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Introduction: Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) is the most common benign tumor in men. Due to the side effects of chemical drugs, phytotherapy has become a treatment method in BPH since 1990s. Prostatan is a plant extract widely available in Iran. In this study, we evaluated the therapeutic effects of Prostatan drop in combination with Prazosin in alleviating BPH symptoms. Materials and Methods: In a single blind randomized clinical trial , 66 men over 50 years with BPH symptoms who were visited in Vali-e-Asr hospital of Arak were randomly divided in two groups and treated with either Prostatan (40 drop,TDS) plus Prazosin (1mg, BD)or Prazosin (1mg, BD)alone . AUA symptom score, PSA (prostate-specific antigen) levels, Prostate volume, post voidal residue (PVR) by sonograms and uroflowmetry results were determined before and 12 weeks after treatment. Data was analyzed by T and Man- Whithey u tests. Results: Before treatment there were no significant differences in age, PSA, PVR, AUA symptom score, Prostate volume and uroflowmetry between the two groups. After treatment the mean of PSA levels, Prostate volume and PVR did not differ between the two groups. In the Prostatan plus Prazosin group, the mean of AUA symptom score was 3.3 less (p<0.0001) and the mean of maximal urine flow rate was 2.7 ml/s more than the Prazosin group (p<0.0001). Conclusion: Regarding results, it seems that adding Prostatan to Prazosin against Prazosin alone enhances its effects on controlling BPH symptoms and increases urine flow rates.

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Introduction: Oral Ketamine is used as a low side effect analgesic in comparison with opioids, in different pain syndromes. This study is designed to evaluate the effect of oral Ketamine in renal colic treatment. Materials and Methods: In this clinical trial study 104 patients with renal colic, hospitalized in emergency department, were divided in to two groups by Random block design. Group B received Pethidine (1 mg/kg up to 100 mg) and placebo, and group A received Pethidine with the same dose and Ketamine (0.5 mg/kg). All patients were assessed for pain by using VAS chart, for nausea by a 0-3 scale and for the number of vomiting at baseline and 1, 2 and 3 hours after taking drug. The results were analyzed by t-test. Results: Average pain score and vomiting in all times and nausea score in one and three hours after receiving drugs were reduced significantly in patients who took Pethidine and Ketamine comparing patients who took Pethidine and placcbo(p < 0.05). Conclusion: Regarding the significant effect of Ketamine in reduction of pain, nausea and vomiting without side effects, it is possible to use Ketamine as an adjuvant drug in treatment of renal colic and to reduce narcotic dosage.

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Background: The most common reasons for discontinuation of Depot Medroxy Progesterone Acetate (DMPA) contraceptive method are irregular bleeding and increased body weight. To reduce these complications, the combined injectable contraceptive drug, cyclofem, is offered as an alternative while its effects on the reduction of these complications are not quite clear. Thus this study was done to compare the effects of cyclofem and DMPA on the pattern of bleeding, body weight, and blood pressure variations. Materials and Methods: In a cross-sectional study, 600 healthy women using DMPA and cyclofem) 300 people in each group (were selected through purposeful sampling and evaluated in 3 time intervals: 3, 6 and 9-12 months after primary injection. Data were collected by questionnaire and analyzed by Chi-square, ANOVA, and Mann-Whitney tests using SPSS software. Results: Spotting and amenorrhea were seen with higher incidence in DMPA users. There was a significant difference between DMPA and cyclofem users in spotting at the end of months 3, 6, and 9-12 after the first injection (p<0.05). Also, there was a significant difference between the two groups in amenorrhea during the three intervals (p<0.05). There was not a significant difference between the two groups in terms of weight variations (p>0.05), but there was a significant difference between the two groups in diastolic blood pressure (p<0.05). Conclusion: Considering the lower incidence of amenorrhea and spotting in cyclofem users, encouraging eligible clients to use the cyclofem contraceptive method is recommended. Also these users are recommended to carefully control their body weight and blood pressure.

