Roohollah Dorostkar, Mohammad Sadegh Hashemzadeh, Mahdi Tat, Mohammad Raza Shafaati, Mohammad Najarasl, Samaneh Zahiri Yeganeh,
Volume 18, Issue 3 (6-2015)
Abstract
Background: In 1970, human papillomavirus (HPV) was introduced as the main etiologic factor of cervical carcinoma. Since there is no possibility of detecting the virus and its subtypes using serological methods and cell culture, the molecular methods such as PCR have particular importance in accurate, early and definite diagnosis of the virus. So, in this research, our goal is to use a proprietary PCR assay based on L1 gene of human papillomavirus for molecular recognition of HPV and to evaluate its prevalence in patient samples.
Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, after collecting of samples from malignant cervical lesions, the viral DNA was extracted from paraffin blocks of 50 clinical samples and PCR was done by specific primers for L1 gene of human papillomavirus in all samples. After the analysis of PCR products by 2% agarose gel electrophoresis, sensitivity and specificity of the test were also evaluated.
Results: Among 50 patient samples, 33 cases were confirmed to be positive for HPV infection and 17 cases were negative, showing high frequency of HPV in this patient population (about 66%). The results of specificity assay were positive for papilloma samples and sensitivity of the assay was 20 copies of recombinant construct containing L1 per reaction.
Conclusion: This study showed that PCR by specific primers for L1 gene of human papilloma virus is a proper and accurate method for detection of this virus and the results confirm the previous reports of correlation between HPV and cervical carcinoma.
Ali Jadidi, Mitra Jaras, Mr Bahman Tavan, Soleiman Zand,
Volume 28, Issue 5 (12-2025)
Abstract
Introduction: Prayer is one of the most important manifestations of the spirit of monotheism in life. Despite the importance of prayer in life, it seems that according to the number of students in Arak University of Medical Sciences, their participation in congregational prayer is not very strong. Therefore, this study was conducted with the aim of explaining the obstacles to participating in congregational prayers from the perspective of Arak University of Medical Sciences students.
Methods: This study is a qualitative research in which data collection was conducted by a trained and informed researcher in a semi-structured manner using a number of guiding questions. Ten students with different academic backgrounds participated in this study. After obtaining consent from the participants to record the interview, they were asked to describe the personal, family, cultural, social, political, and educational challenges of participating in congregational prayers. After the data reached saturation and the researchers realized that no new data was obtained, they terminated the interviews and proceeded to transcribed the interview transcripts. After transcoding, data analysis was performed using content analysis and main concepts were extracted. Qualitative content analysis, which is a common method in qualitative studies, was used in this study. A conventional approach was used to analyze the data.
Results: In this study, 10 students from different fields of study (nursing, medicine, radiotherapy, midwifery, anesthesia, surgical technology, nutrition, laboratory science, occupational health) with an average age of 20.6 years participated, of which 5 were male and the rest were female. After analyzing the interviews, a total of 232 codes, 11 subcategories and 2 main categories were obtained, barriers (environmental, nature of congregational prayer, media, cognitive, political, health, welfare, individual and family, cultural and religious) and facilitators (individual characteristics, personality characteristics of the imam).
Conclusions: According to the results of this study, by removing the interference between the time of the educational classes and the time of the congregational prayer, expanding the cultural activities of the cultural affairs trustees of the university in order to explain the place of prayer to the students, providing a suitable environment to increase the attendance of officials, professors and Faculty staff, finding ways to increase motivation in graduate students, using continuous religious propaganda at the university level, and encouraging and appreciating active students and staff in performing this divine duty can have a significant impact on the establishment of congregational prayers.
