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Introduction: Migraine is one of the widespread discases in the word, being 15-20 percent prevalent in women, and 6 percent in men. The attacks resulting from the migraine usually range from minor to major, and even may make the patient unable to work. Its dangerous and permanenet effects may also led to paralysis of different parts of the body. Therefore, it is necessary to do more investigations concerning diagnosis and drug treatments which can prevent the migraine attacks better.
Materials and Methods: The study was a randomized controlled trial which lasted for six months. The patients have been studied through different ways including case history, checkup. electroencephalogram (EEG), computed tomography scanning, blood sampling, kidney and liver function and starting time of the treatment. Successful treatment responses to control migrainc attacks using the prophylactic drugs. Valproate Sodium and Propranolol with tricyclic antidepression drugs, i.e., Amitriptyline and/or Nortriptyline were studied.
Results: Of 126 patients studied (31.8% were men and 68.2% women), 65.1% had normal EEG and 34.9% had abnormal EEG. The patients using Valproate Sodium with normal and abnormal EEG had successful treatment responses equal to 35% and 95.6%, respectively. Additionally, other patients using Propranolol with tricyclic antidepressant Amitriptyline and/or Nortriptyline with normal and abnormal EEGs had successful treatment responses equal to 61.9% and 28.6%, respectively. Statistically, the results were significantly different. However, there were not significant differences between interactive effects of the drugs in sexes, and sexes in EEG types. The most prevalent side effects due to Valproate Sodium and Propranolol with tricyclic antidepressant drugs, i.e., Amitriptyline and/or Nortiptyline were vertigo and exhaustation, respectively.
Conclusion: This study revealed that the best treatment to prevent migraine attacks was using Valproate Sodium tablets in patients with abnormal EEGs, and using Propranolol tablets along with Amitriptyline and/or Nortriptyline for those who had normal EEG.

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Background: Chronic diabetes mellitus is accompanied with disturbances in learning, memory, and cognitive skills. Noticing the existing evidence regarding the anti-diabetic potential of hesperetin, the effect of its chronic administration on learning and memory in diabetic rats was investigated. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, 40 male Wistar rats were divided into control, hesperetin-treated control, diabetic, and hesperetin/glibenclamide-treated diabetic groups. For evaluation of learning and memory, initial (IL) and step-through latencies (STL) were determined at the end of the study using passive avoidance test, and the alternation behavior percentage was obtained using Y maze. Results: STL significantly decreased in the diabetic (p<0.01) and hesperetin-treated diabetic (p<0.05) groups in comparison to the control group however, the difference between these two groups was not significant. Alternation percentage in the diabetic group was significantly lower in comparison to the control group (p<0.05), but the hesperetin-treated diabetic group revealed a significant difference in comparison to the diabetic group (p<0.05). Conclusion: Although long-term treatment with hesperetin does not enhance the capability of retention and recall in diabetic animals on the passive avoidance test, it can improve the short-term spatial memory in diabetic animals.

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Background: Gastric ulcer treatment with chemical drugs is associated with a multitude of side effect. One of the most important groups of probiotics is lactic acid bacteria. The aim of this study was to investigate the healing effects of Lactobacillus pentosus on gastric ulcer induced by acetic acid.

Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, 45 male Wistar rats were divided into experimental, control 1, and control 2 groups. After one day of fasting, the rats were operated and gastric ulcer was induced by acetic acid. One day after surgery, the groups were treated with the 1010 cfu/day bacteria, dissolved in one ml of milk sterilizer, 1 ml of milk sterilizer, and 1 ml of normal saline, respectively, via gavage. On days 1, 4, 7, 10, and 14 after the induction of gastric ulcer, the animals were killed and the wound size (mm2) and the effect of the bacteria on the healing of wounds were measured for each rat.

Results: The treatment with Lactobacillus pentosus strains significantly decreased wound size in the experimental group compared with control groups. Significant increases in the number of neutrophils, macrophages, fibroblasts, significant decreases in the number of neutrophils, macrophages, and increased numbers of fibroblasts were observed in the experimental group compared to the control groups. Also, significant reductions in the number of neutrophils, macrophages, and fibroblasts were seen in the experimental group compared with the other two groups.

