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Introduction: Impressive  research  demonstrates   the importance  of  essential  fatty  acids  for  many  physiological  and  bahavioral  mechanisms  in  both  human  and  animals.  Essential  fatty  acids  must  be  supplied  via  the  diet.  In  this  study  we  assessed  the  dietary  effects  of  cis  and  trans  fatty  acids  on  seizures  induced  by  pentylenetetrazol  in  rats.
Materials  and  Methods:  In this  study  animals  were  divided  into  four  groups.  In  the  test  groups  cis, trans  or  cis  and  trans  fatty  acids  were  add  to  the  standard  foods  of  rats  and  in  control  group  only  standard  food  was  dietary  administrated. After  one  month  kindling  was  established  in  rats  with  PTZ  in  subconvulsive  dose (45 mg/kg). convulsing  activities  were  monitored  for  20  min.
Results: Results  showed  that  there  was  no  meaningful  difference  between  rat  groups  receiving  cis, trantary  administration  of  cis  and  trans  fatty  acids  had  no  effect  on  penylenetetrazol  kindling  in  rats.s  or  cis  and  trans  fatty  acids  in  their  standard  food.
Conclusion: It  was  concluded  that  dietary  administration  of  cis  and  trans  fatty  acids  had  no  effect  on  pentylenetetrazol  kindling  in  rats. 
 

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Abstract Background: Vitamin A is an important messager molecule for differentiation setting, cells proliferation and morphogenesis. In this research, an effect of vitamin A on limb bud development of Balb/C mouse was determined. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, 10 female pregnant mice were divided to control and experimental groups. Control mice were maintained in natural situation and experimental mice were received vitamin A 15000IU/kg intraperitoneal injection at gestational day 10.5. Control and experimental mice were dissected in day 15.5 of gestation and after a morphology study their embryos were prepared for histological studies with microscope and were stained by Hematoxylin & Eosin method. Results: Comparison of crown- rump length, fore limb width, length of zone 1 (finger and palm) and zone 2 (wrist) of fore limb and total length of hind limb in experimental embryos with control group didn’t have significant difference in means. But, mean of embryos weights and length of total fore limb and length zone 3 (arm and forearm) of experimental embryos fore limb were more then control (p<0.001). Also, in comparison mean of hind limb width of experimental to contol embryos, increase was observed (p<0.006). But number and size of chondrocyte in 4 zones of fore and hind limb in experimental group didn’t have significant difference to control group (p>0.05). Conclusion: Concentration of 15000IU/kg vitamin A has progressive effects on the fetuses’ weight and fore limb bud development of Balb/C mouse.

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Introduction: The sinuosus canal and its branching accessory canals have crucial importance across different races for minimizing neurovascular problems in dental implantation.
Methods: This study was performed as a retrospective analysis, employing Cone beam computed tomography(CBCT) images of 174 patients who attended a private oral and maxillofacial radiology center in Arak from 2018 to 2020. The CBCT images were examined with Romexis software. Quantitative variables were reported as mean ± standard deviation, whereas qualitative variables were presented as frequency percentages. The data were analyzed using the independent T-test. The correlation between quantitative data was examined using Pearson’s correlation coefficient and logistic regression analysis. One-way ANOVA was performed to analyze variables including age groups and the location of accessory canals.
Results: 65.5% of the participants had a canalis sinuosus, demonstrating a considerable prevalence of canalis sinuosus in the studied population. Age and gender did not significantly correlate with the prevalence of accessory and sinuosus canals (P > 0.05). However, a significant difference was observed in the mean diameter of the canalis sinuosus between males and females (P = 0.01). The most common location for the termination of accessory canals on the left side in females was posterior to the lateral incisor (48.3%), whereas in males, it was posterior to the central incisor (45.8%). On the right side, the most common place in females (45.5%) and males (36.4%) was also posterior to the central incisor.
Conclusions: The prevalence of sinuosus and accessory canals in different populations and races is more closely related to sample size and race and requires investigation across different races to reduce neurovascular complications.