---

---

Introduction: Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) or type 1 diabetes is an organ-specific autoimmune disease that caused by destruction of insulin-producing beta cells of the pancreas. Etiology of this disease is still unknown. It is seen that genetic and environmental factors play an important role for susceptibility to develop type 1 diabetes. The relationship between HLA associated factors and susceptibility to IDDM disease, was reported by several investigators. Also, some studies show that dermatoglyphics is associated with type 1 diabetes. However, it is maybe there is an association between HLA and dermatoglyphics inpatients'with type 1 diabetes and these characteristics could be applied for diagnosis of disease.
Materials and Methods: In this study, the prevalence of HLA (with using standard microlymphocytotoxicity method) and dermatoglyphics determined in 30 Iranian patients with IDDM and 30 normal healthy controls with similar ethnic background and the same geographical area.
Results: A significantly higher frequency of HLA-DQ, A2, DR3 and DQ2 were found in IDDM cases compared to the controls. The results obtain from dermatoglyphics showed that line ab was reduced in male and female type 1 diabetes. The reciever operating chractristics curve showed that the positive point for lines ab in right and left hands were 34.7 and 35.25, respectively.
Discussion: There is no association between HLA and dermatoglyphics.
With considering of genes encoding of HLA separated from genes determining dermatoglyphics, HLA typing and dermatoglyphics seem to be interesting tools for genetic studies related to type 1 diabetes. Further studies are recommended in order to provide more insight into the susceptibility to this disorder.

---

Introduction: Impressive  research  demonstrates   the importance  of  essential  fatty  acids  for  many  physiological  and  bahavioral  mechanisms  in  both  human  and  animals.  Essential  fatty  acids  must  be  supplied  via  the  diet.  In  this  study  we  assessed  the  dietary  effects  of  cis  and  trans  fatty  acids  on  seizures  induced  by  pentylenetetrazol  in  rats.
Materials  and  Methods:  In this  study  animals  were  divided  into  four  groups.  In  the  test  groups  cis, trans  or  cis  and  trans  fatty  acids  were  add  to  the  standard  foods  of  rats  and  in  control  group  only  standard  food  was  dietary  administrated. After  one  month  kindling  was  established  in  rats  with  PTZ  in  subconvulsive  dose (45 mg/kg). convulsing  activities  were  monitored  for  20  min.
Results: Results  showed  that  there  was  no  meaningful  difference  between  rat  groups  receiving  cis, trantary  administration  of  cis  and  trans  fatty  acids  had  no  effect  on  penylenetetrazol  kindling  in  rats.s  or  cis  and  trans  fatty  acids  in  their  standard  food.
Conclusion: It  was  concluded  that  dietary  administration  of  cis  and  trans  fatty  acids  had  no  effect  on  pentylenetetrazol  kindling  in  rats. 
 

---

Introduction: One of the severe forms of affective disorders, defined in DSM-IV-TR, is bipolar disorder type1. This is a psychotic disease that coexists with structural and biochemical changes of CNS. It is probably under influence of environmental and/or genetic factors. Finger and hand prints are formed during the late first and second trimester of fetal development, and then remain unchanged. There are some suggestions that disturbance in dermatoglyphic patterns probably are in relation with appearance of bipolar disorder. It seems that this disturbance is appeared at the first and second trimester of fetal development, which is a critical period for CNS growth. This study is done to investigate the dermatoglyphic patterns in bipolar disorder. Materials and Methods: This is a case-control study in which we have studied the dermatoglyphic changes in 30 bipolar disorder patients and compared to those of 72 healthy controls. The χ2 test was used for quantitative and T-test for qualitative data analysis. Results: Results showed that TABRC in patients was decreased in comparison to healthy people but this decrease was not significant. Regarding the type of patients, fingerprints, Loop and Whorls forms were heterogenous and were significantly different in comparison to control group (p=0.001, p=0.003). Conclusion: It seems that dermatoglyphic patterns can be an interesting and probably suitable procedure in determining the prognosis of bipolar disorder type 1 and other psychiatric disorders.

