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Introduction: Peptic ulcer is a mucosal lesion of stomach or deodenum in which acid and pepsin play major pathogenic roles. In general population, Helicobacter pylori (HP) plays an important role in peptic ulcer. Peptic ulcer is more common in chronic renal failure (CRF) but its etiology is unknown. Materials and methods: In a descriptive cross-sectional study, the prevalence of peptic ulcer in CRF patients was studied and its relationship with HP was evaluated. All patients were visited in Tajrish shohada hospital, Tehran. CRF was defined as a serum ceratinin concentration equal or more than 2 mg/dl at least for 3 months. Patients who stressful conditions, or were recieved immunosuppressive or NASID drugs, or drugs for eradication of HP were excluded. Upper GI endoscopy was performed for all patients by gastroentrologists to find out peptic ulcer. Biopsy was taken for HP identification by rapid ureas test. Results: The mean age of participants was 56 year and 51% of them had GI symptoms. Nineteen of 98 patients with CRF (19%) had peptic ulcer. That 5 of them were positive HP. HP was identified in 45 (46%) of patients. Conclusion: This study showed that HP is not more prevalent in CRF patients compared to general population. Additionally, peptic ulcer was more common in male patients with CRF than non-CRF subjects.

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Introduction: In this study, antimutagenesis effect of ethanolic extract of propolis by Ames test against two mutagenic substances named azide sodium and potassium permanganate in the presence and the absence of microsomal homogenate of mouse liver (S9) has been investigated. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study at first, different concentrations of ethanolic extract of propolis (0.1-5%) for determining minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) against tester strains were used. Then by Ames test, antimutagenesis effect was assessed in nontoxic extent. In this test, various strains of Salmonella typhymurium (TA100 and TA97) that contained selective mutation in their operon histidine, were used. Mutant strains (His-) were grown on culture media containing minimum salt and glucose in the presence of mutagen substances above. So only those bacteria that were reversed by mutation (His+) could grow and form colonies on culture media. If antimutagen (EEP) and mutagen substances were gathered, reversed mutation would be reduced and the rate of mutation inhibition could be calculated by means of formula. The differences between the averages of revertants per plate of the sample in relation to the mutagens were analyzed using SPSS software and one-way ANOVA. Results: The resulted MIC values clearly showed that ethanolic extract of propolis at 5% concentration has antibacterial activity against Salmonella typhymurium, but in 0.1-4% concentrations, such effects were not seen. Findings also showed that propolis in such concentrations could neutralize mutagenic effects of those substances in a dose dependent manner. Conclusion: Finally we found that ethanolic extract of propolis that contains different kinds of major and important substances like flavonoids, has good antimutagenic effects and the best concentration for obtaining such effect is in 4% which also was confirmed with microsomal results. The mechanism of antibacterial effect of propolis is complex and it has no analogy to any classic antibiotics, but it should be emphasized that bacterial cell division is inhibited by propolis. Some researchers also argue that propolis could inhibit DNA-dependent RNA polymerase.

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Background: Olive oil as a mjor source of fat in diet, besides having a high level of unsaturated fatty acid contains biological components, such as the antioxidant phenolic compounds that can prevent the destructive effect of free radicals and their resulting mutation on cellular structures. The main goal of this study was to investigate the antioxidant and anticancer effects of olive oil through Salmonella typhimurium and microsome. Materials and Methods: In this study, 16 Iranian olive oil samples and one Spanish sample were used. The determination test of anti-mutagenic potential was based on the method proposed by Ames et al. using mutant strain of Salmonella typhimurium TA100 and a well-known carcinogenic material (sodium azide) which by adding microsome of rat liver (S9), its anticancer effect was examined. Positive and negative controls which respectively contained sodium azide and distilled water were studied. Each test was simultaneously done three times and the percentage of inhibition was determined according to (1-T/M) × 100. Results: The inhibitory percentage in its highest level in darkness was equal to 63.64% based on the variety of olive oil and in light was equal to 60.70%. Conclusion: The findings of this study show that the antioxidant and anticancer properties of olive oil decrease with exposure to light

