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Introduction: Regarding the extensive use of IUD, as contraception. The present study was conduced to evaluate the complications resulting from muliload 375 and T Cu 380A IUD inserted in women referred to the health and treatment settings of Kermanshah medical sciences university in the year 2002.
Materials and Methods: The study was descriptive-analytic, on 122 women using M.L 375 IUD and 245 others using T 380A IUD were fully assessed. The tools used to collect data were questionnaires evaluating the following variables: Pregnancy, bleeding, ectopic pregnancy, uterine perforation, and expulsion, pelvic inflammation disease (PID). To analyze the data, descriptive statistic and X², student-T and Fisher tests were used.
Results: Severe bleeding during menstrual cycle was the most common complication in the two study groups, especially in the multiload 375 IUD group (75% vs. 41.6%; P<0.001). The multiload 375 IUD had a significantly higher dysmenorrhea rate compared to the T cu 380A (%70.8 vs. %40.8; P<0.001). The rate of intera-uterine pregnancy was low for the two device %1.7 vs. %2, and occurrence of ectopic pregnancy in multiload 375 IUD was 0.8% and in T Cu 380A group was not reported. There was no uterine perforation observed for either device.
Conclusion: According to the results gained, the common complications in each group were not dangerous and their severe and threatening complications were uncommon. The most frequent complications were severe bleeding during menstrual period, dysmenorrhea and spotting which were not life threating and could be controlled by supporting and training their users, although these complications were seen more among those using M.L 375 IUD. These two device were effective enough to prevent pregnancy. It seems that using T Cu 380A IUD is more suitable for those who want to have a long-term contraception.

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Background: Due to concerns over the negative impacts of PCB compounds on environment and their persistence, their production, use, and import has been banned in some countries. More recently, the Chemical Treaty on Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) has listed PCBs among priority chemicals for eventual elimination by 2025. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of solvents on the photodegradation of askarel oils using photolysis for reducing their hazards. Materials and Methods: The photochemical reactor, used in this experimental trial, was based on photolysis through UV/ H2O2 with a 500 ml beaker and low-pressure mercury lamp with a wavelength of 254 nm. The lamp was immersed in the beaker. The temperature and PH of the samples were constantly monitored. The experiments were repeated three times. Askarel oils were analyzed by GC/ECD. Results: The means of degradation of total PCBs due to the use of lamp for ethanol solvent and isooctane were 88% and 77%, respectively. The mean degradation of total PCBs in terms of the applied solvent ratio to the oil transformer for 1:1, 2:1, and 3:1 values for ethanol and isooctane were 55%, 85%, and 88%, and 40%, 77%, and 78%, respectively. Conclusion: Photolysis of PCB compounds in the presence of ethanol solvents, isoocatnes with strong oxidants such as H2O2, indicated their degradation or reduction in oil transformers with lower energy, and no yield of toxic byproducts. There was a significant difference in the employment of ethanol solvent and isooctane in degradation of askarel oil.

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Background: Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) has several variant signs and it often presents as an acute monophasic paralyzing illness provoked by a preceding infection. Campylobacter jejuni infection is the most commonly identified cause of GBS while cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr virus, and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections have also been associated with GBS. Case: A 55-year-old villager man who was an animal keeper was admitted to Vali-Asr Hospital with symptoms of general weakness, fever, and night sweats. With positive serology of brucellosis (Wright=1:1280, 2ME =1:640), the patient was treated with rifampin, doxycyclin, and tereptomycin (1g/daily). Having received 9 injections of streptomycin, with weakness in the right extremity, the patient was hospitalized. Brain MRI and CT-Scan were reported normal. Within two days, however, the extremity weakness progressed and spread to 4 extremities (2.5 at the proximal and 3.5 in the distal). Generalized areflexia occurred and, three days later, impaired swallowing and facial weakness ensued. Streptomycin was discontinued upon admission. EMG indicated acute and severe demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy. CSF analysis confirmed Guillain Barre Syndrome while Wright test for CSF was negative. The patient was admitted to the ICU and underwent intubation with progressed paralysis of four limbs, the patient died in 8 days after hospitalization. Conclusion: In endemic areas, brucellosis should be considered in patients with Guillain Barre syndrome.

