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Introduction: Iron  deficiency  anemia  is  the  most  common  type  of  anemia  in  the  world  and  the  most  important  disease  which  has  overlapping  diagnosis  with  it  is  &  thalassemia  minor.  For  diagnosis  of  theses  two  diseases, serum  ferritin  measurement  and  hemoglobin  laboratories  throughout  the  country  now, finding  some  tests  which  are  easier. More available  and  cheaper  for  different  of  these  two  mentioned  diseases, are  useful.  Therefore  in  this  article, reticulocyte  counting  test, after  a  short  period  of  iron  consumption, was  evaluated.
Material  and  Method: This  study  is  descriptive  and  cross-sectional. The  sample  population  consists  of  69  patient  with  hypochromic  microcytic  anemia  which  serum  ferritin  measurement, reticulocyte  counting  and  hemoglobin  electrophoresis  for  each  of  there  were  done.  After  7  days  treatment  with  oral  iron  tablet, reticulocyte  counting  test  for  each  of  them  was  done.  If  reticulocyte  counting  test  had  increased, the  patient  was  considered  as  iron  deficiency  anemia, on  the  other  hand, the  results  of  reticulocyte  count  test  was  compared  with  serum  ferritin  test  and  hemoglobin  electrophoresis  results  and  then, sensitivity  as  well  as  specificity  of  mentioned  test, were  analysised.
Results: Sensitivity  and  specificity  of  mentioned  test  for  iron  deficiency  anemia  were  82  and  67  percent  and  in  B  thalassemia  minor  were  64  and  78  percent, respectively. These  results  show  high  sensitivity  of  this  test  for  iron  deficiency  anemia  and  high  specificity  for  B  thalassemia  minor.
Conclusion:  It  seems  that, in  circumstance  which  serum  ferritin  measurement  and  hemoglobin  electrophoresis  aren’t  available, applying  reticulocyte  count  test  for  deferenciation  of  these  two  diseases, is  helpful.

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Introduction: One  of  the  most  important  health  problems  of  the  country  is  parasitic  infections, specially  intestinal  parasites  which  have  relatively  high  prevalence  rate  through  out  the  world. Theses  infections  can  cause  iron  deficiency  anemia, physical  and  mental  retardation  among  children  and  family  members.  Since  mothers  come  to  account  as  the  base  of  the  family  and  each  their  deviation  of  health  can  consider  as  a  risk  factor  for  them  and  the  other  family  members, this  study  was  conducted  to  determining  prevalence  rate  of  intestinal  parasitic  infections  among  mothers  and  associated  demographic  factors.
Materials  and  Methods:  This  survey  is  a  descriptive  analytical  study  which  cross-sectionaly  was  done  based  on  systematic  randomized  sampling  method  on  1650.  Mothers  in  three  regions  of  the  town.  Their  feces  were  examined  three  times  by  formalin  ether  concentration  technique.  Of course  for  gathering  data  about  demographic  factors, questionires  were  filled  all  infected  mothers.
Results: of  1650  case, 801  mothers (48.5%)  were  infected  by  intestinal  infections:110  mothers  (13.73%) m were  infected  by  pathogenic  intestinal  infection, Giardia  lambia 89 case (5.39%)  was  the  commonest  infection, entamoeba  histolytica  12  cases  (72%), hymenolepsis  nana  5  cases (3%), ascaris  3  case (1.18%)  and  tenia  saginata  1 cases  (0.6%)  respectively. 691  mothers  (869.2%)  were  infected  by  nonpathologenic  intestinal  infection.  E.coli  313  case(19%), blastocystic  hominis  267  cases  (16.18%), endolimax  nana 67  cases (4%), lodamoeba  buetschlii 34  cases, (25%)  and  chilomastix  mesnili  10  cases  (0/6%)  respectively.
Conclusion:  In this  survey, there  was  no  significant  relationship  between  infection  rate  and  demographic  factors  like  age, job, level  of  literary  and  residence  region. However  the  findings  showed  that  the  highest  rate  of  pathogenic  intestinal  parasitic  infections  were  7.8%  (43 cases) in  down  town, 6.72%  (37  cases)  in  town  center  and  5.45%  (30  cases)  in  uptown.