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Background: Genetic variability of influenza viruses causes new epidemics worldwide annually. Development of a new vaccine for prophylaxis of influenza virus has been amajor objective in recent years. The aim of this study was to construct a recombinant baculoviruscapable of expressing the two surficial antigenic glycoproteins, hemagglutininand neuraminidase, as well as matrix proteinsof swine influenza (H1N1) simultaneously and independently. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, first, a triplet cassette providing simultaneous and independent expression of target proteins was designed and subjected to synthesis. It was then cloned into pFastBac1 donor plasmid. Competent E.ColiDH10Bac cells were transformed by donor clone and the recombinant bacmids were produced following homologous transposition. This construction was verified by PCR and then transfected into Sf9 insect cells to package new recombinant baculoviruses. Results: Restriction map of pFastBacI HNM1 donor plasmid confirmed the fidelity of the clone. The results of PCR done on the recombinant bacmidas template indicated that a proper homologous recombination has occurred between pFastBacI HNM1 donor plasmid and the bacmid in E.ColiDH10Bac host cells. Protein analysis of the infected Sf9 cells showed that all target proteins were efficiently expressed at the same time. Conclusion: The recombinant baculovirus constructed in this studypossesses proper characteristics to produce swine influenza virus-like particles in Sf9 cells.

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Background: Influenza type A virus is one of the most important viral agents in human respiratory diseases. The genetic variability of the influenza viruses leads to the incidence of new epidemics worldwide. Hence, there is a growing need for rapid and effective new methods capable of detection and differentiation of influenza virus circulating strains. This study was done to develop a method for rapid differentiation of the subtypes of influenza type A virus. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, reverse-transcription and polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) were performed using a primer set based on M gene of H1N1, H3N2, H5N1, and H9N2 influenza subtypes. Then the amplified fragments were subjected to digestion using subtype specific restriction endonuclease enzymes. Results: The results of PCR reaction showed that the primer pair of the M gene was specific and capable of amplifying all influenza subtypes understudy. Also, different restriction fragment length polymorphism patterns (RFLP) were generated using enzyme digestion reaction on the amplified segment of M gene. Conclusion: RT-PCR and RFLP analysis of the M gene can be employed as a useful method for differentiating influenza virus subtypes

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Background: There is a relationship between diabetes, dialysis and oxidative stress. The aim of this study was the comparison of structural changes in Hb, oxidative damages in plasma proteins, and antioxidant capacity in diabetic hemodialysis patients with those of control subjects.

Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, blood samples obtained from diabetic hemodialysis patients and control group. Oxidative damages in plasma proteins were determined by carbonyl assay and antioxidant power of plasma was performed by FRAP assay. Conformational changes in Hb were detected by spectrophotometric analysis. Blood glucose, urea, creatinine and uric acid in patients were determined usnig routine laboratory methods. Statistical analysis were performed by using regression analysis and t-test in SPSS20 software.

Results: This study showed a significant correlation between carbonyl content of plasma proteins and optical density of Hb at 630 and 275 nm which corresponds to structural changes in Hb. ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP), as an index of total antioxidant capacity of plasma was found to be enhanced significantly in diabetic patients receiving hemodialysis (from 1019.62±129 to 1354.54±129 molare, p<0.05).

Conclusion: The results obtained in the present study showed that inducible factors in diabetic hemodialysis patients contribute to plasma antioxidant activity and probably responsible for prevention of carbonyl formation and oxidative damages in hemoglobin.

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Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a complex hormonal disorder affecting the reproductive and metabolic systems. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of 8-week pilates training on anti-mullerian hormone level and cardiometabolic parameters in women with polycystic ovary syndrome.

Materials and Methods: In this semi-experimental study with pretest–posttest design, twenty PCOS patients (aged 28.16±4.29 y) were randomly assigned to pilates training or non-exercising control groups. The training group took part in an eight-week progressive pilates exercise program, three times weekly while the control group were instructed to maintain their normal daily activities throughout the eight-week experimental period. Serum levels of anti-mullerian hormone, body composition and metabolic parameters were assessed before and after the training period.

