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Introduction: Sensory stimulation of comatos patients is an important nursing intervention for increasing their LOC and tactile stimulation especially massage is one of the most important stimulations. The nurse as a person, who is responsible for this, must know the effects of this intervention on patients. But there are some conflicts about this intervention's effects especially on vital signs (pulse, blood pressure and respiration). This study was done to determine the effect of massage on comatos patient's vital signs who were hospitalized in intensive care unit. Materials and Methods: This study is a clinical trial. Samples were consisted of 100 comatos patients, divided into two equal groups randomly. The two groups were matched in age, geneder and glascow coma scale. Samples in experimental group received 20 minutes massage on their back, feet and hands in three continuous days. Vital signs in experimental group were measured before and immediately after intervention and vital signs in control group were measured at the same time with experimental group. A check list used was used for collecting data. Data was analyzed using descriptive and analytic statistics (T, paired T and Chi-square tests). Results: Findings showed that massage decreased vital signs significantly as followed: pulse rate and diastolic blood pressure in each three days (p<0.05), systolic blood pressure in first and third days (p<0.05), respiration rate in second day (p<0.05). Conclusion: This study showed that massage can decrease comatos patients' vital signs which can be the indicator of their relaxation and decreasing stress.

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Background: Existence of extended spectrum B-lactamase (ESBL) genes plays an important role in spreading B-lactam antibiotic resistance in the producing strains of these enzymes. The resistance of gram-negative bacteria, such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, to different antimicrobial agents, especially B-lactam and carbapenem, has increasingly been reported. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of TEM-1 beta-lactamases in Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates through Duplex PCR. Materials and Methods: In this descriptive-analytic study, 175 Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates collected from burn patients were subjected to bacteriological tests. The samples were cultured and identified according to standard methods. Then the frequency of ESBL producing strains was determined via the combined disk method. Using boiling method, DNA was extracted and examined for the existence of TEM-1 gene by Duplex PCR. Results: Out of the 175 Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates, 66 (37.7%) were ESBL positive, 15.15% of which were positive for TEM-1 B-lactamases resistance gene. Conclusion: Noticing the increasing rate of the ESBLs producing strains, using the appropriate treatment protocol based on the antibiogram pattern of the strains is highly recommended.

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Background: Physalis Alkekengi is a perennial plant with a creeping and ryzumy stem belonging to the solanaceae family. This study investigates the possible effects of Physalis Alkekengi on plasma concentrations of some biochemical factors. Materials and Methods: Fifty male Wistar rats weighing an average of 190 ± 5 g were divided into five groups of ten: Control group without receiving any substances, control group with 2.0 ml/dl administration of the solvent, and three experimental groups receiving 0.4 (maximum), 0.2 (medium), and 0.1 (minimum) g/kg intra-peritoneal (IP) injections of the drug. The intra-peritoneal (IP) injection of the drug was done for 14 days and after this period, for conducting lab tests, blood sampling was done and the results were analyzed through ANOVA and Tukey test. Results: According to the results, protein and albumin plasma concentrations showed a significant increase (P<0.05) while creatinine plasma concentration, bilirubin, and urea nitrogen (BUN) did not reveal any significant changes. Conclusion: This family of plants contains significant amounts of glucocorticoids, such compounds are likely to increase liver and plasma proteins. In addition, due to the presence of compounds, such as physaline, vitamin C, and albumin, this extract is likely to increase blood pressure and, eventually, increase glomerulic refinement and diuretic properties therefore, the absence of significant increases in plasma concentrations of the substances produced by metabolism in plasma seems reasonable

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Background:Noticing the side effects associated with chemical drugs, using natural medicinal plants has gained more prominence recently. Physalis alkekengi extract is a medicinal plant belonging to Solanaceae family which similar to most drugs used in traditional medicine, despite possessing a multitude of medicinal properties, has not received sufficient attention. The aim of the present study was to briefly review the effects of Physalis alkekengi extract on the concentration of thyroid hormones, blood cholesterol, some plasma biochemical factors, liver function, immune system, and sexual hormones. Due to the extensive usage of Physalis alkekengi extract in traditional medicine, determining its advantages and possible side effects is of great physiologic and pharmacologic significance. Physalis alkekengi extract due to the presence of such effective substances as alkaloids, lycopene, glucocorticoids, alcoholic agents, and a large amount of vitamin C as well as antioxidant properties can play a significant role in changes in body homeostasis. This study dealt with the function and effect of Physalis alkekengi extract on different body organs through using proper keywords and extensive online search through electronic databases and credible sources. The results of this mini-review showed that Physalis alkekengi extract can bring about various significant changes in different body organs that have not been properly recognized. Therefore, further and more extensive studies should be done on this plant.