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Introduction: Cisplatin is a drug widely used as an antineoplastic drug for treatment of malignant tumors. But because of its side effects on the different systems especially kidney (nephrotoxic), the use of this drug is very limited. Clinical as well as, laboratory animal studies have supported this observations. In this research study we have used stereological technique (3-D) for finding the changes, due to nephrotoxic effect of this drug, in the number of glomeruli in kidney (numerical density and total number).
Materials and Methods: For experimental, 30 rats were separated by random sampling in to 3 groups of 10 animals cache. The first group received acute dose (7.5 mg/kg) of the drug (cisplatin) in serum physiology (experimental group). The second group received equivalent placebo dose in serum physiology through peritoneum (control). The third group received chronic dose (1.25 mg/kg) for 5 days, in serum physiology. All the 30 animals, after 96 hours, were anesthetized, dissected and their right kidneys were removed and placed in fixative (10% formalin). Whole kidney specimens were processed for stereology by special method of sectioning for physical disector and glomeruli number were counted.
Results: Number of glumeroli and numerical density was estimated for experimental groups (control, acute and chronic) was 31707, 30415 and 30802 as well 162, 119, and 140 respectively.
Conclusion: Stereological methods could be very useful for investigation of chemical drug effects in organs with good validity.

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Background: Nowadays, the decline in birth rate is one of the most important social problems in developing societies. Infertility is defined as a failure to conceive in a couple trying to reproduce after one year of regular intercourse without contraception. Leptin have been implicated in maintaining normal female reproductive functions, including lactation, folliculogenesis, ovarian steroidogenesis, the maintenance of mammary gland morphology, the development of dominant follicles and oocytes, the maturation of the uterus endometrium, and menstrual cycle regulation. Sinyle-nucleotide polymorphism T>C found in exon 3 leads to substitution of Arg>Trp at codon 1.5 (R105W). In this case-control study, we aimed to evaluate the association of this polymorphism and the risk of female infertility in the population of Guilan.

Materials and Methods: Blood Samples were collected from 86 patients diagnosed with female infertility and 60 control subjects, and genotyped by allele-specific PCR (AS-PCR). To estimate the association between genotype and allele frequencies in cases and controls, Chi-Square analysis was used.

Results: Analysis revealed no significant differences were found in genotype and allele distributions of LEP Arg105Trp between infertility cases and controls (p=0.21, p=0.2) in this population.

Conclusion: Our findings indicated no significant association between the Arg105Trp polymorphism and female infertility risk (p=0.21). While, more studies are needed to confirm the results.

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Background: In 1970, human papillomavirus (HPV) was introduced as the main etiologic factor of cervical carcinoma. Since there is no possibility of detecting the virus and its subtypes using serological methods and cell culture, the molecular methods such as PCR have particular importance in accurate, early and definite diagnosis of the virus. So, in this research, our goal is to use a proprietary PCR assay based on L1 gene of human papillomavirus for molecular recognition of HPV and to evaluate its prevalence in patient samples.

Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, after collecting of samples from malignant cervical lesions, the viral DNA was extracted from paraffin blocks of 50 clinical samples and PCR was done by specific primers for L1 gene of human papillomavirus in all samples. After the analysis of PCR products by 2% agarose gel electrophoresis, sensitivity and specificity of the test were also evaluated.

Results: Among 50 patient samples, 33 cases were confirmed to be positive for HPV infection and 17 cases were negative, showing high frequency of HPV in this patient population (about 66%). The results of specificity assay were positive for papilloma samples and sensitivity of the assay was 20 copies of recombinant construct containing L1 per reaction.

Conclusion: This study showed that PCR by specific primers for L1 gene of human papilloma virus is a proper and accurate method for detection of this virus and the results confirm the previous reports of correlation between HPV and cervical carcinoma.

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Background: Infertility is a multifactorial disorder with genetic and non-genomic factors. It is estimated that female infertility factors accounts for more than 40%. Estrogen is one of the effective hormons  in fertility. Its crucial actions on target tissues are mediated via binding to estrogen receptors(ESR). The ESR1 gene is located on chromosome 6q25.1 and encodes α estrogen receptor. The aim of this study was to analysis of ESR1 rs104893956 polymorphism in female infertility.

Materials and Methods: In this case-control study, of 60 infertiles and 55 healthy controls, blood samples were attained. After the extraction of genomic DNA from peripheral blood leukocytes, Allele Specific-PCR (AS-PCR) method was applied for determining the codon polymorphism. Statistical analysis was performed using the MedCalc software (Version 12.1).

Results: The frecuency of T allele was significantly higher in patients (58%) than the controls (44%). There was higher frequency of TT genotype of the polymorphism in patients (18.33%) compared with controls (1.8%). Our findings revealed that the patients carrying the TT genotype had a significant increased risk of infertility.

Conclusion: The results of this study suggests that ESR1 rs104893956 polymorphism may affect the increased susceptibility to female infertility in Guilan province. The results may be different in other genetic pools or large-studied population.