---

Introduction: Impressive research demonstrate the importance of essential fatty acids for many physiological and behavioral mechanisms in both humans and animals. Essential fatty acids must be supplied via the diet. In this study the dietary effect of cis and trans fatty acids on seizures induced by Pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) in second generation of rats is studied. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study animals were divided into four groups. In the three case groups cis, trans, or cis+trans fatty acids were added to the standard food of rats and in control group only standard food was dietary administrated. After one month, kindling was established in rats with PTZ in subconvulsive dose (45mg/kg i.p.). Convulsing activities were monitored for 20 minutes. Five stages of convulsing activities were observed. If after three consecutive sessions the animal was in the fifth stage, it was considered as a kindled animal. Data was analyzed using K-S, t, Tukey tests and analysis of variance. Results: Results showed that the convulsion stage in trans group was significantly more than the others. Also it was found that duration of the fifth stage in trans group was significantly more than control and cis groups. Conclusion: Results suggest that, administering sis and trans fatty acids have some effects on PTZ induced kindling in second generation of the rats who were kindled before. More severe seizure and longer duration of seizure was seen in trans group comparing to cis

---

Introduction: Urinary tract infection is one of the most common nosocomial infections that mainly occur after instrumentation in urinary tract, particularly after urinary catheterization. This study was conducted to assess disinfection's effects of meatus and urinary catheter with 10% Povidone Iodine ointment on incidence of bacteriuria in hospitalized patients of neurological unit of Shohadaye Tajrish hospital in iran. Methods and Materials: This study , is a randomized clinical trail which is done on Seventy stroke's patients that were catheterized by urologic expert's selected on convenience sampling and randomly divided to tow groups (Experimental group: 35 patients, Control group: 35 patients). In the experimental group, meatus and catheter drainage tube junction were disinfected daily and spigot was disinfected tow times a day by PVP10% ointment. In the control group the cares were done by normal saline. In days: 2,5,8,11,14 a urine sample was sent to lab for culture. The maximum period of study was 14 days. Results: Incidence of bacteriuria in experimental and control groups were 20% and 42.9%, respectively. Relative risk was 2.14. In patients with positive urine cultures: puri was 85.7% in experimental group and 86.6% in control group. Clinical symptoms of UTI were seen in 28.6% in experimental group and 33.3% in control group. Conclusion: This study showed that application of povidone-iodine 10% ointment for disinfection meatus and catheter drainage tube junction is effective to prevent catheter-associated urinary tract infection in male patients.

---

Background: One of the best examples of epimorphic regeneration in the mammals is the formation of new tissues formed from blastema in holes punched in the ears of rabbits. The aim of this research is to investigate speed and percentage of regeneration in different geometrical shaped holes and different regions of rabbit's ear. Methods and Materials: In this experimental research different region of rabbit's ear (proximal, medial and distal) were punched as different geometrical shaped holes (circlc, quadrangle and triangle) with the same area (50 mm2) Ubyg a puncher which designed for this purpose. The regeneration of wounds was evaluated and the percentage of regeneration was calculated. After punching, each 3 days (36-40 days). Results: Results showed speed and percentage of regeneration in circular holes was significantly (P<0.05) more than quadrangular and triangular holes. In addition, regeneration speed of holes located in proximal regions of ear, was more than peripheral holes. Conclusion: Wound regeneration in rabbit's ear is related to the geometrical shape of holes. Speed and the percentage of regeneration in circular shapes is more than angular shapes.

---

Background: Essential hypertension which affects 1 billion people worldwide is a multifactorial disorder and influenced by genetic and environmental factors. In human at about 14th week of pregnancy, sweat gland anlagen appear at uniform intervals along the apices of the epidermal ridges. Once the pores of sweat gland form on the ridge, they are fixed at that location. Considerable amount of researches have shown that pores do not disappear, move or spontaneously generate over time. The goal of the present study was to examine whether there is a relationship between the number of palmar sweat gland pores and hypertension condition. Methods: By applying a digital microscope, the number of palamr sweat gland pores were counted in a circle area (12.5 –16.8 mm2) of certain anatomical regions (a, b, c triradials and fingers) in 75 hypertensive and 55 normotensive females. The average age of all patients was 60 years and the average age of all controls was 49 years and all patients had a familial background of hypertension. Results: Statistical analysis of the data showed that the mean count of sweat gland's pores on fingers and b triradial in hypertensive group was significantly lower than normotensive subjects. Conclusion: In conclusion, the results obtained from the present study indicate that there is a meaningful relation between the numbers of fingertip sweat glands pores and hypertension. This finding can be used for the prognosis and early detection of hypertension in susceptible persons, particularly among those with a familial background.

