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Introduction: Tension  headache  is  the  most  common  type  of  headache. Tension  headache is  mostly  caused  by  stress, anxiety  and  depression.  Treatment  is  by  pharmacological  and  nonpharmacological  methods.  Nowdays  nonpharmacological  methods  are  used  increasingly. This  is  a  response  to  the  over  use  of  drugs, side  effects  and  cost.  The  purpose  of  chronic  tension  headache.
Materials  and  Methods: This  research  is  a  clinical  trial  study. 25  women  suffered  from  chronic  tension  headache  were  treated  by  massage  during  5  weeks. Samples  were  asked  to  record  headache  indexes  in  a  checklist  four  times  a  day  (before  breakfast, before launch , before  dinner  and  before  sleep)  through  these  5  weeks. Data  from  the  first  and  fifth  weeks  were  recorded  as  pre  and  post intervention  data and  data  from  the  second, third  and  fourth  weeks  of  investigations  were  recorded  as  the  data  during  intervention.  During  the  intervention  samples  were  treated  twice  a  week  for  20  minutes  each  time  with  the  friction  massage  on  posterior  parts  of  the  neck  and  shoulders.  Headache    indexes  included: intensity, frequency  and  duration  of  headache, headache  intensity  was  recorded  using  11  points  criteria. Headache  frequency  was  measured  by  calculating  the  days  of  headache  in  a  week  and  the  duration  of  the  headache  was  calculated  by  dividing  sum  of  headache  hours  in  a  week  to  the  frequency  of  attacks. Data  was  analyzed  by  analysis  of  variance  and  Tukey  test.
Results: Results  showed  the  positive  effect  of  massage  in  which  headache  indexes  showed  a  meaningful  difference  in  three  stages  of  pre, during  and  post  intervention (p<0.01).
The  recovery  rates for  each  index  were  52%, 28%  and  57%  respectively.
Conclusion: Massage  therapy  resulted  in  the  reduction  of  intensity, frequency  and  duration  of  tension  headache  and  can  be  useful  in  treatment  of  tension  headache .

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Introduction: About 21 millions low birth weight infants are born throughout the world and have less surviving chance compared to death rate of infants due to other causes. The aim of this study is to determine the relation of mothers' nutrient intake in the last trimester with the delivery of low birth weight infants. Materials and Methods: This Cohort study with a 3-months follow up was carried out on all the pregnant mothers visiting health care centers in Shahrood during their third trimester. Simple sampling was done and samples included 424 subjects. One-week food record of subjects was documented biochemical and hematological tests and also anthropometric examinations were done, and demographic data were gathered. The infants’ birth weight was measured after delivery. Data was gathered by a questionnaire and analyzed using Chi square, Mann-Whitney and Leven tests and logistic regression. Results: Total number of 424 pregnant mothers was studied in accordance with their amount of energy and protein intakes, and was classified in two groups of adequate and inadequate status. It was disclosed that 75% of mothers received low energy (less than 2500 k cal) and 20% were low in protein intake (less than 60gr). Low birth weight prevalence was detected to be 13%. Among low birth weight infants 14%, 25% and 43% were attributed to mothers with low energy, low protein, and non-iron tablets intake respectively. There was a significant relationship between birth weight and iron supplementation (P=0.015), as well as multi-vitamins (P=0.048) during the last trimester of pregnancy. It was also disclosed that the probability of low birth weight infants among low weight mothers was 86%. Conclusion: According to the results there is a significant relationship between mother's nutritional status in the last trimester of pregnancy and infant's birth weight, so it is recommended that mother's weight gain especially in the third trimester and using adequate supplementations be considered.

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Background: Candida albicans is the fourth common cause of chronic fungal infections that cause both mucosal and deep tissue infections. Nowadays, mortality and morbidity due to C .albicans infections via medical devices, such as catheter and implants, are increasing. Therefore, finding new methods of combating such infectious agents seems necessary. In this study antifungal effects of titanium dioxide nanoparticles and photocatalyst TiO2 nanoparticles on C .albicans biofilms were investigated. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, TiO2 nanoparticles were synthesized and exposed to UV ray with 370 nm wavelength. Biofilms of C. albicans were developed on flat-bottomed 96-well microtiter plates, and antifungal effects of TiO2 and photocatalyst TiO2 nanoparticles were evaluated. Data were analyzed by t-test using SPSS software. Results: MIC50 of photocatalyst TiO2 nanoparticles was 1.9 µg/ml and its MIC90 was 2.74 µg/ml while MFC was determined to be 3.37 µg/ml. Biofilms inhibitory concentration of TiO2 nanoparticles, photocatalyst TiO2 nanoparticles, and fluconazole for susceptible strains were 5.14, 4.54, and 4 µg/ml, respectively. These values for the fluconazole resistant strains were 5.35, 4.88, and 8 µg/ml, respectively. Conclusion: Photocatalyst TiO2 nanoparticles showed a suitable antifungal property against C. albicans biofilms compared with fluconazole. Thus it can be a new strategy in prevention of fungal biofilms, especially those formed on the surface of medical devices.

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Background: Rheumatoid arthritis is the most common inflammatory arthritis. Keratoconjunctivitis sicca, scleritis, and episcleritis are ocular complications of this disease. The aim of this study is to evaluate Sjogren’s syndrome in subjects with rheumatoid arthritis.

Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, ninety patients diagnosed as rheumatoid arthritis that followed up in rheumatology clinic of Rasool Akram hospital for six months and no definite cause was found for their dry eye, enrolled in the study. Rheumatoid arthritis activity was evaluated by DAS28 index and the severity of dry eye was assessed by Japanese dry eye diagnostic criteria.

Results: Mean activity of disease according to DAS28 was 2.9±1.56 and 88.9% of patients had dry eye based on Japanese dry eye diagnostic criteria. Twelve patients (13.3%) had secondary Sjogren's syndrome. SSA antibody was positive in 13.3% patients and 10% patients had positive SSB antibody. There was significant correlation between rheumatoid arthritis activity based on DAS28 and severity of dry eye according to Japanese dry eye diagnostic criteria in the both Sjogren (p=0.045) and non Sjogren groups (p=0.001).

Conclusion: We found significant correlation between rheumatoid arthritis activity and dry eye in the both sjogren and non-Sjogren groups. Most of rheumatoid arthritis subjects do not have Sjogren’s syndrome but dry eye is common even in rheumatoid arthritis patients without Sjogren's syndrome.

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Background: Menopause is a critical period in the women life which is associated with different neurophysiological and cognitive changes. This study aimed to determine the relationship between menopausal symptoms with metabolic syndrome in postmenopausal women.

Materials and Methods: This descriptive - analytical study was conducted on 165 postmenopausal women referred to health centers in Ahvaz. Data collection tools were standardized questionnaire menopausal rating symptoms (MRS), questionnaire to record demographic information and the results of experiments and measurements (blood pressure, Waist circumference). The data were analyzed by Pearson correlation coefficients, Mann-Whitny in by SPSS version 19.

Results: The results showed that the overall mean of MRS in this study was 11.85±5.4. The mean of metabolic syndrome was 36±4.8 percent and we found significant association between blood pressure (p=0.04), blood sugar (p=0.02),HDL-C(p=0.02) and urogenital symptoms. But there werent significant relationship between other metabolic syndrome components and other menopausal symptoms (somatic and psychological Dimensions).

Conclusion: The relationship was observed between metabolic syndrome and urogenital symptoms, therefore, as a preventative health strategy women with urogenital complaints should examin for metabolic syndrome.

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