---

---

Introduction:  Atypical  antipsychotic  drugs  in  comparison  with  typical  antipsychotics  produce  fewer  extra  pyramidal  symptoms  at  clinically  effective  doses.  However  there  has  also  been  a  growing  number  of  reports  of  new  onset  diabetes  mellitus  in  patients  receiving  these  drugs. The  aim  of  this  study  was  the  comparison  of  diabetes  mellitus  incidence  in  mentally  janbazan  (Iran-Iraq  war  veterans) undertaken  typical  with  atypical  antipsychotics.
Materials  and  Methods: In  this  study  the  incidence  of  new  onset  Dm  was  assessed in 200  subjects  referred  to  Amiralmomenin  clinic, Isfahan, Iran. Every  patient  was  included  in  this  study  if  he  was  receiving  atypical  or  typical  antipsychotic  drugs  or  combination  of  both  types, at  least  for  one  year.  Sampling  was  convenient. Fasting  blood  sugar, triglyceride  and  cholesterol  before  taking  the  drugs  was  documented  in  their  records. New  onset  DM  was  defined  based  on  126  mg/dl  or  more  for  FBS  which  was  confirmed  with  GTT.  For  comparison  of  FBS  mean  pre  and  post  interventions, NIDDM  incidence, the  relation of  background  variables  with NIDDM  and  the  relation  of  NIDDM  incidence  with  dosages  and  duration  of  drug  therapy, paired t-test, chi-square, logistic  regression  and  ANOVA  were  used.
Results: Subjects  were  divided  into  three  groups  based  on  the  type  of  drugs  used  135 patients  using  typical  antipsychotics  (chlorpromazine, perphenazine, haloperidol, …), 39 patients  using  atypical  antipsychotics  (clozaoine  &  riaperidon)  and  26  patients  receiving  combination  of  drugs. It  was  found  that  DM  developed  following  treatment  in  three  groups  were  12.8%, 6.7%  and  3.8% respectively.  There  was  no  significant  differences  between  three  groups  regarding  the  incidence  of  new  onset  DM.
Conclusion:  Findings  showed  that  patients  treated  with  antipsychotic  drugs  had  a  moderately  increased  risk  of  DM especially  with  atypical  antipsychotics.  It  is  suggested  to  evaluate  every  patients  before  treatment  for  risk  factors  of  DM.
 

---

Background: Vasomotor disorders are one of the most painful menopausal complications that negatively affect the quality of life in menopausal women. This study investigated the effects of omega3 fatty acid on vasomotor disorders in menopausal women. Materials and Methods: This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial study was done on 83 menopausal women aged 45-60 years that had met the inclusion criteria. The participants were randomly assigned to omega3 or placebo groups. Fish oil capsules (containing 300 mg of omega3) or placebo capsules were prescribed to the participants one capsule a day for 8 weeks. Of the 83 patients enrolled, 68 completed the study (omega3 supplement, n=34 placebo n=34). Data collection was done through demographic questionnaire, daily self report, and food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Data were analyzed by t-test, Chi square, Fiedman, and Mann-Whitney tests using SPSS software version 18. Results: After 8 weeks of intervention, there was a significant difference in HF frequency (p=0.003) and nightsweats frequency (p=0.001) between the two groups. There was no significant difference in HF intensity between the two groups (p=0.2) but reduction of nightsweats intensity was significant between the two groups (p=0.003). Conclusion: Omega3 affected the reduction of HF frequency and nightsweats frequency and intensity but it did not have a significant effect on the severity of HF.

---

Background: Risky behaviours are defined as behaviours that cause bad and unpleasant outcomes. Risky behaviours result in the incidence of accident in the workplace. The aim of this study was to determine workers’ risky behaviours associated with safety and health in SAIPA Car Manufacturing Company, Iran.

Materials and Methods: In a cross-sectional study using randomized quota sampling, 302 workers exposed to the incidence of accidents were selected. Data were collected concurrently by trained safety experts using self-fulfilment researcher-made questionnaire and direct observation. Validity and reliability of the data collection tool was determined prior to the study.

Results: The findings revealed that low back pain, hand pain, leg pain, and respiratory diseases as the most common diseases with 86.4, 58.9, 40, and 33% prevalence rates, respectively. The maximum prevalence rates of unsafe and unhealthy behaviours were 66 and 57% , respectively. In general, unsafe behaviours were higher among shift workers, especially night shift workers (p<0.001). Unhealthy behaviours were higher among assembling line staff, welders, retouching staff, technicians, wet painters, and production line workers (p<0.001).

