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Background: Cervical cancer is a preventable disease and we can determined preventive methods by discovering ethiology of disease. There are no appropriate research about the relation between coitus during menstruation and cervical cancer in Iran. This study is done to investigate the relationship between coitus during menstruation and cervical cancer in women referring to health care centers of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences in 2007-2008. Methods and Materials: This case-control study was carried out on 100 patients with cervical cancer (case) and 100 healthy women (control). All participates were Moslem with Iranian nationality and habitant in Iran. They had no previous history of frequent pelvic radiotherapy and alcohol consumption. Two groups were matched with age, age of first coitus, age of first vaginal delivery, parity and type of delivery. Data was collected through structured interview and analyzed using Chi-square and logistic-regression. Result: The study showed that 40% of case group and 10% of control group had coitus during menstruation. Coitus during menstruation in case group was 6 times more than control group (p<0.0001, odds ratio =6.0, CI= 2.7-12.9). Discussion: Coitus during menstruation may increase the risk of cervical cancer. A research is recommended to find out the best educational method which to prevent this disease.

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Abstract Background: Different studies have shown the inability of traditional lecture method to active teaching method in concept transmitting of higher learning domain. The aim of this study was comparing the effects of feedback lecture method and conventional lecture method on learning and quality of teaching. Materials and Methods: In quasi-experimental study, 27 Arak medical science midwifery students who were in fourth semester, randomly, were divided to two groups of “teaching by feedback lecture” and “teaching by conventional lecture”. Desired topic were presented by one teacher as a 90- minute lecture in control group and as two 35-minute lectures with 10-minute discussion after each part in case group. Informational form, and post test and student' opinion form were used respectively to identify the demographic characteristics, short tem and long term learning and quality of teaching form. Results: Demographic characteristics, quality of teaching form student’s opinion, total scores of pre and post test were similar in two groups. Results of teaching score in post test in knowledge and perception level were similar. But there was a significant difference between application and analysis level in two groups(p=0.011). Also, total and domain scores of post test after a month were not different in both groups. Conclusion: Results indicated that learning by feedback lecture can be more effective than conventional lecture method in application and analysis domain.

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Abstract Background: Tendency to use of portfolio for evaluating has been developed with the aim of optimum use of assessment culture. Present study was done to determine the effect of portfolio’s evaluation method on midwifery students’ learning and satisfaction in gynecology practical training. Materials and Methods: In this qusi-experimental study, all midwifery students in sixth semester (n=42), were randomly allocated to portfolio and routine evaluation group. Based on educational goals, portfolio groups prepared package which consists of a complete report of history, physical exam and method of patient management for women whom visited gynecology clinic and were evaluated by a portfolio’s evaluation checklist. During the last day of their course, post test, clinical exam and opinion form were taken. Results: The mean of age, score of pretest and gynecology theory were similar in both groups. The mean of pre and post test scores for students of both groups didn’t have significant difference for knowledge and comprehension levels. The mean score of application, analysis and cognitive higher levels questions in portfolio group were significantly greater than routine evaluation group (p=0.001, p=0.02, respectively). The mean of clinical exam score in both groups had a significant difference. In portfolio group, mean of diagnostic and therapeutic solution and Communication between theoretical and clinical leanings scores were more. Students’ overall satisfaction scores in two evaluation methods were similar. Conclusion: Portfolio evaluation provides the opportunity for more learning by increasing the student’s participation in learning process and helping them to apply theory in practice.

