Background: Pain is a complex medical problem creating which inadequate control pain results adverse effects on the patients physiological, metabolic and mental conditions.The aim of this study was comparison effect of Ketamin-propofol with Alfentanil-propofol on creating analgesia and sedation during cystoscopy and comparing the side effects of two drugs and patient and physician satissfaction.

Materials and Methods: In this double- blind clinical trial 140 person who were candidate for cystoscopy were randomly divided into two groups The first group received 1mcg/kg alfentanil with 1mg/kg propofol and the second group received 0.5 mg/kg ketamin with 1mg/kg propofol. Sedation score ,pain score, time of cystoscopy and hemodynamic changes determined and data were analyzed by SPSS.

Results: The mean of sedation in alfetanil group was significantly more than ketamin group(p=0.001) . The mean of pain score in alfetanil group was significantly less than ketamin group( p=0.001) .The time of cystoscopy in cystoscopy in alfetanil group was significantly less than ketamin group (p=0.001).

Conclusion: Results showed that alfentanil-propofol compare to ketamin-propofol reduced pain score and increased time of sedation with less side effects during cystoscopy .So this study supports the preference alfentanil compare to ketamin.

Background: One of the common and important public health problems is failure to thrive in during childhood .The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between health belief model structures with mothers' performance in preventihg growth retardation in children aged 1-5 years in Shazand city in 2014.

Materials and Methods: In this analytical and cross-sectional study, 202 mothers with children aged one to five years in the Shazand city were selected by random sampling. The data were collected by using a researcher-developed valid and reliable questionnaire by self-report method. The questionnaire included demographic characteristics of the mothers, the maternal practice cheklist and health belief model dimensions. Finally, the data were analyzed by SPSS20 T-test, Chi-square, correlation, ANONV and regression.

Results: The mean age of subjects was 28.76±5.28 years and a mean age of children was 26.49±14.74 months. Most common level of education for mothers was diploma (76.7%). The mean score of mothers' behavior was 70.65. Among the structures, self- efficacy had the largest score(69.8) and external practice guide had the lowest (38.91). In regression analysis, for predicting behavior by health belief model stuctures, self efficacy, perceived benefits and barriers were main predictors of behavior that predicted 10% of behavior changes(R²=0.101).

Conclusion: The results of this study reveale that the design of educational interventions should be based on self-efficacy, perceived benefits and perceived barriers as the most important predictors of maternal behavior.

Abstract

Background: One of the common and important health problems is failure to thrive in childhood. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of education on preventive behaviors of failure to thrive in mothers with children based on health belief model.

Materials and Methods: This study is an interventional one in which 100 mothers with children one to five years involved (samples divided into two case and control groups, each of 50) sampling was done by a simple random method. For collecting information, a researcher-made questionnaire based on the health belief model and performance check list were used. Then, case group was trained for one month. 3 months after training, data were gathered and analyzed by Spss20 software. In addition to descriptive statistics, tests such as Chi-square, paired t-test and independent T-test were used.

Results: The mean age of case and control was 29.98±5.51 and 25.35±5.30 years old, respectively. The average age of children was 23.31 ± 13.14 and 27.55 ± 14.01months, respectively. Before the intervention, no significant difference was seen between groups. The average score in case group before intervention was as: knowledge(31.87±14.24), perceived susceptibility(64.23±5.86), perceived severity(64.41±9.34), perceived benefits(61.75±6.79), perceived barriers(67.91±8.14), self-efficacy(68.00±7.87), cues to action(44.53±6.82) and action(70.00±9.77). However, after the intervention, significant differences between groups in all variables were obserred.

Conclusion: According to the results, education based on health belief model is recommended for promoting preventive behaviors of failure to thrive.