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Introduction: The relation between Helicobacter pylori with iron deficiency is being studied in recent years. The aim of this study is finding the relation between Helicobacter pylori with the rate of hemoglobin and serum ferritin.
Material and Methods: This study is an observational study and a cross-sectional type which is done analytical-descriptive against 262 patients suffering from anemia and for each patient the amounts of Hemoglobin, MCV, serum ferritine and Helicobacter IgG titre is calculated and then the relation between these amounts and Helicobacter is evaluated.
Results: In 147 patients (56%), Helicobacter IgG antibody was negative. In 78 cases (29.8%) the serum ferritin was less than 120 µgr/dlit. Using statistical analysis (Logistic regression) revealed that there was a statistical relation between the amount of ferrittin and the chance of strickened with Helicobacter in individuals whom their ferrittin rate was less than 12, 1.93% of patients whom their ferrittin is more than 12 and the enhance is significant. By the way it was cleared that there is not any significant statistical relation between MCV reduction and the chance of being strickened with Helicobacter.
Conclusion: Serum ferrittine rate in patients with Helicobacter pilory infection reduced and this reduce was significance. Previous studies in other countries indicated to this issue.

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Introduction: Patient hospitalization rate (P.H.R) is an important issue in health decision making because its increasing can imposes abundant expenditure on each patient or therapeutic or health systems like assurance companies. Moreover, it can increase the danger of nosocomial infections. So, description, examinating and modelling of P.H.R. can be as a guideline for above subjects and as an introduction would lead one to study the issue with insight.
Materials and Methods: For determining of P.H.R., Iwo samples of size 1428 and 816 of patients were chosen systematic randomly from Vali-Asr and Ta'min-Ejtemai hospitals, respectively during the year of 2002. Hospitalization rate, age, sex, location of birth place and residence place of patients recorded. Mixed distributions modelling and Poisson regression models as well as ordinary regression methods were applied to analyze and modelling the data.
Results: Means of P.H.R of patients at Vali-Asr hospital was 4.1±5.4 days. Two component Poisson was a relatively appropriate model was a very relevant model for analyzing of their P.H.R. By using mixed Poisson regression method a significant relationship among patient's age, marriage status and location of life with P.H.R was obtained. Findings in Ta'min-Ejtemai showed that the mean of P.H.R was 4.7±3.2 days. One component Poisson model was appropriate model for data distribution. A significant relationship among age, sex, location of life with P.H.R in this hospital was seen.
Conclusion: Our findings showed that P.H.R in Vali-Asr hospital follows two component Poisson model. For Vali-Asr data, the normal model was not appropriate even with changing the statistics variables, but for P.H.R data of Ta'min-Ejtemai, changing the logarithmic variable could transform data into approximate of normal model. Finally, comparison between mixed distribution Poisson model and acquired regression with simple linear regression in Val-Asr hospital presented different results, but in Ta'min-Ejtemai hospital had similar results.

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Introduction: At present, bone graft is unavoidable. In fact although among the all probable bone grafts, the autograft is the best choice, but because of some situations like two coincidence surgery upon one individual, size limitation of autografts (its impossible to get a big piece of graft from patient) increasing the bloodshed contingency, infection etc, made specialist to think about the possible substitution the allograft.
Materials and Methods: Seventeen Newzealandian rabbits were divided into four groups. The graft generator group consisted of one rabbit which was genetically different from other groups. The sham group composed of three rabbits which round autografts about 4 mm in diameter from their tibia were exchanged between rights and left tibias. These grafts were not deantigenized and a 4 mm vacant hole was created to see if it will repair spontaneously within three months. The control group consisted of three rabbits received a round 4 mm tibial autografts which double deantigenization process were done over them. The test group composed of 10 rabbits, received corticocancellous (intramembranous) allografts in left tibia and corticocancellous (endocondral). Allograft in right tibia all grafts were bearing the double deantigenization process.
Results: The rate of prosperity for CCl grafts was 80% and for CCE grafts was 60%.In sham group, healing process was extremely fast (in eight weeks).
In control group, healing process was done slower until six weeks but after 12 weeks it was compensated. The vacant holes were not repaired even after three months. Statistically, there was a meaningless difference between the rates of prosperity in both groups of grafts.
Conclusion: According to statistical assays, although the prosperous numbers of CCl were more than CCE grafts but this difference was meaningless. In the basis of histological assessments if the velocity of healing process is important, the CCI grafts are recommended