Conclusion: The relatively high prevalence of unsafe and unhealthy behaviours necessitates intervention for controlling and preventing work injuries and, as a result, reduction of musculoskeletal and respiratory diseases, especially with regards to more prevalent behaviours and related sectors and high risk subgroups.

---

Background: Irisin is a new myokine that exerts its positive effects via increasing energy expenditure. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of submaximal aerobic training on serum irisin level and irisin-related insulin-resistance change in obese men.

Materials and Methods: In this study, 26 obese men were selected as statistical sample and they were divided into experimental groups. Former group (13 men) consisted of subjects who carried out exercise training with 50-60 percent of maximum max heart rate for 10 continuous weeks (3 sessions per week for 30 to 45 minutes in each session). Later group was consisted of subjects who do not carried out exercise training. After  the interventions of study, irisin serum levels, insulin resistance indices, body composition and maximum oxygen consumption were determined.  Finally, data were analyzed by Stata software.

Results: Statistical data analysis illustrated that the amounts of irisin serum were significantly increased in exercise training group than control group (14.75±6.22; p=0.022) after the intervention. Also, only body fat percentage (1.242±0.57) and max oxygen consumption (1.509±0.328) of subjects were significantly increased (p=0.034 and p=0.0001, respectively). However, there were not statistically significant changes in irisin- related insulin-resistance indices (p>0.05).    

Conclusion: Current study presented that serum irisin was increased after 30 submaximal exercise training sessions regardless of insulin resistance changes in obese men.

---

Abstract

Background: Protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) is a key enzyme in dephosphorylation of the insulin receptor (IR) and it is a central factor to induce the insulin resistance. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of 12-week aerobic training on protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B gene expression and insulin resistance in diabetic rats.

Materials and Methods: In this study, 16 Wistar rats were divided into aerobic training and control groups. After inducing diabetes intra protaneally, aerobic training group performed training protocol for 12 weeks and 5 session/week. The duration and speed of each session increased progressively as 18 to 26 m/min and 10 to 55 min, respectively. Then, blood and tissue (from gastrocnemius) sampling were carried out in diabetic rats. Insulin resistance markers and PTP1B gene expression were evaluated by commercial kits and Real-Time PCR method, respectively.

Results: Findings showed that PTP1B significantly was decreased in diabetic rats of aerobic training group (p=0.0001). Also, glucose and insulin resistance significantly was decreased in aerobic training groups (p=0.02 and p=0.006, respectively). However, insulin in control rats was significantly increased (p=0.015).

Conclusion: It seems that, current aerobic training protocol has capability to decrease PTP1B and insulin resistance in diabetic rats. Furthermore, the direct correlation between PTP1B and insulin illustrated that any changes in insulin resistance due to exercise training associated with diminution of negative regulation of insulin signaling pathway.

---

Abstract

Background: In response to the exercise, variety of inflammatory and anti-inflammatory changes in cytokines were occurred into the tissue spaces and also to the systemic circulation. The purpose of the current study was to determine the effect of three-week intensive interval training on Lipocalin-2 and Interleukin1-β in healthy and adult rat hippocampus.

Materials and Methods: Twenty Wistar rats were divided into training and control groups. Training group performed 15 (bouts) × 4 (min) exercise training for 60 min with 85 to 90% of VO_2max used for four sessions/week (for 3 weeks). Then, blood (for ELISA analyzing) and tissue sampling was performed from rat’s hippocampus and they were evaluated by using a Real-Time PCR method. Also, independent and paired t tests were used to define within and between group differences.

Results: Findings showed that gene translations of Lipocalin-2 and Interleukin1-β were significantly decreased in rat’s hippocampus (p=0.0001 and p=0.0001, respectively). Also, similar decreases were shown in serum levels of Lipocalin-2 and Interleukin1-β in rats (p=0.017 and p=0.003, respectively).

Conclusion: It seems that significant decrease of Lipocalin-2 subsequent of short-time intensive interval training is due to decreasing and significant changes in Interleukin1-β. Also, current training protocol on treadmill can significantly decrease levels of Lipocalin-2 and Interleukin1-β in rat serum and hippocampus.

---