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Background: Nowadays, cancer is one of the main causes of death in the world and mutagens cause death in millions of patients. Noticing the side effects of the drugs used to treat cancer, scientists are looking for drugs with fewer side effects and more therapeutic effects. Accordingly, the number of studies in this field is rapidly increasing. This study was done to evaluate the effects of antimutagenesis of aqueous and alcoholic extracts of A. vera leaf gel and latex by Ames test against the mutagenic substance named sodium azid in the presence and absence of microsomal homogenates of rat liver (S9). Materials and Methods:In this experimental study, after preparing different extracts of A. vera gel and latex, the antimutagenic effect of different extracts was assessed by Ames test, within which a mutant strain was grown on a culture containing mutagen substance (NaN3). Antimutagen (A. vera extract) reduced reversed mutation. The difference between the mean number of revertants per plate in relation to the mutagens was analyzed through one-way ANOVA using SPSS software. Results: The results showed that the ethanol extract of latex and aqueous extract of gel had the maximum (91%) and minimum (56%) percentages of inhibition, respectively. Conclusion: This assessment revealed strong antimutagenicity effect for all of the extracts due to the presence of different kinds of antioxidants substances such as various anthraquinones, flavonoids, and vitamins A, C, and E. The maximum inhibition of mutation was observed in ethanol extract of latex. This observation supports the results obtained from the application of microsome mixture as well as those reported by other researchers.

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Background: Deaths due to cancer have been increasing in many countries in recent years. Probiotics are live microorganisms that have beneficial effects on consumer’s health. The aim of this study was to investigate antimutagenic and anticancer effects of Lactobacilli strains isolated from Tarkhineh in order to select potential probiotic strains. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, 25 strains of Lactobacillus that had previously been isolated from Tarkhineh were used. Antimutagenicity test was performed based on proposed method of Ames. The results of the test were individuated after comparison between samples (suspensions of Lactobacilli) and positive (sodium azide) and negative (distilled water) controls. SPSS version 16 was used for statistical analysis. Results: Antimutagenic activity was observed only in four strains of Lactobacilli. The inhibitory percentage in the four strains of Lactobacilli, in its highest level was equal to 60.38 and in its lowest percentage equal to 39.37%. Also, the inhibitory percentage of mutation among the four strains in the presence of microsome were significantly different (P<0.05) than the absence of microsome. Adding the microsome of rat liver (S9) proved the anticancer effects of four Lactobacilli strains. Conclusion: Of the 25 strains of Lactobacilli, 4 strains which had the highest antimutagenicity effects were chosen as the potential probiotic strains.

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Background: Avicennia marina (Forssk.) Vireh. or gray mangrove tree, belonging to the family Avicenniaceae, has long been used as a remedy to treat ulcers and skin diseases. In the present study, the antimutagenic activities of young and mature leaf extracts of Avicennia marina against the mutated bacterium Salmonella typhimurium TA100 were investigated. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, the bacterial strain was checked for the intended genotypes. Leaves were isolated, dried, and chopped finely using a blender and they were extracted with 80% ethanol or water using a Soxhlet extractor. Metabolic activation was prepared from male rat homogenized liver. Antimutagenic effect of the extracts was tested using Ames test in the presence of a mutagen. Results: The number of mutant colonies decreased in the presence of both ethanol and water extracts with (+S9) and without (-S9) metabolic activation. The ethanolic extract exhibited a higher antimutagenic activity than the water extract. There were no inter-assay differences in the presence and absence of the S9 mixture. The highest (71%) and the lowest (24%) inhibition rates of Salmonella typhimurium TA100 bacterial growth were observed with the ethanolic extract of mature leaves from Bordekhon region and the aqueous extract of young leaves from Assaluyeh region, respectively. Conclusion: The findings of the present study suggest that Avicennia marina (Forssk) Vireh. leaf extracts may contain bioactive compounds that can inhibit mutation, and that biotic and/or abiotic stress might have an effect on the antimutagenic potential of these leaf extracts in the two regions.