---

Background: Research has shown that healthy individuals with no known cardiovascular risk factors who experience a stressful life are likely to develop cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, stress can be one of the most important risk factors involved in cardiovascular diseases. This study evaluated the possible effects of chronic stress induced by obligatory swimming and noise on coronary arteries histological changes. Materials and Methods: In this experimental trial, male Wistar rats were exposed to two different types of chronic stresses, including physical obligatory swim stress and psychological noise stress. After the last stress session, the rats were examined in terms of the ratio of the vessel lumen diameter to outer diameter, ratio of media diameter to outer diameter, ratio of adventitia diameter to outer diameter, and ratio of wall thickness to outer diameter of vessels. Results: Obligatory swimming stress and noise stress each significantly increased the ratio of media diameter to the outer diameter of vessels (P<0.001) and decreased the ratio of vessels lumen diameter to the outer diameter (P<0.05). Swimming stress and noise stress induced increases in the ratio of wall thickness to the outer diameter of vessels (P<0.01, P<0.05, respectively). In addition, swimming stress significantly increased the ratio of adventitia diameter to the outer diameter of vessels (P<0.05). Conclusion: These findings suggest that chronic stress can induce coronary vessel remodelling which results in atherosclerosis and cardiovascular diseases

---

Background: Type III Interferon (IFN) is a novel member of the interferon family, which contains three ligands: IFN-λ1 (IL-29), IFN-λ2 (IL-28A) and IFN-λ3 (IL-28B).These three ligands use the same unique heterodimeric receptor composed of CRF2-12 (IFN-λ-R1/IL-28Ra) and CRF2-4 (IL10-R-b) chains which are completely different from type I & type II IFN receptors. IFNsλ exhibit several features such as antiviral activity, antiproliferative activity, immunomodulatory activity and in vivo antitumour activity. In this work we aimed to clone the ogene of IFN-λ1 obtained from dendritic cells and assess protein production in eukaryotic expression vector. Materials and methods: in thid experimental study, total RNA was extracted from monocyte derived dendritic cells stimulated with 100 ng/ml of LPS. cDNA was synthesized from total RNA .Then cDNA of IFN-λ1 was amplified by PCR with specific primers and cloned into the PTZ57R/Tvector in the E.coli (DH5α). This was subsequently subcloned into plasmid pcDNA3.1+, using KpnI and BamHI restriction endonucleases. After tranfection into HEK293 T, expression of protein was tested by sandwich-ELISA method. Results: The DNA sequence of the insert was identical to the published sequences encoding IFN-λ1 in GeneBank. It was demonstrated that IFN-λ1 gene was markedly transcribed in transfected cells. Expression of IFN-λ1 in HEK293 T cells was confirmed by sandwich ELISA. Conclusion: Successful cloning and expression IFN-λ1 can be the first step for more production and further investigation about other activities of this cytokine and provides grounds for research on obtaining new therapeutic approaches for cancer, viral, autoimmune and allergic disease and designing more effective vaccines.

---

Background: Green tea due to its antioxidant properties can prevent some types of chromosomal damage. In this study, the effects of green tea on repressing chromosomal aberrations induced by cell phone waves in bone marrow polychromatic erythrocytes of male Balb/C mice were investigated. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, 40 adult male Balb/C mice were randomly divided into five groups: control (natural conditions), sham exposed (no exposure to cell phone waves in vitro), experimental group 1 (exposure to cell phone waves), and experimental group 2 (intraperitoneal injection of 100 mg/kg dose of green tea extract for 5 days and exposure to cell phone waves), and experimental group 3 (intraperitoneal injection of 200 mg/kg dose of green tea extract for 5 days and exposure to cell phone waves). Micronucleus test was run in all groups. Data were analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey tests using SPSS software (p<0.05). Results: The mean number of micronucleus in polychromatic erythrocytes of the sham group (3.47± 0.253) compared with control group (3.43 ± 0.605) did not show a significant difference (p> 0.05), whereas the mean micronucleus frequency in the experimental group 1 (5.64±0.308) increased significantly. However, the mean micronucleus frequency in experimental group 2 (0.92 ± 0.129) and experimental group 3 (0.55 ± 0.046) compared with the control and sham exposed groups decreased significantly (p = 0.001). Conclusion: Cell phones microwaves (940 MHz) induce chromosomal aberrations in bone marrow polychromatic erythrocytes of male Balb/C mice, but green tea has inhibitory effects and reduces chromosomal damage.

