Showing 9 results for Ghaznavi-Rad
Ehsanallah Ghaznavi-Rad, Nader Zarinfar,
Volume 14, Issue 7 (Brucellosis Supplement 2012)
Abstract
Background: Brucellosis is a zoonotic disease which is endemic in Iran. Infection with brucella species during pregnancy can have negative impacts on the outcome of pregnancy however, there is no consensus on its leading to abortion or other severe complications. The aim of the present study is to determine the role of brucellosis in pregnancy and to characterize the risk factors, clinical presentations, and immunology of brucellosis based on the existing reports.
Materials and Methods: In this review article, we studied papers on Pubmed, Elsevier, Cohrane, SID, Ovid, ISC, and IranMedex through such keywords as brucellosis, abortion, intra-uterine fatal diseases, and preterm labor.
Results: Among the original research papers, 51 were found to be related to the title of this study and dealt with the outcome of brucellosis on pregnant women and had discussed the complications of pregnant patients suffering from brucellosis.
Conclusion: According to the investigations made in this study, brucellosis in pregnancy can manifest as normal delivery, increased incidence of spontaneous abortion, intra-uterine fatal diseases, and premature delivery. Therefore, in endemic areas, especially those with inhabitants of low socioeconomic class, educating girls and women of childbearing age about brucellosis and its dangers and risk factors and isolating pregnant women may help prevent the disease and its complications in pregnancy. Moreover, further immunological investigation on the role of immunological reactions following brucellosis infection in pregnant women is required.
Leila Hasanzadeh, Hamid Abtahi, Ehsanollah Ghaznavi-Rad , Safieh Soufian , Vahideh Farjadi ,
Volume 16, Issue 1 (4-2013)
Abstract
Background: Helicobacter pylori is the most common bacteria causing chronic infections worldwide. An important virulence factor of H. pylori is a vacuolating cytotoxin (VacA) that induces the formation of acidic vacuoles in cytoplasm and damage to epithelial cells. The aim of this study was to examine the antigenic properties of the recombinant VacA of H. pylori in infected sera of mice and human.
Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, the highly antigenic region of VacA gene (1233 bp) was detected by bioinformatics methods, and it was amplified by PCR method and cloned into the pET32a expression vector. After expression and purification of the target protein, its antigenicity was studied by Western Blotting using human sera infected with H. pylori and sera from immunized mice infected with purified recombinant VacA.
Results: PCR and sequencing results showed that the target gene was correctly cloned into the recombinant vector. Antibodies used in Western Blotting indicated the production and expression of the recombinant protein (65kDa) with concentration of 2.1 mg/ml.
Conclusion: Recombinant VacA protein has antigenic and immunogenic properties thus, it is a proper candidate for designing H. pylori vaccine and diagnostic kits
Mohsen Rezazadeh, Rasoul Yousefi Mashouf, Hossein Sarmadyan, Ehsanollah Ghaznavi-Rad,
Volume 16, Issue 2 (5-2013)
Abstract
Background: Staphylococcus aureus is considered a common pathogenic factor in infections. Increase in infections caused by this bacterium in developing countries has led to many problems. The aim of this study is to identify the antibiotic patterns of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolated from patients in the central hospital of Arak.
Materials and Methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, a total of 100 samples were isolated from hospital patients during one year. The isolates sensitivity to cefoxitin and oxacilin disks were evaluated through disk diffusion. Using polymerase chain reaction (PCR), the isolates were tested for the presence of mecA gene. Finally, antibacterial resistance patterns of the isolates to 13 antibiotics were determined.
Results: In this study, 80 samples in a total of 100 isolates of Staphylococcus aureus were methicillin-resistant. Evaluation and assessment of antibiotic resistance showed the greatest resistance to penicillin (100%), tetracycline (88.50%), levofloxacin (85.70%), and ciprofloxacin (85.70%), respectively, while the lowest levels of resistance were observed to antibiotics chloramphenicol (5.70%), netilmicin (5.70%), and mupirocin (0%), respectively.
Conclusion: This study showed increased resistance to different antibiotics in Staphylococcus aureus that is a serious warning to the treatment of infections caused by this bacterium in the region. Therefore, in order to prevent increased resistance to other antibiotics, it is essential to withhold prescriptions and unessential use of available antibiotics.
Behnaz Taheri, Siyamak Samiee, Mehdi Paryan, Ehsanollah Ghaznavi-Rad,
Volume 16, Issue 5 (8-2013)
Abstract
Background: The emergence of drug-resistant strain of M.tuberculosis is one of the most critical issues facing TB researchers and clinicians. Rapid diagnosis of drug-resistant tuberculosis is essential for the prompt initiation of effective second-line therapy to improve treatment outcome and limit transmission of this obstinate disease. The aim of this study is to develop a Real-time PCR assay for the detection of mutations in RRDR (rifampcin resistance determinant region) of rpoB which conferring rifampicin resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, the primer and probe set were designed for a RRDR region of rpoB gene using a specialized software. Clinical specimens that had previously been evaluated resistant or sensitive by using convential method, were used for assessing the clinical sensitivity and specificity of the assay.
Results: The clinical sensitivity of the assay was determined 100%. The primers and the probes were rpoB specific and no cross-reaction was observed with other microorganisms and human genome bioinformatically. The clinical specificity of developed Real-time PCR assay was examined experimentally using 25 negative samples and determined to be 100%.