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Background: H.pylori is one of the most common chronic bacterial infections in population so more than 85 percent are infected in Iran. H.pylori can cause different gastrointestinal disease like gastritis, peptic ulcers and even cancer. One of the effective factors in pathogenesis of bacteria is cytotoxin associated with gene A (cagA). Strains with cagA gene are more virulent. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of cagA gene of H.pylori in patients with gastric disorders who were admitted to Imam Hossein Hospital, Tehran. Materials and Methods: In this descriptive study, DNA was extracted from 84 paraffin- embedded tissues using QiaAmp tissue kit. H.pylori was verified with PCR of 16sRNA sequences specific for Helicobacter spices and cagA gene was determined using specific primer by the PCR method. The prevalence of cagA gene in three clinical groups gastritis, gastric ulcer, and atrophic patients was compared. Results: Among 84 H.pylori positive isolates ,72 biopsy samples were positive for 16sRNA (85.7%) and 46 (63.9%) for cagA. The prevalence of cagA positive strains in peptic ulcer patients (43.5%) was greater than in those with gastritis (30%). Conclusion: Results showed that Helicobacter pylori strains with cagA are more common in patients with peptic ulcer and cancer.

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Background: Anthrax is a common disease among human and livestock which is caused by Bacillus anthracis. Bacillus anthracis has two strong immunogenic proteins: Protective antigen (PA) and lethal factor domain I (LFD1) that have always been considered as vaccine candidates against Bacillus anthracis. The aim of this study is to express and purify the lethal factor domain I (LFD1) in Escherichia coli and produce polyclonal antibody against it in mice. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, LFD1 gene was amplified with BamH I and Xho I restriction site by PCR. After isolation, the gene was cloned to the expression vector pET28a (+). This vector was transformed to E. coli-BL21 (DE3) PLysSto to express LFD1 gene. The expression of LFD1 gene was induced by IPTG. After protein purification by affinity chromatography, the produced antigen was injected into mice for four times. Then the produced polyclonal antibody in mice serum was evaluated. Results: The cloned LFD1 gene in pET28a (+) vector was confirmed by PCR, enzymatic analysis, and sequencing. The expressed and purified recombinant protein was confirmed by SDS-PAGE and Western blotting. Finally, the isolated polyclonal antibody from mice serum was evaluated and confirmed by ELISA test. Conclusion: Noticing the appropriate expression, easy purification of LFD1, and the titer of produced polyclonal antibody against LFD1 in mice due to its immunogenicity, it can be considered as a good vaccine candidate against anthrax.

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Background: Glaucoma is the second most common cause of blindness and it is one of the main causes of irreversible blindness. Multi-drug regimens usually recommended in reducing intraocular pressure (IOP) in patients with glaucoma. This study was aimed to compare the effect of combination therapy with Timolol and Latanoprost vs. Timolol and Dorzolamide in reducing IOP in patients with open-angle glaucoma.

Materials and Methods: In this blind randomized clinical trial study, 60 eyes with glaucoma were randomly assigned to two treatment groups including Timolol and Latanoprost vs. Timolol and Dorzolamide. Required variables were measured before and 6 weeks after the intervention. The data was analyzed by running the Stata software (version 12) at a significance level of 0.05.

Results: The mean age in groups of Timolol-Latanoprost and Timolol and Dorzolamide was 72.6 and 67.6 years old, respectively. Analysis of the data revealed that there was no significant difference between groups in terms of intraocular pressure (IOP), visual acuity and cup to disc ratio.

Conclusion: According to our findings, there were no statistical significant differences in the IOP lowering effect between both treatments in open angle glaucoma patients.

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Abstract

Background: Human exposure to air pollution is associated with an increased risk of diseases such as heart failure, asthma and cancer. It has been suggested that oxidative stress is involved in air pollution-induced disorders. Recently, γ-glutamyltransferase (GGT) is known as a marker of oxidative stress. This study was aimed to evaluate the effect of exposure to outdoor air pollution on enzyme activity of GGT and also usage of GGT serum level as a marker for studying of harmful effects of air pollution in the resident with high air pollution level.

Materials and Methods: In this analytical cross-sectional study, 110 healthy adult men, never-smoking, who worked in an area with high air pollution and 90 men who worked in an area with low air pollution, as control group, were enrolled. All subjects were in the age range of 25-45 years with minimum work history of three years. The GGT activity in the serum samples was determined using a spectrophotometric method.

Results: Our results showed that the serum levels of GGT in the subjects in the areas with high air pollution (33.92 ± 1.61 U/L) did not differ significantly with those of control region (33.62 ± 1.74 U/L).

Conclusion: Overall, this study did not support the hypothesis that GGT enzyme could be considered as an oxidative stress marker following exposure to outdoor air pollution. Further studies with a larger sample sizes and also trials in other areas are required to confirm these results.

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