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Introduction: One  of  the  most  important  health  problems  of  the  country  is  parasitic  infections, specially  intestinal  parasites  which  have  relatively  high  prevalence  rate  through  out  the  world. Theses  infections  can  cause  iron  deficiency  anemia, physical  and  mental  retardation  among  children  and  family  members.  Since  mothers  come  to  account  as  the  base  of  the  family  and  each  their  deviation  of  health  can  consider  as  a  risk  factor  for  them  and  the  other  family  members, this  study  was  conducted  to  determining  prevalence  rate  of  intestinal  parasitic  infections  among  mothers  and  associated  demographic  factors.
Materials  and  Methods:  This  survey  is  a  descriptive  analytical  study  which  cross-sectionaly  was  done  based  on  systematic  randomized  sampling  method  on  1650.  Mothers  in  three  regions  of  the  town.  Their  feces  were  examined  three  times  by  formalin  ether  concentration  technique.  Of course  for  gathering  data  about  demographic  factors, questionires  were  filled  all  infected  mothers.
Results: of  1650  case, 801  mothers (48.5%)  were  infected  by  intestinal  infections:110  mothers  (13.73%) m were  infected  by  pathogenic  intestinal  infection, Giardia  lambia 89 case (5.39%)  was  the  commonest  infection, entamoeba  histolytica  12  cases  (72%), hymenolepsis  nana  5  cases (3%), ascaris  3  case (1.18%)  and  tenia  saginata  1 cases  (0.6%)  respectively. 691  mothers  (869.2%)  were  infected  by  nonpathologenic  intestinal  infection.  E.coli  313  case(19%), blastocystic  hominis  267  cases  (16.18%), endolimax  nana 67  cases (4%), lodamoeba  buetschlii 34  cases, (25%)  and  chilomastix  mesnili  10  cases  (0/6%)  respectively.
Conclusion:  In this  survey, there  was  no  significant  relationship  between  infection  rate  and  demographic  factors  like  age, job, level  of  literary  and  residence  region. However  the  findings  showed  that  the  highest  rate  of  pathogenic  intestinal  parasitic  infections  were  7.8%  (43 cases) in  down  town, 6.72%  (37  cases)  in  town  center  and  5.45%  (30  cases)  in  uptown.

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Introduction: Nowadays, the attention of researchers has been focused on natural medicine in order to avoid the detrimental side effects of chemical drugs. In this study we assessed the effect of root extract of Tagetes minuta against HSV-1 and HSV-2. Materials and Methods: This research is an experimental study. Root extract of Tagetes minuta was obtained with 70% ethanol by maceration. Vero cells were grown in DMEM containing 5% fetal bovine serum. Serial dilutions of extracted suspension (1/10, 1/20, 1/40, 1/80, 1/160) were incubated by the exact titer of viruses and monitored for antiviral activity of extract. Data was analyzed using Doncan test. Results: Root extract obtained from Tagetes minuta significantly has antiviral activity against HSV-1 and HSV-2. This extract has more effect on HSV-2 than HSV-1. This study indicates that antiviral activity of the extract varies between different concentrations and the optimum antiviral activity on both viruses was obtained using 1/10 concentration. Conclusion:The results of this investigation showed that root extract of Tagetes minuta have good antiviral potenoial against HSV-1 and HSV-2, a good source of drug for treatment of diseases due to HSV-1 and HSV-2.

