Showing 5 results for Sepahvand
Tooraj Sepahvand,
Volume 22, Issue 2 (6-2019)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Depression and social anxiety are prevalent disorders in children, that are related to cognitive pathology of parents. This research has been conducted with the aim of comparing depression and social anxiety in primary school children of normal mothers with high and low levels of cognitive flexibility.
Materials and Methods: This research was a causal-comparative design study. The population of the research was all the fourth to sixth grade of primary school children of Arak city (and their mothers) in 2016-2017 years. For selecting the research sample, the method of convenience sampling was used. Thus, based on scores of mothers in Cognitive Flexibility Scale, two groups of mothers with high and low levels of cognitive flexibility were selected, and the scores of their children that responsed to Children’s Depression Inventory and Social Anxiety Scale for Children and Adolescents, were compared by Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA).
Ethical Considerations: This study with research ethics code IR.ARAKMU.REC.1397.298 has been approved by research ethics committee at Arak University of Medical Sciences.
Findings:The results indicated significant difference in the liner composition of dependent variables of two groups. (wilks, lambda= 0.892, F97,2= 14.474, p< 0.000). Univariate analysis of variance indicated that the children of mothers with low level of cognitive flexibility have more depression and social anxiety compared to children of mothers with high level of cognitive flexibility.
Conclusion: In general, cognitive flexibility of mothers is related to depression and social anxiety of children, probably by ability to perceive difficult situations as controllable, perceive alternative explanations of human behaviors and generate alternative solutions to difficult situations of responding to children. Therefore, mothers need to be more educated and refined in their cognitive flexibility so that they can cause more improvement in depression and social anxiety of children.
Fatemeh Sadat Hashemi, Mojtaba Habibi , Sara Sepahvand, Ali Moghaddam Zadeh, Fahimeh Lavassani,
Volume 22, Issue 3 (8-2019)
Abstract
Background and Aim: The aim of this study was to present a conceptual model of spiritual well-being in prevention of substance abuse in adolescent.
Materials and Methods: The present study was done with a qualitative meta-synthesis with systematic review of the studies present in the foreign and Iranian journals about spiritual well-being and the role of them in prevention of substance abuse in adolescents. The population of this study consisted of non-interventional archive studies that were done during 1986 -2016 in Oxford Journal, Science Direct, Wiley Online Library, Taylor&Francis, ProQuest, Springer, Iranmedex, Irandoc, SID and Magiran. Keywords were including of spiritual well-being, spirituality, prevention of substance abuse and adolescents.
Ethical Considerations: This study with ethics code 8797/1129 has been approved by Farabi Campus of University of Tehran.
Findings: After reviewing and evaluating the quality of the research, eventually 73 papers and theses included 8 Persian articles, 65 English papers including 11 theses and 54 articles were found and dissertations and finally conceptual model based on fisher (1998) theory's, wree presented. On this ground, subcategory of spiritual well-being was consisted of three theme of relationship with others, relationship with self and relationship with God. Each of them consisted of two subtheme of psychological health (interpersonal and intimate) and psychological well-being(interpersonal and intimate).
Conclusion: The results showed that spiritual well-being influenced on multiple dimensions of adolescent psychological health and well-being and prevention of adolescent substance abuse from this way.
Tooraj Sepahvand, Jalil Moradi,
Volume 22, Issue 5 (11-2019)
Abstract
Background and Aim There is a high correlation between depression and anxiety in children which are also related to laterality. This study aimed to compare generalized anxiety and social anxiety in sinistral and dextral children with depression symptoms.
Methods & Materials This is a cross-sectional study with a causal-comparative design. The study population consisted of all primary students (fourth to sixth grade) of Arak Province in Iran. A convenience sampling method was used to select study samples. Prior to study, following questionnaires were completed: Children's Depression Inventory, Brief Scale of Generalized Anxiety Disorder, and Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale for Children and Adolescents. Then, those with depression score of 19 and higher were assigned into two groups of sinistral (n=31) and dextral (n=35), and compared in terms of generalized anxiety and social anxiety.
Ethical Considerations This study obtained its ethical approval form the Research Ethics Committee of Arak University of Medical Sciences (code: IR.ARAKMU.REC.1397.298).
Results The results of multivariate analysis of variance showed a significant difference in two study varia-bles between groups (P=0.001). Moreover, based on the results of univariate analysis of variance, sinistral children had higher generalized anxiety compared to dextral children; however, they were not significantly different in terms of social anxiety.
Conclusion Considering the higher vulnerability of depressed sinistral children to anxiety disorders, they are more likely to need specific ways of preventing and treating depression and generalized anxiety disorder.
Ali Khazaee, Mohammad Ali Sepahvandi, Fazlolah Mirdarikvand,
Volume 27, Issue 4 (10-2024)
Abstract
Introduction: The main consequence of heart failure is a decline in patients' functional abilities, leading to limitations in occupational and social-family tasks, as well as impairments in cognitive and emotional health, ultimately resulting in a reduced quality of life. This research was conducted to assess the effectiveness of emotion regulation training in improving the quality of life and life expectancy of cardiovascular patients referred to health centers in Khorram Abad City.
Methods: The current research used a semi-experimental design of pre-test-post-test type and three-month follow-up with experimental and control groups. The statistical population of the research included all patients with cardiovascular diseases referred to the health centers of Khorram Abad City in 2023. Among the statistical population, 40 people were selected by direct sampling and randomly divided into two experimental (20 people) and control (20 people) groups. The experimental group was trained in emotion regulation during eight 90-minute sessions for 8 weeks. Both groups completed the World Health Organization Quality of Life Questionnaire (WHO-QOL-BREF) and Schneider et al.'s (1991) Life Expectancy Questionnaire in the pre-test, post-test, and follow-up. The multivariate covariance analysis method and Bonferroni post hoc test were used to analyze the results.
Results: The results showed that emotional regulation training is efficacious in improving the quality of life and life expectancy of cardiovascular patients (P < 0.01), and this effect remained stable in the three-month follow-up phase (P < 0.01).
Conclusions: Emotion regulation training is recommended to enhance cardiovascular patients' quality of life and life expectancy.
Mostafa Biglari, Alireza Bahrami, Tooraj Sepahvand,
Volume 28, Issue 5 (12-2025)
Abstract
Introduction: The choice between an active and an inactive lifestyle can have significant physical and cognitive consequences, highlighting a need for further research focusing on the cognitive aspects. The present study aimed to compare executive functions among endurance athletes, resistance athletes, non-athletes, and obese individuals.
Methods: The present study was a descriptive study with a causal-comparative design. The statistical population of the research consisted of men between the ages of 20 and 35 years from Famenin city (Hamadan province). A total of 80 participants were selected and divided into four groups (20 subjects each): endurance athletes, resistance athletes, non-athletes, and obese individuals. Executive functions were assessed using the computerized Tower of London and N-back tests, which measure the components of planning, problem-solving, and working memory, respectively. Data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey's post-hoc tests, with the significance level set at P < 0.05.
Results: The results indicated significant differences in executive functions among the groups. In the components of planning, problem-solving, and working memory, the performance of the non-athletes, resistance, and endurance groups was significantly better than the obesity group. Furthermore, the resistance and endurance athletes performed better than the non-athletes group. In addition, the endurance group was better than the resistance group only in the planning and problem-solving component, and no difference was observed between them in working memory.
Conclusions: Weight control and performing endurance and resistance exercises can be useful for people from a cognitive aspect, and perhaps in some cognitive areas, endurance exercise is more beneficial than resistance exercise.
