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Abstract Background: Side effects of drugs were increased with intractable consumption and this fact is more important in women during pregnancy and lactation period. The aim of this study has been determined the effect of education based on Health Belief Model on self-medication in mothers referring to health centers of Arak. Materials and Methods: In this clinical trial study, 300 mothers referring to health centers of Arak were participated. Data were collected with a questionnaire based on Health Belief Model and a performance checklist about drugs intractable consumption. Before educational intervention, questionnaires and checklists for both groups were completed and then intervention was done during 1 month in 4 sessions, 60 minutes. Data again were collected and then analyzed 3 month after intervention in both groups. Results: Before educational intervention, the rate of knowledge, perceived susceptibility, severity, and benefit of self medication were in the mediate level and the mother's performance about drug intractable consumption were more than mediate. After educational intervention, between two groups had significant difference in all variables and mothers performance in self-medication was reduced (p<0.05). Conclusion: By increasing in mean score of Health Belief Model parts, including: knowledge, perceived susceptibility, severity, and benefit, performance in field of self-medication was reduced. Recommended, training based on this model carried out in other health centers for reducing drugs intractable consumption.

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Background: Poly chlorinated biphenyls (PBCs) are the group of organic chemical materials that have a great chemical stability. These compounds are hazardous pollutants which pose various occupational and environmental problems. This study was conducted to determine the effect of microwave rays, hydrogen peroxide, Tio2 catalyst, and ethanol on the decomposition of PBCs. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, a vessel reactor (250ml volume)that was connected with a tube connector to thecondensor system was used. A microwave oven with a fixed frequency of 2450 MHZ was used to provide microwave irradiation and ray powers used at 540, 720 and 900w. pH and temperature of the samples were continuously monitored and the experiments were repeated three times. Askarel oils were analyzed by GC-ECD. Results: The mean of total PCBS degradation at 540, 720, and 900w was 83.88±1.63, 89.27±2.44, and 95.98±0.81%, respectively. The mean of total PCBS degradation in terms of ratio to solvent with oil transformer in 1:1, 2:1, and 3:1 was 53.8±3.26, 79.04±1.24, and 95.08±1.69%, respectively. The mean of total PCBS degradation in terms of not using H2o2/Tio2 and using H2O2 (20%) and 0.05, 0.1, 0.15, and 0.2 g of Tio2 concurrently was 71.47±0.81, 87.9±2.16, 89.48±1.69, 91.7±1.24, and 93.07±3.09 %, respectively. Conclusion: Using microwave irradiation in the presence of H2O2 oxidant and Tio2 catalyst leads to the reduction of PCBS.

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Abstract

Background: Occupational hygiene is the art and science of the control of the occupational hazards and risk assessment is its most important duty. American Industrial Hygiene Association offered an accurate, sensitive and specific risk assessment method appropriate to the principles of the occupational health. In the present study, Arak Occupational hygienists idea about the strengths, weaknesses, administrative problems and improvement tools was asked.

Materials and Methods: This study is descriptive and analytical research and census in Arak Occupational hygienists(N=53). Data recording forms were designed to improve the appreciation and implementation of the method. An Excel® spreadsheet file was prepared to facilitate the calculations and keeping the recorded data. Experts’ attitude in this regard was evaluated using a questionnaire. Descriptive information was assessed by SPSS software and the relationship between variables was assessed by the Pearson coefficient.

Results Totally, 4% of participants in university were familiar with the method of risk assessment. In this study, 88% of the participants stated that the early identification forms were effective in streamlining the procedure. Furthermore, 84% stated that early identification forms were effective in learning the method. A fundamental issue regarding this method is its simplicity and ability to overall conception; that showed a uniform distribution from appropriate to inappropriate. The relationship between Excel file streamlining and simplicity of its concepts was found to be 0.743.

Conclusion: Application of tools such as identical forms and spreadsheets can help in simplifying and conception of this method and reduce some of the administrative problems.

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