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Introduction: Extracts of leaves from Camellia sinensis L contains polyphenolic components with antimicrobial activity. In this investigation biofilm inhibitory effects of black and green tea extracts were defined for five members of enterobacteriacea family including: Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli, Shigella flexneri, Proteus mirabilis, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium. Because tea is the most widely drunk beverage in Iran, therefore investigation of its effects on enterobacterial biofilm formation and colonization is very important. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study after extraction of samples with Soxhlet extractor in water/ methanol solution, further extraction took place in Ethyl acetate phase. The extracts preserved in 4oC refrigerator after sterilization by 0.44 µ filters. Well diffusion (Kirby Bauer) and broth dilution methods were used for evaluation of minimum inhibitory concentration of biofilm formation in black and green tea extracts treated cultures. Evaluation of biofilm formation was assayed by observation of colony forming unit of cultured bacteria per milliliter by sampling from Erlenmeyer flask wall scratching onto Tripticase soy agar medium and comparing the results with controls. Analysis of data was done using analysis of variance. Results: Biofilm inhibitory effects of black tea were greater than green tea. The concentration of 4.5 mg/ml of black tea and 5mg/ml of green tea had bactericidal effects against examined bacteria. On Mueller Hinton agar, Proteus mirabilis was more sensitive to black tea EPEC was more sensitive to green tea and Klebsiella pneumoniae showed more resistance to both extracts. Conclusion: Due to the fact that gastrointestinal tract is directly affected with consumed beverage, the high concentration of tea entered in lumen can reduce the number of enterobacteriaceae and can reduce their carcinogenic amine products. Thus it plays an important role in inhibition of gastrointestinal lymphoma and colon carcinoma. Also application of tea polyphenols as a food preservative can be useful.

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Background: Hospital readmission rate as a global health problem has increased over the last few decades. Congestive heart failure (CHF) is one of the most common causes of hospital readmission. Little is known about barriers of readmission rate control. The aim of this study was used for data exploring the barriers of readmission rate control. Methods and Materials: A qualitative study was designed with grounded theory approach. Data were gathered with interview. This study was started with proposly sampling and continues with theoretical sampling during 6 months. A convenience sample of 42 people was recruited from two public educational hospitals in Tehran during 6 month. The data were analyzed using constant comparative analysis. Results: Data analysis demonstrated lake of sensitivity on barriers of readmission incorrect patient’s health believes and expectations insufficient patient education, drug and diet adherence, and incorrect life style lack of active medical system , distrust on physicians and lack of communication psychological issues and patient - family challenges, were as the barriers of readmission control. Conclusion: This research had shown that the barriers of readmission control recognized by applying Qualitative research method with source triangulation better than the biomedical approach with single source. On the other hand, lack of sensitivity of partcipants on barriers of readmission control is a new finding. So, for controlling the barriers of readmission despite of exploring the barriers, making sensitive of involved people to readmission, is also proposed

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Background: Allah descended the holy Quran to guide the human and for instructing him the principles of life. The holy Quran always guides the human in the best of ways. Accordingly, the aim of this study was to explore the manifestation of Quran reading in the life of faculty members, students, and clerks’ at Arak University of Medical Sciences (AUMS). Materials and Methods: This qualitative study was done through content analysis method, and the data were collected through interviews. The study was initiated with purposive sampling and continued by theoretical sampling 30 individuals were interviewed over a 2 month period at AUMS. The data were analyzed based on the content analysis method. Continuous-comparative analysis was utilized for data analysis. Results: Data analysis showed the manifestation of miracles in life, achieving internal peace, having humanistic communication, decision making based on Quran instructions, being patient and tolerant, behaving based on Quran instructions, and saving as secondary codes of the effect of Quran reading on participants’ life, and “the effect of holly Quran on the whole dimensions of life” as the main code or theme. Conclusion: In this qualitative study, using triangulation sources, the effects of Quran reading on the faculty members, students, and clerks’ life at AUMS were identified more profoundly than the quantitative methods. On the other hand, the effect of Quran reading on all dimensions of the participants’ life, as the theme of this study, is a very important finding which is completely in accordance with Allah’s words in Quran. Therefore, in order to achieve more divine benefits from Quran, reading the holy Quran is recommended to academians and all people, in general, so as to compete for using Quran more.

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Background: Measurement of service quality is a basic prerequisite for improving quality. Studies show that consumers are in close contact with services quality better than any other group. This study was conducted with the aim of measuring service quality based on patients’ expectations and perceptions teaching hospitals in Arak, Iran. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was done on 260 patients at under auspices of Arak University of Medical Sciences. For data collection SERVQUL questionnaire was employed to measure quality of services. The reliability and validity of this questionnaire had already been confirmed by studies both in Iran and other countries. Results: The results showed that there were significant differences between patients’ expectations and perceptions in all dimensions of quality. The accessibility dimension constituted the most serious problem at hospitals. Conclusion: The negative scores show that it is necessary to promote all quality services dimensions at hospitals. For reducing the qualitative gap among all dimensions, it is recommended that hospital managers take patients’ needs into account and provide desirable services for them.