Results: After an 8 week pilates training, insulin resistance index, total cholesterol, LDL- cholesterol, triglycerides and abdominal fat were significantly decreased (p<0.05). Furthermore, anti-mullerian hormone concentrations decreased significantly in response to pilates training (p<0.05).

Conclusion: These results suggest that pilates training can have beneficial effects on metabolic indices and ovarian reserve in women with polycystic ovary syndrome over a two-month period.

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Background: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is defined as glucose intolerance with first dignosis during pregnancy. There is some evidence indicating that chemerin play a role in the development of GDM. In this study, for the first time, a possible association of rs17173608 polymorphism in the chemerin gene with the risk of GDM in Arak population was investigated.

Materials and Methods: In this case-control study, 120 GDM and 150 pregnant women with normal glucose tolerance were selected. GDM was confirmed by oral glucose tolerance according to the new IADPSG criteria. Genomic DNA was extracted from EDTA treated whole blood. The polymorphism of chemerin gene was determined using tetra-amplification refractory mutation system-polymerase chain reaction (T-ARMS-PCR).

Results: The genotype frequencies of  TT, GT and GG at rs17173608 were respectively 81.7%, 17.5% and 0.8% in the GDM group and 73.3%, 25.3% and 1.3% in the control group. There were no statistical differences in genotype frequencies between case group and the control group. Also, allele frequencies in the GDM group  (T 90.4% , G 9.6%), did not differ significantly from the control group ( T 96% ,G 14%). No association was found between genotype frequencies and FBS, 1h, 2 h and BMI.

Conclusion: The present study show that the rs17173608 polymorphism in the chemerin gene is not associated with the development of glucose intolerance and GDM in the studied population.

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Background: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the important causes of hospital infections septicemia, in patients hospitalized in burn ward and those with cystic fibrosis. Considering the PAPI-2 important role in bacteria pathogenesis, the aim of this study is to investigate the frequency of the encoding genes exoU and xerC as markers of PAPI-2 from isolated environmental and clinical samples.

Materials and Methods: In this descriptive study, 40 isolates from sewage of burn wound hospital and 30 from patients hospitalized in burn ward of the hospital covered by shahid Beheshti University, respectively. The frequency of PAPI-2 in both environmental and clinical strains was detected by using PCR and the primers exou and xerc.

Results: Of 40 studied environmental pseudominas aeruginosa strains that their genus and species were confirmed by chemical tests, 30 samples (75%) consisted of exoU gene and 32(80%) included xerC gene. Also, of 30 isolated strains of burn patients, 23 isolates(76.7%) contained both exoU and xerC gene. The results revealed a high prevalence of PAPI-2 (90%) between clincial and environmental samples of pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Conclusion: With due attention to the results, information reveal that the importance and prevalence of pathogenicity island type 2 were high in Iranian clinical and environmental Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates. Also, considering all environmental isolates have at least one of genes, we should care about the risk of transporting pathogenic strains and find solutions to control it.

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Background and Aim: In every age of history, human beings have been afflicted with the fear of disease. Undoubtedly, cancer is among the most concerning diseases; cancer pain is among the major pains. The present study aimed to compare the effects of cognitive-behavioral group therapy and mindfulness-based cognitive therapy on multidimensional pain symptoms in patients with breast cancer.
Methods & Materials: The present study was applied concerning the purpose and applied a quasi-experimental with pretest-posttest, a two-month follow-up, and control group design. The statistical population was all women with breast cancer referring to Tehran Cancer Research Center in 2018 who were selected by convenience sampling method, consisting of 30 patients. They were randomly divided into two groups of intervention and the control group. The repeated-measures Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was used to analyze the obtained data. The research instrument was a multidimensional pain questionnaire (West Hyun-Yale) to evaluate multiple pain indices.
Results: The current study results suggested that cognitive-behavioral therapy and mindfulness-based cognitive therapy were effective on pain experience (P<0.001); however, there was no significant difference between the intervention groups respecting pain experience.
Conclusion Based on the present research findings, cognitive-behavioral therapy and mindfulness-based cognitive therapy impacted the management and pain intensity of patients with breast cancer.