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Introduction: Nearly, 6% of recently diagnosed cancer in the United States was upon to lymphoproliferate and leukemia and 9% of fatality in cancerous people was upon to these two illnesses. Using some simple, cheap and in-hand tests and special consideration to clinical inspections in suspected subjects provide a faster diagnostic and suitable treatment. It may ultimately promote the quality of life and decline the fatality among patients.
Materials and methods: This was a cross-sectional investigation which carried out during a 1.5 years in the form of forward direction. Forty-two lymphoproliferate (28 lymphoblast and 14 Hotchkin) and 21 acute lymphoblastic leukemia (10 acute lymphoblast leukemia and 11 miloid acute leukemia) subjects were evaluated. ESR, LDH and ALP levels were measured in all patients. In clinical examinations, oversizing of lymph nodes, spleen and liver were exactly considered.
Results: According to our results the best tests to rule in and rule out acute leukemia from lymphoprolifeatives were ESR and LDH, respectively. Additionally, The most sensitive and specific evaluations to rule out these two diseases were LDH and oversizing of liver inspection. It was also determined that LDH is the best screening test to rule out leukemia from lymphoproliferate.
Conclusion: Using of simple examinations such as ALP, LDH, ESR and more consideration to oversized spleen, liver and lymph nodes in each suspected patients, we could easily differentiate lymphoproliferate and acute leukemia from each other.

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Introduction: Acute  renal  failure (ARF)  is  one  of  the  relatively  incident  complications  in  surgical  emergency  wards  and  is  defined  as  increasing  serum urea  and  creatinine   and  decreasing  GRF. In  this  study  we  investigated  acute  renal  failure  incidence  in  patients  admitted  to  emergency  surgical  ward.
Materials  and  Methods: This  is  a  cross  sectional  analytical  study  in  which  all patients  with  primary  diagnosis  of  emergency  surgery  (traumatic  or  non traumatic) admitted  in  emergency  surgery  ward  were  selected. After  history  taking  and  physical  assessment  patients  having  history  of  kidney  disease  were  excluded. Urinalysis, BUN  and  creatinine  tests  were  performed  for  all  samples. Data  was  analyzed  by  SPSS  software.
Results: In  this  study  2100  patients  (1280  male)  were  assessed  during  a  10  month  period. 5.66%  of  samples  had  some  degree  of  ARF. 1136  patients  undergone surgery  due  to  accidents  and  trauma  (72%  multiple  trauma  and  28%  single  trauma) and  964  patients  due  to  nontraumatic  emergencies.  ARF  was  seen  in 6.84%  of  the  first  and  4.25%  of  the  second  group. ARF incidence  in  male  and  female  was  5.6%  and  5.7%  respectively.
 ‍Conclusion: The overall  incidence  of  ARF  in  this  study  was  not  so  different  from  developed  countries.   ARF  was  significantly  more  incident  in  traumatic (especially  multiple  trauma)  and  old  aged  patients.  This  factors  must  be  considered  as  ARF  risk  factors  in  emergency  wards.

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Introduction: In this study, antimutagenesis effect of ethanolic extract of propolis by Ames test against two mutagenic substances named azide sodium and potassium permanganate in the presence and the absence of microsomal homogenate of mouse liver (S9) has been investigated. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study at first, different concentrations of ethanolic extract of propolis (0.1-5%) for determining minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) against tester strains were used. Then by Ames test, antimutagenesis effect was assessed in nontoxic extent. In this test, various strains of Salmonella typhymurium (TA100 and TA97) that contained selective mutation in their operon histidine, were used. Mutant strains (His-) were grown on culture media containing minimum salt and glucose in the presence of mutagen substances above. So only those bacteria that were reversed by mutation (His+) could grow and form colonies on culture media. If antimutagen (EEP) and mutagen substances were gathered, reversed mutation would be reduced and the rate of mutation inhibition could be calculated by means of formula. The differences between the averages of revertants per plate of the sample in relation to the mutagens were analyzed using SPSS software and one-way ANOVA. Results: The resulted MIC values clearly showed that ethanolic extract of propolis at 5% concentration has antibacterial activity against Salmonella typhymurium, but in 0.1-4% concentrations, such effects were not seen. Findings also showed that propolis in such concentrations could neutralize mutagenic effects of those substances in a dose dependent manner. Conclusion: Finally we found that ethanolic extract of propolis that contains different kinds of major and important substances like flavonoids, has good antimutagenic effects and the best concentration for obtaining such effect is in 4% which also was confirmed with microsomal results. The mechanism of antibacterial effect of propolis is complex and it has no analogy to any classic antibiotics, but it should be emphasized that bacterial cell division is inhibited by propolis. Some researchers also argue that propolis could inhibit DNA-dependent RNA polymerase.

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Background: Considering the lack of a standardized and validated questionnaire on oral health care for pregnant women based on a specific behavioral pattern, the aim ofthis study was development and psychometric assessment of an oral health instrument based on Health Belief Model in pregnant women. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out on 340 pregnant women in Arak city. After reviewing the related literature, the instrument was designed and its content validity ratio, content validity index, face validity, and exploratory factor analysis were measured. For measuring the reliability of the scales, three methods, including test-retest, internal consistency, and agreement, were used. Data analysis was done using SPSS software. Results: The reliability of the 61 items was evaluated with impact score of 1.5 and the content validity index of 0.79 and based on exploratory factor analysis were classified into seven categories. The overall reliability measured through Cronbach alpha was 0.84. The reliability of the questionnaire was 0.88, perceived susceptibility was 0.73, severity was 0.70, perceived benefits was 0.75, perceived barriers was 0.71, the cues to action was 0.72, and self-efficacy was 0.76. Kappa coefficients were determined with a high performance for checklists. Conclusion: This study provided good evidence of the strength factor structure and reliability of Health Belief Model structures about oral health behaviors in the vulnerable group of pregnant women, according to the study of psychometrics process.