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Background: Leukemia, due to its widespread prevalence, high mortality rate, high treatment expenses, and long hospital stay, influences the families and their children to a great extent. This study was done to explore the experiences of parents whose children suffer from leukemia. Materials and Methods: Using qualitative research approach with applying content analysis method, 22 participants were interviewed in two teaching hospitals during 2 months. The study started by purposive sampling and continued by a theoretical one till data saturation. The obtained data were constantly analyzed through content analysis method. Results: Data analysis showed that “finding no solution in life, having a lot of problems, errors in treatment, concealing the illness, faith in God, parents’ devotion, hospital facilities, and consistency were the level 3 codes of parents’ experiences and “parents’ reaching a dead-end in life” was the main theme or core category of this study. Conclusion: Using a qualitative approach for exploring the experiences of parents with a child suffering from blood cancer helped recognize them more profoundly than quantitative methods. On the other hand, “parents’ reaching a dead-end in life” as the theme shows the importance of attention to parents’ problems. Using these experiences can increase hope among parents and help conduct the treatment more effectively.

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Background: Nowadays, the elderly population is growing all over the world. Diseases and conditions resulting from this evolutionary process can severely affect the quality of life of the elderly. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the effect of educational programs of healthy lifestyle on the quality of life of the elderly in Arak city.

Materials and Methods: This quasi-experimental was carried out on 60 elderly subjects in Arak city. The subjects participated in classes on nutrition, exercise, sleep hygiene, and life skills for a month and they were followed for three months after intervention. Data were collected by the short form quality of life (SF-36) in elderly.

Results: The mean score of quality of life was 61.06±7.42. The highest mean was associated with social health (74.5±15) while the lowest mean was for physical health (46±17). In terms of quality of life indicators before educational intervention, four categories emerged: poor (13.3%), medium (30%), good (41.7%), and high (15%). After intervention, the majority of the samples fell in the good (38.3%) and high (45%) categories. There was a significant difference before and after the educational intervention (p<0.001).

Conclusion: Education to elderly about the healthy lifestyle practices can prevent a lot of problems and help them to improve their quality of life. Therefore, classroom education is fruitful for this group that is often neglected.

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Background: Patients with myocardial infarction are faced to multi stressors in which cause to increase their anxiety. This study with the goal of determination of the effect of Durosia Anethifolia (Barilax) on anxiety after myocardial infarction was accomplished.

Materials and Methods:This is a clinical trial which was done on 90 patients with MI. All people were selected by simple method at first and then they randomly allocated into two intervention and control groups. After 24 hours, perl of Barilax 1oo mg twice per day were prescribed for intervention group, and the same dosage of placebo were given to control group. Anxity rate 24 and 96 hours after MI by state Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) were measured. All data with X2 and paired T test were analysed.

Results: The mean age of patients in intervention group was 60.68 and 61.46 in control group. In intervention group 51% male and 49% were female and in control group 71% were male and 29% were female. Before intervention, the mean of anxiety rate in intervention group was 46.91 and in control group was 42.24 with no significant difference. After intervention, the mean of anxiety rate in intervention group was 33.35 and in control group was 36.48 with significant difference (p=0.012).

Conclusion: Oral consumption of Durosia Anethifolia (Barilax) on anxiety rate after myocardial infarction was effective. So description of this drug as an effective drug on controling of anxiety after myocardial infarction is recommended.

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Background: The growing elderly population in Iran and the association of aging with the high prevalence of physical and mental disorders have increased the necessity of determining quality of life of this age group. The quality of life of elderly women is affected by several factors due to their vulnerability. Hence, this study was designed to investigate the quality of life of elderly women in Arak.

Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out on 271 elderly women who lived in Arak in 2013 using classified sampling. Data were obtained via general QOL (SF-36) questionnaires and analyzed by SPSS software.