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Introduction: Neisseria  gonorrhoeae  is  a  gram  negative  diplococci  belong  to  family  neisseriacae  and  is  causative  agent  of  gonorrheae.  Culture  and  antibiograme  of  this  bacteria  is  done  lower  than  other  cases  and  determination  rate  of  MIC  in  this  bacteria  is  inly  done  in  reference  laboratories.  The  goal  of  this  study  id  introducing  a  relationship  which  in  studied  population, MIc  more  easily  and  eithout  doing  complex  technical  examinations  is  placed  available  for  physicians.
Materials  and  Methods: In  this  research  on  50  cases  of  Neisseria  gonorrhoeae  isolated  from  patients  with  gonorrhoeae  antibiograme  test  were  done  and  then  for  every  antibiotic  discs  the  zone  of  inhibition  were  measured.  Then  on  the  basis  of  instructions  of  NCCL  for  four  antibiotics  were  planed  to  this  disease (penicillin, tetracycline, spectinomycine  and  ceftriaxone) MIc  on  GC  agar  medium  were  measured  and  between  zone  of  inhibition  as  an  independent  variable  and  MIC  as  a  dependent  variable  linear  regression  is  seen  which  from  this  line  equation  can  understand  how  is  the  relation  between  MIc  and  zone  of  inhibition. It  means  that  wether  this  relationship  is  direct  or  reverse?
Results: The  findings  show  that  in  all  antibiotics  the  relationship  between  zone  of  inhibition  and  MIc  are  negative (reverse)  and  regression  coefient  for  first  three  antibiotics  have  (p<0.0001)  and  for  fourth  antibiotics  has  (p<0.001).
Conclusions: It  means  that  with  probability  less  than  0.0001  for  penicillin, tetracycline, spectinomycine  and  probanility  less  than  0.001  for  ceftriaxone  can  estimate  the  counter  effect  pf  zone  of  inhibition  and  MIc  in  studied  population.
 

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Introduction: Delivery of immediate medical interventions appropriate to the severity of clinical status of patients is a main public expectation of emergency departments. Waiting time and length of stay are the key measures to asses the quality of care in emergency departments. This study is done to investigate the waiting time and length of stay of attendants to emergency department of Vali-e-Asr Hospital, Arak-Iran. Materials and Methods: This analytical cross-sectional research was conducted in a general emergency department of a teaching hospital in Arak to asses the waiting time and length of stay of patients. In the first stage of the study all attendants during a 6 weeks period were classified regarding to the severity of their clinical status by an educated nurse and a general practitioner using a three category scale (guideline) presented by ministry of Health and Medical Education (2001). Also waiting time for a general practitioner visit was measured and documented by the resident general practitioner. In the second stage, a sample of 100 documents of patients in group 1 and 2 admitted for specialist visit were assessed for the waiting time and length of stay in emergency department. Mean of waiting time according to patients clinical status and the specialty of the first physician were analyzed by t-test and ANOVA (p =0.05). Results: During a 6 weeks period, of 1963 patients, 179(9.1%) were categorized as emergent (category 1), 391(19.9%) urgent (category 2) and 1393 (71%) non urgent. The mean waiting time for general practitioner visit was 5 minutes. The median and mean of waiting time for specialist visit in group 1 and 2 of patients were 225 and 262±156, 220 and 227±153 minutes, respectively. The median and mean of length of stay was 1 and 2 days, respectively. No differences were found between waiting time of various specialties visit in patients of categories 1 and 2. Conclusion: Regarding the long waiting time for specialist visit, using triage in emergency departments is necessary. This needs planning and organization for the presence of specialists in the hospital, over the time. Also regarding the large number of nonurgent patients, 24 hours presence of a general practitioner is necessary.