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Background: Tuberculosis is an old problem that is currently considered a great challenge. Noticing Iran’s borders with Afghanistan and Pakistan, which are among the 22 high burden countries around the world, the present study was conducted to analyze the current molecular epidemiology of TB and survey genetic diversity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains in Markazi province, Iran. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, 57 sputum specimens from smear positive patients admitted to health centers in Markazi province were cultured on specific mycobacterial culture media. Genomic DNA was extracted by standard protocols of WHO and digested separately by PvuII and AluI. Electrophoresis was performed and DNA fragments were transferred to positively charged nylon membrane by southern blotting method and hybridization by PGRS probe. The hybridized strains were subsequently detected by enzymatic reaction and analyzed. Results: Genotyping of the isolates by PGRS-RFLP with Pvu II and AluI displayed a wide range of genetic diversity so that 50 and 45 genotypes were identified, respectively. Conclusion: Noticing the great diversity of PGRS in the Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains, it can be concluded that in the study population, the majority of the patients hadtuberculosis with different etiologies. Therefore, it seems that reactivation of latent infection has had the main role in the spread of tuberculosis

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Background: Immune thrombocytopenic purpurais an acquired disorder. Conventional treatment of immune thrombocytopenic purpuraincludes prednisolone (1mg/kg/day). Customarily, steroidsareadministered for about 3-6 weeks however,steroids have several side effects. The aim of this study was to compare theefficacy of two and three-week prednisolone therapy in patients with immune thrombocytopenic purpura Materials and Methods: In this randomized clinical trial, 66 patients with confirmed immune thrombocytopenic purpurawho had referred to KhansariHospital, Arak, were randomly selected and administered prednisolone (1mg/kg/day) for two and three weeks alternatively. Patients’ platelet count and complications associated with the treatment (diabetes and hypertension) were compared. Results: At the end of the treatment course, there was not a significant difference in mean platelet count between the two groups (p=0.748). Side effects in two and three-week protocols were 15.2% and 18.2%, respectively however, distribution of the complications (side effect) in the two groups was equal (p=0.9). Conclusion: Considering the absence of significant differencesin mean platelet count between the two groups at the end of the two treatment protocols and the higherpercentageof side effects in the patients that had received the three-week prednisolone therapy protocol, it seems that the two-week course of immune thrombocytopenic purpuratreatment is as effective as the three-week protocol.

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Background: Osteopenia is a common and sometimes disabling consequence of the treatment of common neoplastic diseases, such as acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and lymphoma in children. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the preventing effects of alendronate on steroid-induced osteopenia in children with ALL and non- Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL).

Materials and Methods: In this clinical trial, 30 children with ALL and NHL were purposefully selected. All patients received the same induction chemotherapy protocol. Then they were randomly divided into two matched groups. All of them received equivalent supplement of 400 IU/d vitamin D and 30-40mg/kg/d calcium. The patients of the case group received 35mg/week alendronate for 6 months as well. Lumbar spine and whole body bone densitometry were performd before and after intervention and Z score was calculated for all patients.  

Results: The mean age of the studied population was 6.11(±3.36) years and 15 of the children (50%) were male. There was no statistically significant difference in lumbar spine and whole body bone densitometry and Z score before and after intervention between the two groups (p>0.05). The improvement of bone densitometry and Z score were seen in both groups after intervention which was more in the case group but it was not statistically significant (p>0.05).

Conclusion: Administration of 35 mg/week alendronate for 6 months does not cause significant improvements in bone densitometry variables in children with ALL and NHL.  

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Background: Racial and environmental factors may influence the refractive errors, corneal curvature and thickness. These variables were evaluated in Arak residential university students.

Materials and Methods: In this cross sectional observational study 400 students aged 18-30 years old living in Arak city that were eligible for the study. Demographic and past medical history information of all students was recorded and the corneal thickness (CT) and curvature (CC) and refractive error were measured. The correlation between refractive indices and CT and CC were investigated in all cases and also in refractive subgroups.

Results: The mean of CT, CC and power were 533.22(±32.02) µm, 7.75(±0.28) mm and 43±1.66 Diopters respectively. There were significant correlation between refractive error and CT in hyperopic subgroup (p=0.029) and between CT and CC in myopic subgroup (p=0.007). The mean of CC of myopic and astigmatic subgroups were significantly more than normal cases.

Conclusion: These findings are similar to the other international researches about corneal thickness, curvature and refractive errors in normal population. It seems further studies with more and older cases are necessary to investigate the impact of climatic condition and industrial air pollution on refractive errors and corneal parameters.

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