Results: The mean (±SD) age of the participants was 67.5±7.02 years. The mean (±SD) total scores of SF-36, mental health, and physical health dimensions were 50.22±18.39, 58.54±19.38, and 46.35±20.82, respectively. The mean (±SD) score of eight dimensions of QOL were: general health 45.52±10.79, social function 56.58±24.94, physical pain 47.60±28.27, physical function 51.46±27.05, physical limitation 38.10±42.67, emotional problems 46.22±42.11, vitality 50.16±19.09, and mental health 58.54±19.38. There were significant difference between QOL, marriage, and income (P<0.05).

Conclusion: The results showed that the quality of life in this study was average and some factors, such as education, income, marriage, and residential situation, have a direct influence on QOL.

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Introduction: Gestational diabetes is defined as hyperglycemia with onset or first diagnosis during pregnancy, with a lower frequency than general diabetes. Overweight and obesity, old age at the time of pregnancy, previous history of gestational diabetes, family history of type 2 diabetes, and race are risk factors for gestational diabetes. Recently, the relationship between two polymorphisms (rs9939609 and rs1421085) of Fat mass and obesity-associated (FTO) gene and the risk of gestational diabetes has been investigated in some studies with conflicting results. Therefore, our aim of the present study was to investigate the association study of rs1421085 and rs9939609 of the FTO gene on gestational diabetes.
Methods: In this case-control study, five cc of peripheral blood was collected from 100 cases with gestational diabetes and 116 control pregnant women from Taleghani Hospital in Arak, and then DNA was extracted. After designing the specific primers, the genotypes were determined by the Tetra ARMS-PCR method. Demographic information was compared with genotypes between the two groups were compared using SNPSTAT software.
Results: A significant correlation was observed between obesity, BMI before and during pregnancy, HbA1c, FBS, cholesterol, and triglyceride levels among mothers with gestational diabetes compared to healthy pregnant mothers P = 0.0001. According to data analysis, there was no significant association between rs1421085 and rs9939609 of the FTO gene with gestational diabetes.
Conclusions: Considering the conflicting results between the association of FTO gene polymorphisms with gestational diabetes, to better identify and understand the pathogenesis of the disease, more studies with a higher number of samples and more racial groups are needed. In the future, identifying the profile and locations of genetic susceptibility to gestational diabetes can be used in the patient's management.

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Introduction: The coronavirus crisis is a multidimensional phenomenon that affects even the family. The impact of the situation on the family has been less discussed. Therefore, a qualitative study was conducted to explain families' experiences with patients suffering from COVID-19.
Methods: A qualitative study was conducted with a content analysis approach in 2021. Sampling started with purposive sampling and continued theoretically until information saturation was reached. The primary data collection tool was a semi-structured, in-depth interview in which
10 participants were interviewed. The participants were people from the family of a patient with COVID-19 who, while willing to participate in the study, were either involved in caring for the patient or were worried about the patient's infection. In addition, their patient recovered from Corona and was alive. The interview location was chosen according to the participants' opinion, whether it was at their home or a place that was convenient for them. The interviews were analyzed using the Granheim and Lundman method.
Results: After analyzing the data, initially, 391 codes, 16 subcategories, and finally, five themes were extracted. The five themes that emerged are the experienced symptoms of the disease with two subcategories (symptoms of the onset of the disease and the course of the symptoms), mental and emotional disturbances with seven subcategories (contagion anxiety, death anxiety, fear of the vague nature of the disease, torment of conscience, obsession, emotional suffering, and financial worries), sacrifice in care with two subcategories (suffering care and multiplicity of roles),  resilience in the path of care with three subcategories (supportive aspects, reduction of caregiving stress and obtaining information about the disease), Change and evolution in the course of life with two subcategories (individual growth and getting the meaning of life).
Conclusions: According to the present study, after one of the family members gets infected with Corona, the other members have a crisis. The individual, psychological, social, and economic dimensions of the family foundation are facing challenges. It needs the comprehensive support of the family as the first and most important institution of society. Although facing this crisis and accompanying challenges leads to the experience of special suffering, it lays the foundation for personal growth and a better understanding of the meaning of life. Therefore, it can be said that the experience of this crisis is not only from the social aspect but also from the individual aspect, along with tremendous positive and negative developments.