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Background: TEM, PER, and VEB are extended-spectrum betalactamase (ESBL) enzymes that are capable of hydrolyzing penicillins, cephalosporins, and aztreonam. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of ESBL producing E.coli and molecular evaluation of TEM, PER, and VEB β-lactamases among E.coli strains. Materials and Methods: A total of 200 clinical strains of E.coli were isolated from clinical specimens and their antibiotic susceptibility was determined by disk diffusion method. ESBL production was determined using the combined disk method with CAZ and CTX with clavulanic acid and alone. Minimum concentration inhibition (MIC) for CAZ and CTX with clavulanic acid and alone was determined by agar dilution method. Finally, PCR with specific primers was used for determining the presence of blaTEM, blaPER, and blaVEB genes. Results: Combined disk method confirmed 94 strains (47%) to be ESBL producing E.coli. Of the 94 ESBL producing strains, 36 samples had MIC=16, 44 samples had MIC between 32-256, and 10 samples had MIC≥512 for ceftazidime, whereas 8 samples had MIC=16, 68 samples had MIC between 32-256, and 21 samples had MIC≥512 for cefotaxime. The frequency of TEM was 44% however, blaPER and blaVEB genes were not detected by PCR among ESBL producing isolates. Conclusion:The results indicated that the high percentage of ESBL producing E.coli is 47% and PCR method showed a high frequency of TEM enzyme, but PER and VEB betalactamase were not found among them.

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Background: The average age of menarche varies from country to country due to regional variation and different factors, including genetic and environmental factors that affect the onset of menarch. This study performed to survey relationship between nutrition and physical activity with menarche age of girls in Ahvaz city.

Materials and Methods: This survey is a cross-sectional study that was conducted on 1249 female students 8-15 years in 2012- 2013 year. Participants were selected by random cluster sampling from 4areas and 16 elementry and middle and high schoolsin Ahvaz city. The data were collected based on interviews and questionnaire (food frequency and physical activity). After collecting the data, then they were encoded and analyzed by SPSS16 software  and descriptive and analytic statistics.

Results: The mean of age at menarche in girls in Ahvaz was 11.86±1.07 and age at menarche was not associated with nutrition and physical activity.

Conclusion: Based on these findings, significant association between nutrition and physical activity and age at menarche (p<0.001)was not observed.

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Background: In 1970, human papillomavirus (HPV) was introduced as the main etiologic factor of cervical carcinoma. Since there is no possibility of detecting the virus and its subtypes using serological methods and cell culture, the molecular methods such as PCR have particular importance in accurate, early and definite diagnosis of the virus. So, in this research, our goal is to use a proprietary PCR assay based on L1 gene of human papillomavirus for molecular recognition of HPV and to evaluate its prevalence in patient samples.

Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, after collecting of samples from malignant cervical lesions, the viral DNA was extracted from paraffin blocks of 50 clinical samples and PCR was done by specific primers for L1 gene of human papillomavirus in all samples. After the analysis of PCR products by 2% agarose gel electrophoresis, sensitivity and specificity of the test were also evaluated.

Results: Among 50 patient samples, 33 cases were confirmed to be positive for HPV infection and 17 cases were negative, showing high frequency of HPV in this patient population (about 66%). The results of specificity assay were positive for papilloma samples and sensitivity of the assay was 20 copies of recombinant construct containing L1 per reaction.

Conclusion: This study showed that PCR by specific primers for L1 gene of human papilloma virus is a proper and accurate method for detection of this virus and the results confirm the previous reports of correlation between HPV and cervical carcinoma.

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Background: Delayed muscular soreness after resistance exercises or eccentric trainings is probably because of muscle damage and injury. Nutrition by playing a crucial role in both protein synthesize and catabolism can influence the extent of muscle injury. The objective of this study was to assess the effect of single portion of Glutamine supplement consumption on injury indices of muscle after a session eccentric resistance exercise.

 Materials and Methods: This study used a randomized, double blind design that consisted of 80 volvnteer non-athletic males (aged 22.2±2.2 years, height 175±5 cm, weight 71.64±9 kg, body mass index 23.2±2.2 kg/m2, and body fat 17.5±2.4%). A total of 40 participants were divided randomly into 2 groups, supplement group (receiving 0.1 g/kg Body weight/day Glutamine) and placebo group (receiving 0.1 g/kg Body weight/day Maltodextrin). Serum keratine kinase (CK) was determined by photometric method, muscle pain and knee joint range of motion were measured using, respectively, a standard scale of PAS and goniometer before, 24 and 48 hours after a resistance test involving knee flexion.

Results: Glutamine supplement consumption caused no significant differences in CK levels reduction in none of the measured times, but it reduced the muscle pain at the times of 24 and 48 hours in comparison with the placebo group. In addition, the knee joint range of motion was significantly improved at 24 hours after the test.

Conclusion: It seems that this dose of Glutamine supplementation can reduce the apparent signs apart from muscle injury indices reduction.