Background: Sudden visual loss is one of the emergent problems that it may be a sign of a life-threatening disease. It should be quickly evaluated and identified the treatable causes.

Case report: A young man without any history of certain disease was referred to the emergency department with complaints of sudden blindness. He was presented with fever, coriza symptoms and progressive blurring of vision that ultimately led to his visual loss. After carefully evaluation, finally suspected diagnosis of acute fulminant multiple sclerosis was made.

Discussion: Multiple sclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease that is associated with acute attacks of neurological dysfunction. Some of these attacks are an emergent situation and need to early detection and treatment. There is a variant of Multiple sclerosis that called Acute Fulminant Multiple sclerosis which can cause sudden visual loss.

Background: Oxidative stress and antioxidant status may be associated with glaucomatous damage. The purpose of this study was to compare the serum antioxidant status between primary angle closure glaucoma patients and healthy subjects.

Materials and Methods: In this case-control study 66 primary angle closure glaucoma patients and 80 controls were enrolled. Peripheral blood sample obtained from patients. Superoxide dismutase(SOD) was assayed by inhibition the rate of adrenochrome formation. Catalase (CAT) was evaluated by decrease of H2O2 absorbance. Glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and Glutathione reductase (GR) were determined following NADP oxidation or reduction. Glutathione S-transferase (GST) was measured by increase in the absorbance of CDNB and glutathione conjugation.

Results: Antioxidant defense enzymes were significantly decreased in glaucoma patients over those of control groups. CAT (p<0.006), SOD (p<0.020) and GPX (p<0.004). A relative insignificant decrease of GR and GST activities was observed in glaucoma patients compared with healthy subjects.

Conclusion: The present study supports the hypothesis that oxidative stress is an important factor in the pathogenesis of glaucoma. Although primary angle closure glaucoma has an anathomical basis but decrease in antioxidant defense enzymes activities may have a role in pathogenesis of this type of glaucoma.