Conclusion: Lactobacillus pentosus has healing effects on gastric ulcer induced by acetic acid.

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  Background: Due to the lack of efficient anti-HIV vaccine, anti-HIV pharmaceuticals play an important role in controlling HIV infection. Also significant rise in drug resistance and drug toxicity has caused increased interest in finding new anti-HIV agents. In this study, a nano-sized version of lamivudine based on PEGylated chitosan was synthesized.

  Materials and Methods: In this research, nanoparticles of chitosan were efficiently PEGylated for increasing their stability in water and then the anti-HIV drug, lamivudine, was loaded on these PEGylated nanoparticles. After purification and lyophilization of new synthesized nanoparticle, the raw materials and final product were sampled and FTIR, HNMR and CHN analyses were done.

  Results: Results of HNMR spectroscopy showed that chitosan nanoparticle was successfully PEGylated. HNMR data confirmed FTIR results and indicated that lamivudine was conjugated on chitosan nanoparticle. In addition, CHN analysis data also confirmed both HNMR and FTIR data, and demonstrated that a high yield of chitosan nanoparticle PEGylation (approximately 97%) was done and illustrated a high capacity of lamivudine conjugation on nano-sized PEGylated chitosan (30% _W/W chitosan).

  Conclusion: In this study, lamivudine drug was successfully synthesized, based on PEGylated chitosan nanoparticle.

 

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Background: Missed abortion refers to pregnancy products remain dead with age less than 20 weeks in the womb for several weeks. This study was designed to evaluate the efficacy of castor oil on cervical ripening in the treatment of abortion.

Materials and Methods: This triple blind clinical trial was done on 72 women with missed abortion who were divided into two groups of 36 patients based on odd or even numberd of cases. The case groups received 800 mg vaginal misoprostol and 60 ml castor oil mixed with fruit juice and control groups received 800 mg vaginal misoprostol and 60 ml placebo with fruit juice, respectively. In both groups, if needed, 3 doses of vaginal suppository 800 mg were repeated with at least 24 hours. After the disposal of pregnancy products, sonography and curettage were performed if necessary.

Results: During the intervening period, the time of the opening of the cervix in the intervention group was shorter than control group and there was a statistically significant difference (p=0.032). Also, the control group required a higher frequency of administration of misoprostol than intervention group and the difference was statistically significant (p = 0.037).

Conclusion: It seems that the castor oil can be effective on cervical ripening for treatment of abortion.

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Background and Aim: Resistance training with blood flow restriction can have the same effects as traditional resistance training. The current study aimed to determine the effect of six weeks of selected resistance training with active and passive rest, with and without blood flow restriction, on young men’s C Reactive Protein (CRP), Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH), and muscle endurance.
Methods & Materials: From the available and voluntary samples, 24 healthy young soldiers of the Islamic Republic of Iran Air Force were divided into 3 groups of 8 subjects: traditional resistance training, resistance training with blood flow restriction, and passive rest and resistance training with blood flow restriction and active rest. Exercise programs were performed for 6 weeks, 3 sessions per week with an intensity of 70-80% One-repetition maximum (1RM) for the traditional resistance group (3 sets of 10), 20-30% 1RM for the passive rest group (30-15-15-15), and 20 -30% 1RM was administered for the active rest group (30-7-15-7-15). Before and after six weeks, physiological and anthropometric characteristics, muscle endurance, and hormonal levels were measured, and ELISA measured blood samples. Data were analyzed using covariance and Bonferroni post hoc tests and paired t-test for comparison within groups.
Ethical Considerations: All experimental procedures were approved by the Ethics committee of the Sport Sciences Research Institute of Iran (Code: I.R.SSRC.REC.1398.129), Clinical Trial (Code: ID IRCT20191207045644N1) from the Iran Clinical Trial Registration Center and were conducted under the Declaration of Helsinki.
Results: Results showed that 6 weeks of exercise had a significant effect on Muscle endurance (P=0.001) but on the levels of C-reactive protein (P=0.43) and Lactate dehydrogenase (P=0.44) had no significant difference. 
Conclusion: According to the results of this study, it seems that a combination of resistance training with restriction of blood flow and Interval training (active rest) can be a good alternative to traditional training and, in some cases, replace resistance training with occlusion and passive rest.