---

Background: Obtaining cells from the patient, expanding cell population on a scaffold, and, eventually, grafting the tissue to the patient is one of the tissue engineering techniques to create replacement tissue structures. Blastema tissue is one of the cellular sources in this regard. This study investigated the use of human gum tissue to prepare a scaffold and the interaction between the three-dimensional tissue scaffold and blastema tissue. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, human gingiva was prepared and through snap freezing method and the use of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and Triton X-100, went through cell bleaching. Then the provided scaffoldings were placed in 2-day-old blastema rings and stored in culture media for 25 days. Sampling of the blastema and scaffolding tissues was done once every five days. Results: The results confirmed the removal of the cells from the prepared scaffolds. Also, histological studies in the fifth and tenth days indicated cell penetration into the blastema scaffolds. In the fifteenth day, in addition to penetration, blastema cells division and differentiation as well as epidermis genesis were observed. In the twentieth and twenty-fifth days, infiltration, cell division, and differentiation processes continued. Conclusion: The findings of this study indicated the possibility of creating a natural scaffold of human gingiva through this method. This scaffold can have an inductive effect on cell behaviors such as such as migration, adhesion, division, and probable differentiation. However, further studies for demonstrating the identity of the cells and other properties of such a scaffold as well as the possibility of using it in gingiva tissue engineering are recommended.

---

Background: Melanoma is a malignant tumor of melanocytes, early-stage melanomas can be treated effectively with surgery alone, but more advanced cancers often incurable. The incidence of melanoma malignancy in most countries has risen faster than any other cancer types. It was the first time which we evaluated the cytotoxic effects of zno and Ag/zno nano-composites (NP) on melanoma cell line, A375, viability.

Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, A375 cell line was grown in RPMI-1640 supplemented with 10% FBS, penicillin/streptomycin (100 U/ml, 100 µg/ml) at 37◦C in 5% CO2, then the effects of different concentrations of zno and Ag/zno nano-composites on melanoma cell were evaluated by MTT, clonogenic survival assays, and acridine orange/ ethidium bromide staining.

Results: Herein, we demonstrated that Zno and Ag/zno nano-composites showed similar effects on cytotoxicity of melanoma cancer cells. In a dose dependent manner, a significant cytotoxicity was observed with increasing of zno and Ag/zno. The inhibitory concentration 50% (IC50) values of the nano-composites for A375 cell line after 24 hrs were 7.24±1.55 and 15.93±1.73 µg/ml for zno and Ag/zno, respectively.

Conclusion: The results showed that zno and Ag/zno has ability to induce cytotoxicity in the human melanoma cancer cell line in lower micromolar concentrations. In conclusion, these findings may introduce a new view on the mode of action and possible application of new nano-composites in the cancer chemotherapy.

---

Background: Delivery of antigens directly to dendritic cells enhances the immune responses to the antigen and is an attractive approach for eliciting cellular immune responses against mutagenic pathogens like HIV virus. So the aim of this study is evaluation of immune responses elicited by delivered multi-epitopic HIV-1 tat/pol/gag/env recombinant protein to dendritic cells in sito using &alphaDEC-205 mAb.

Materials and Methods: In this study, recombinant protein expressed by pET23a-HIVtop4 plasmid including HIVtop4 sequence (Gag158-186, Pol150-190, ENV296-323, ENV577-610, Tat1-20 and Tat44-61) in BL21 E. coli cells was used as vaccine model. To exploiting dendritic cells, properties for immunization purposes, we conjugated this recombinant protein chemically to anti body against DEC-205 receptor on these cells. Balb/c mice immunized subcutaneously (s.c.) with conjugated multi-epitopic protein or un-conjugated one (as control) simultaneously with Poly I: C as dendritic cell maturation factor. Lymphocyte proliferation was measured by bromo di uridine assay, Cytotoxicity by Grenzyme B production activity, IL-4, IL-17, IFN- cytokines production and total antibody by direct and indirect ELISA methods in order.

Results: Immunization by anti DEC-205 conjugated peptide led to a significant increase in the proliferative responses of lymphocytes, production of Gr-B, IFN-&gamma, IL-4 and IL-17 cytokines and total antibody titer in comparison with the none targeted groups.

Conclusion: It is concluded that targeting of protein antigens to DEC-205+dendritic cells significantly enhances immune responses in compare to non-targeting strategies.

---

Background: The emergence of antibiotic resistance, particularly resistance to methicillin in Staphylococcus aureus has made the treatment process more difficult. Therefore, producing of an effective vaccine seems to be necessary to prevent infections with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). In this study, a mixture of naloxone and alum has been used to improve the efficacy of a vaccine against MRSA.

