartat Aminotransferase (AST) and Creatinine Phosphokinase (CPK) in different Hydatid cyst fluids were statistically significant (P<0.05).
Conclusion: Differences in biochemical composition of different Hydatid cyst fluids suggest the possible existence of more than one strain of Echinococcus Granulosus in human and other intermediate domestic animal hosts in Mazandaran.

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Background: Sex life is one of the most important aspects of quality of life which is affected by a multitude of factors which can disrupt it. This study compares the effects of two different hormonal therapeutic regimens on sexual performance of postmenopausal women. Materials and Methods: In this randomized clinical trial, a total of 111 healthy postmenopausal women with no absolute contraindication for hormone replacement therapy (HRT) were divided into two groups that received GI-Tibolone 2.5mg/day (N=57) and GII-continuous conjugated estrogen (CE) 0.625mg/day plus medroxyprogestrone acetate (MPA) 2.5mg/day (N=54) for six months. At baseline and after 6 months of treatment, blood samples were collected for determining sexual hormones level. Sexual function was assessed by Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI). Data were analyzed using Spss 16. Results: Of all the participants, 45 women in the tibolone group and 32 women in HRT completed the study. Compared with the baseline values, the tibolone group significantly improved on all the six FSFI domains however, in the HRT group, just two of the six domains, lubrication and pain, got improved. The increase in mean total score and the score of each domain of FSFI except for satisfaction domain in the tibolone group was significantly greater than the HRT group (p<0.05). In the tibolone group, testosterone (p=0.003), FTI (p=0.002), and FEI (p=0.021) increased in comparison to the baseline, whereas SHBG decreased (p<0.001). In GII group, SHBG (p=0.001) significantly increased and tibolone was tolerated better than HRT. Conclusion: In post menopausal women, tibolone is more effective than HRT in improving sexual function scores, especially the desire, arousal, and orgasm domains. Its side effects are also much more acceptable.

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Background: Menopause is associated with changes in body composition in postmenopausal women. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of tibolone and continuous combined hormone therapy (HT) on body composition in postmenopausal women. Materials and Methods: In this randomized clinical trial, 120 menopausal women were randomly selected and divided into three groups. Of these, 40 women received 2.5 mg tibolone plus one Cal+D tablet (500 mg carbonate calcium with 200 IU vitamin D) daily, 40 women received 0.625 mg conjugated estrogen combined with 2.5 mg medroxy progesterone acetate plus one Cal+D tablet daily and the rest 40 (the control group) only received one Cal+D tablet daily. All regimes continued for nine months. Body composition was evaluated with measurements of waist to hip ratio (WHR), fat mass (FM), fat-free mass (FFM), body mass index (BMI), and weight before and after intervention. Fat mass and fat free mass were assessed by measurement of skin-fold thickness. Data were analyzed by SPSS software. Results: In the tibolone group, FFM, BMI, and weight significantly increased compared to the baseline (p<0.05). In the HT group, only weight and BMI significantly increased (p<0.05). In the control group, however, BMI, FM, and weight did not significantly increase in comparison with the other groups. Overall, tibolone group showed a more significant increase in comparison with the other groups (p<0.01) Conclusion: From these results, it can be concluded that tibolone can be used in treating menopausal changes in menopausal women as an alternative to continuous combined hormone therapy.

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Background: Menopause being the most critical period, the unfavorable changes in anthropometric and metabolic parameters associated with CVD risk. Metabolic syndrome is the key factor for cardiovascular disease and has become major problem in many countries. With the high prevalence of metabolic syndrome, especially in women after menopause, this study was performed to investigate the relationship between the menopausal age and metabolic syndrome in non-obese postmenopausal women.

Materials and Methods: This cross sectional study on 140 healthy non-obese postmenopausal women who had a BMI less than30 Kg/m2, at 2009 in Ahvaz the data were contained demographic information, menopausal age, BMI, values of HDL-C, FBS, TG serum after 12 houres fasting, blood pressure and waist circumference. We used the Pearson correlation and multiple regression analysis by SPSS15 software.

Results: Menopausal age with FBS (p=0.04) was negatively significant. But there was not any correlation between menopausal age with other Components of metabolic syndrome. [triglycerides (p=0.28), systolic blood pressure (p=0.80) diastolic blood pressure (p=0.48), waist circumference (p=0.08), HDL-C(p=0.65)].

Conclusion: Late menopause has favourable effect on fasting glucose.