Journal of Arak University of Medical Sciences

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The Comparison of Oxidative Stress Between Smokers and Nonsmokers

Akram Ranjbar, Hajar Rajabian, Yhya Jand, Elahe Mirza Zadeh, Akram Esmaili , Sara Ghasemi Nejad , Ali Akbar Malekirad,
Volume 7, Issue 3 (Autumn 2004)

Abstract

Introduction: Disturbance between production of free radicals and antioxidant defense is named oxidative stress. One of the main sources of free radicals is smoking that induce oxidative stress.
Materials and Methods: This is a cross sectional study in which questionnaires including information such as age, sex, education, history and number of smoking and history of special disease were filled. Case group were smokers (n=43) who were smoking at least 5 years and their mean age was 37.7 year. The control group was consisted of 43 nonsmokers which were matched for age and sex. They were evaluated for oxidative stress markers including thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) indicator of lipid peroxidation (LPO), ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) indicator of total antioxidant capacity, total thiol (SH) groups and gammaglutamyl transferase (GGT) levels in blood.
Results: Results showed that induction of oxidative stress in smokers as revealed by decreased FRAP (1.89±0.03 vs 2.24±0.04, p=0.01) and plasma Sh groups (0.22±0.08 vs 0.81±0.48, p=0.01) in comparison to those of controls. The activity of GGT and level of LPO increased but were not significant . Also the correlation between history of smoking and oxidative stress was not significant.
Conclusion: It is concluded that smoking have decreased FRAP and SH groups which may put smokers at future consequences of oxidative stress. It seems that improving antioxidant system in smokers is effective.

Effect of progesterone administration in newborns rats on Morris Water Maze learning susceptibility after adolescence

Mohammad Reza Palizvan, Hajar Rajabian, Elahe Mirzazadeh, Yahya Jand, Ehsan Alah Ghaznavi Rad,
Volume 11, Issue 4 (12-2008)

Abstract

Background: Although the roles of steroid hormones in the activation and maintenance of reproductive function are proved well, emerging evidence indicated that these steroids influence on performance of learning and memory. These effects are complex and vary with task, gender, and age, as well as the regimens of steroid exposure. This study was carried out in order to assess the role of progesterone administration in newborns rats on Morris water maze learning ability after adolescence.

Methods and Materials : This experimental study was carried out on 36 newborns Wistar rats. Rats were divided randomly into 6 groups female progesterone, male progesterone, female sesamoide, male sesamoid rats and male and female control rats. Progesterone groups were treated with a single injection of progesterone (100 mg/kg) and sesamoid groups were received the same volume of sesamoid oil as the progesterone vehicle in day 1 or 2 after brith, 60 days later, spatial memory ability was determined in Morris water maze.

Results : The results of this study show that water maze learning can enhance by administration of sesamoid oil in newborn female pups in compared to progesterone and control groups (p<0.05). In addition, adding progesterone to sesame oil reduce water maze learning to control level.

Conclusion: The hypothesis that progesterone impaired spatial reference memory in female rats was supported by this experiment.

Investigating the Causes of Body Dysmorphic Disorder in Women: Content Analysis

Ali Azam Rajabian, Mohammad Javad Asghari Ebrahimabad, Hamidreza Aghamohammadian Sharbaf, Seyed Kazem Rasoolzadeh Tabatabaei,
Volume 25, Issue 3 (August & September 2022)

Abstract

Background and Aim There is almost no accurate information about the causes of body dysmorphic disorder. Many patients with body dysmorphic disorder who apply for plastic surgery show a negative response to these treatments and sometimes the symptoms get worse. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the causes of body dysmorphic disorder in women.
Methods & Materials The present research was a qualitative study with a content analysis type. Variables and categories were obtained by interviewing 15 experts and eight people with body dysmorphic disorder and reviewing 71 articles. Also, to diagnose body dysmorphic disorder, Yale Brown’s Practical Obsession Questionnaire was used in addition to the interviews. The sampling method in this research was purposive sampling. Data analysis was done in three stages: open, central, and selective coding. The validity of the components was checked by calculating the content analysis index.
Ethical Considerations In the research, before the interview, written consent was received regarding the specificity and confidentiality of the research (Code: IR.UM.REC.1401.105).
Results The influential factors in body dysmorphic disorder were: a. Cultural and social factors b. Psychological factors, and c. Biological factors.
Conclusion According to the obtained results, several factors play a role in the occurrence of body dysmorphic disorder, and their identification in different environments, cultures, and societies provides the possibility of developing preventive measures, and designing and developing a suitable treatment model. However, to increase the external validity of the research, it is suggested to conduct similar research in other societies.

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