Materials and Methods: MRSA 834 strain was grown on TSB medium and the grown cells were harvested and killed by sonication and were used as a vaccine model. Balb/c mice were divided into six groups and the vaccines were either injected alone, with naloxone, alum, or a mixture of naloxone - alum and control group received naloxone and PBS buffer. Total IgG antibody level was measured by ELISA method and finally, the challenge test of this bacterium was performed and the mice were examined regarding the degree of bacteria growth in their kidneys.

Results: The serum level of Total IgG antibody in the mixture of naloxone – alum with MRSA group was shown to be significantly increased (p<0.05). Furthermore, the lowest bacterial load was observed in this group.

Conclusion: It seems that a mixture of naloxone and alum as an adjuvant with the killed methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus enhances the humoral immunity leading to a high level of protection against MRSA infections. Therefore, this seems to be a good option for improving the performance of this vaccine.

---

Background: Primary dysmenorrhea is one of the most common complaints in women's medicine, in the absence of any pelvic pathological failure. Exercise is commonly reported as a factor to decrease dysmenorrhea symptoms. One of the new therapeutic methods is “Kinesio Taping” which claimed to be able to reduce pain, swelling and muscle spasms. Thus, this study tries to determine and compare the effectiveness of using two therapeutic methods of stretching exercises and taping in painful menstruation of high school students.

Materials and Methods: This study is an operational, quasi-experimental and two- stage study with a control group and pre-test and post-test design. Thirty female high school students with the average age of 16.8±0.99 were selected as available, and were divided into three groups, randomly. For the first group, stretching exercises were carried out and the second group was taped with Kinesio Tape and control group did not any exercise. Mood Disorder Questionnaire (MDQ) was used to collect information. Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and schober test were used for measuring the level of pain and range of motion, respectively. Data analysis was performed by a repeated measures ANOVA at the significant level of p>0.05.

Results: There was a significant improvement in back and abdomen pain and back range of motion.On the other hand, comparing data after intervention showed a significant difference in pain intensity between two groups. But, no significant difference was notified in increased back range of motion in group with kinesion tape.

Conclusion: Kinesio Taping has better effects than stretching exercises in reducing tesucing pain. Too, Stretching exercise has better effects in increasing back rang of motion.

---

Background: Pathogenic Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains produce a polar flagellum that required for motility, adhesion, invasion and secretion of virulence factors. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of prevention and treatment with anti-recombinant type B flagellin antibody in a burned mouse model.

Materials and Methods: One hundred twenty six mice were divided into 16 groups injected with different regimen of anti-recombinant type B flagellin antibody. Infections were caused by sub-dermal injection of P. aeruginosa PAO1 and PAK strains at the burn site. Groups were monitored for mortality for one week. Additionally, functional activity of this antibody was assessed by motility inhibition and opsonophagocytosis assays.

Results:  Immunotherapy with rabbit antisera substantially increased (85.71%) survival rate of mice challenged with a homologous strain PAO1 compared with the control PBS. The mortality rate in mice infected by the heterologous strain PAK was only 28.57%. This antibody increased phagocytosis killing of the homologous strain but it only had a slight effect on the heterologous strain.

Conclusion:  Passive immunotherapy protected burned mice challenged with the homologous strain but showed lower efficacy against the heterologous strain.

---

Introduction: Dermatoglyphic is a science that study the lines in the skin of the palms and fingertips properly. In some studies, the relationship between dermatoglyphic patterns with some diseases has been proven Arthritis Rheumatoid is a chronic inflammatory disease with autoimmune pathogenesis. The aim of this study was to investigate the qualitative and quantitative characteristics of dermatoglyphics in people with rheumatoid arthritis compared to the control group.
Methods: This case-control study was conducted on 50 patients with rheumatoid arthritis and 50 people in the control group living in Mashhad. The fingerprint was recorded by the scanner.  The distribution of the frequency of fingerprint patterns, including Arch, Loop and Whorl, along with the counting of fingerprint lines in both groups was investigated. Finally, the obtained data were analyzed using ANOVA and X² tests.
Results: According to the results, the maximum frequency of dermatoglyphic patterns in both hands was related to the ulnar loop type. After that, in the patient group, simple Whorl patterns and double Whorl patterns and in the healthy group, double Whorl patterns and simple Whorl patterns were the most frequent. Between the average finger ridge count in the right hand of healthy people with the right hand of patient’s people and the left hand of healthy people with the left hand of patient’s people showed a significant difference in the error level of 0.05.
Conclusions: It seems that this difference can be used as a biological diagnostic marker to screen people prone to rheumatoid arthritis. This information in prognosis of psychological, medical and therapeutic plans, issues related to anthropology and social sciences can also be useful.