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Background: Preeclampsia is one of major reasons of mortality in mother and child and its early diagnosis is one of the most important parts of health care during pregnancy. The current study was done to find the relationship between hemoglobin and hematocrit in the first trimester of pregnancy and the incidence of preeclampsia in women referring to Milad Hospital in Tehran in 2009-2010. Materials and Methods: This prospective cohort study was conducted on 700 pregnant women in the first trimester of pregnancy, selected by convenience sampling. Prenatal tests were run in Milad Hospital and the results were recorded. Then samples were monitored for preeclampsia until delivery. Data were analyzed by SPSS version 18 (P < 0.05). Results: The highest percentage of research groups suffering from preeclampsia was in hemoglobin ≥12/5% g/dl and hematocrit of ≥38% group. There was a significant relationship between hemoglobin and hematocrit levels during the first trimester of pregnancy and preeclampsia (P<0.001, P=0.002). Hemoglobin of ≥ 12.45 g/dl presented a sensitivity of 85%, the specificity of 43.04%, positive predictive value of 9.63%, and negative predictive value of 97.57%. Hematocrit of ≥ 38% presented the sensitivity of 77.5%, the specificity of 50.71, the positive predictive value of 10.1%, and the negative predictive value of 96.93%. Conclusion: The presence of high hemoglobin and hematocrit in the first trimester of pregnancy can be a predictive factor for diagnosing preeclampsia

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Background: Heavy menstrual bleeding is one of the leading causes of low quality of life and iron deficiency anemia in women of reproductive age. This study was conducted to compare the therapeutic effects of mefenamic acid and the hydroalcoholic extract of Urtica dioica on the volume of bleeding in heavy menstrual bleeding.

Materials and Methods: In this clinical trial, 90 women with heavy menstrual bleeding were selected and after a control cycle for evaluating the primary bleeding volume, using Excel software, were randomly allocated to Urtica dioica or control groups. Both groups were subjected to mefenamic acid treatment with 500 mg every 8 hours, from the first day to the end of bleeding, up to seven days, for two consecutive cycles. In Urtica dioica group, in addition to mefenamic acid, Urtica dioica capsules, five per day, two in the morning, two at noon, and one at night (every eight hours), from the first day to the end of bleeding, up to seven days, were prescribed. In the control group, instead of Urtica dioica capsules, placebo of Urtica dioica was prescribed with the same order. Data on the amount of bleeding (using PLBAC chart) was checked and compared by SPSS software.

Results: The amount of bleeding before and after treatment, between and within groups, was compared. The obtained results showed that the amount of bleeding reduced significantly in both groups after treatment (p=0.001). The reduction of bleeding amount in the Urtica dioica group was significantly higher than that in the control group (p=0.010).

Conclusion: It seems the extract of Urtica dioica can be effective in reducing the amount of bleeding in women of reproductive age with heavy menstrual bleeding. This drug, due to its short course of prescription, fewer side effects, and not having hormonal effects, seems to be an effective drug for treating heavy menstrual bleeding.

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Background: Heavy menstrual bleeding has a negative impact on quality of life. In this study, the effect of hydroalcoholic extract of capsella bursa pastoris on menorrhagia is evaluated.
Materials and Methods: This clinical trial was carried out on 90 women with complaint of heavy menstrual bleeding. Samples, after a control cycle of primary bleeding, were randomly divided to capsella bursa pastoris and control groups. Both groups were subjected to mefenamic acid treatment with 500 mg every 8 hours, from the first day to the end of bleeding, up to seven days, for two consecutive cycles. In capsella bursa pastoris group, in addition to mefenamic acid, capsella bursa pastoris capsule 500 mg every12 hours, from the first day to the end of bleeding, up to seven days, was prescribed. In control group, instead of capsella bursa pastoris capsules,it^,s placebo was prescribed with the same order. Data were checked and compared before and after treatment using SPSS software.
Results: The average amount of bleeding reduced in capsella bursa pastoris group from 135.27 in control cycle to 69.13 in third cycle and in control group reduced from 133.91 to 75.44 in third cycle(p<0.001). The average duration of bleeding was reduced in capsella bursa pastoris group from 7.38 in control cycle to 5.40 in third cycle and in control group was reduced from 6.91 to 5.31 in third cycle(p<0.001).
Conclusion: It seems that the extract of capsella bursa pastoris can be effective in reducing the amount and duration of bleeding in women of reproductive age with heavy menstrual bleeding.