Conclusion: The developed real-time PCR assay can be used as an appropriate and efficient tool for the rapid detection of rifampicin-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
Leila Akhtar Danesh, Zeinab Saiedi Nejad, Hossein Sarmadian, Alireza Amouzandeh-Nobaveh, Aliasghar Farazi, Ehsanollah Ghaznavi-Rad,
Volume 18, Issue 8 (11-2015)
Abstract
Background: Staphylococcus aureus is one of the important pathogens can cause infections in hospitals specially in intensive care units (ICU). It seems that nasal carriage is important risk factor for developing l infection at ICU units. This study was designed to investigate the frequency of S. aureus nasal carriage and its virulence in patients admitted to ICU units in Vali-Asr hospital at Arak university of medical sciences.
Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, nasal swab samples were obtained from all the patients hospitalized in ICU unit of Vali-Asr hospital from July-December 2014 at admission. After identification, methicillin resistance and the frequency of pvl and acme genes determined by PCR. Demographic data were collected using questionnaire and were analysed using SPSS 20 software.
Results: Out of 390 patients, 81(20.8%) and 31(12.9) patients had been colonized with MSSA and MRSA, respectively. The result of culture was negative for 278 patients (71.3%). 77.4% of MRSA and 54.3% of MSSA isolates were positive for acme gene. Also, 11.11% of and 6.45% of MSSA MRSA isolates were positive for pvl gene.
Conclusion: The application of medical supportive devices like cv line, ventilator, history of surgery operation and antibiotic use significantly was associated with S. aureus nasal carriage. High prevalence of S.aureus shows that these bacteria settled in the hospital. Hence, infection control measures must be performed to reduce the risk of hospital infection.
Khadijeh Khosravi, Nader Zarinfar, Ehsanollah Ghaznavi-Rad, Ghasem Mosayebi,
Volume 19, Issue 2 (5-2016)
Abstract
Background: Brucella is an intracellular bacterium that causes chronic infection in humans and domestic animals. The underlying mechanisms that cause prolonged illness are complex and not fully understood. Immune responses may have an important role in the chronicity of infection. Here, we evaluated the lymphocyte proliferation responses in patients with chronic and acute brucellosis.
Materials and Methods: This descriptive - analytical study was performed on 22 patients with acute brucellosis, 21 patients with chronic brucellosis and 21 healthy people with the similar age, sex and genetic background as control group. Peripheral lymphocytes were isolated using Ficoll and the cellular proliferation was quantified in presence of antigen and phytohemaglutinin-A by MTT method.
Results: The brucella antigen-specific stimulation index in patients with chronic brucellosis was significantly lower than the acute brucellosis patients (p=0.001). Also, stimulating the lymphocytes with phytohemaglutinin-A has shown that proliferative response in patients with chronic brucellosis was lower than the other groups (p=0.04).
Conclusion: The results indicated that chronic brucellosis inhibits lymphocyte proliferation. This inhibition of lymphocyte proliferation may be due to the induction of anergy.
Somayyeh Moatti, Behrouz Shojaee Sadi, Ehsanollah Ghaznavi-Rad,
Volume 20, Issue 7 (10-2017)
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Integrons are mobile genetic elements that play an important role in dissemination of antibiotic resistance genes. The aim of present study is to determine the antibiotic resistance profile, frequency of integrons genes (class 1, 2, 3) and compare it between MRSA and MSSA isolates from clinical infections.
Materials and Methods: 50 MRSA and 50 MSSA isolates from March to September 2015 were isolated from infection site of hospitalized patients referred to Valiasr hospital Arak, Iran were subjected to this study. All isolates were tested for susceptibility to antibiotics using disk diffusion method. Then, the mecA gene was studied to validate resistance. The frequency of integrons (class 1, 2, 3) and the variable region genes like qacE
1 and sul1 in isolates were determined by PCR method.
Results: The highest antibiotic resistances rate in isolates was found for clindamycin.
All of the isolates were susceptibel to vancomycin. 80% of MRSA and 40% of the MSSA isolates carried class 1 integrons, whereas class 2 integron were found in 12 % and 4% of MRSA and MSSA isolates, respectively. Also, all isolates that were class 1 integron gene positive contain qacE1 and sul1 genes. Class 3 integrons were not found.
Conclusion: The high frequency of class 1 integron in MRSA and MSSA isolates associated with high rate of antibiotic resistance indicating that may be integrons play an important role facilitating the spread of antimicrobial resistance in this region. Clinical doctors and infection control committee should take this issue seriously.
Elnaz Abbasi, Javad Javaheri, Hamid Momeni, Ehsanollah Ghaznavi-Rad,
Volume 22, Issue 2 (6-2019)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Shigella species are one of the main causes of dysentery. This study aimed to determine the frequency and antibiotic resistance patterns of Shigella species isolated from infectious diarrhea samples in khomein, Iran.
Materials and Methods: A total of 54 infectious diarrhea samples obtained from patients were included in this descriptive cross-sectional study from June 2017 through November 2018. The infectious diarrhea samples were cultured to XLD, MacConkey agar and GN Broth. The phenotypic antibiotic resistance profiles were determined.
Ethical Considerations: This study with research ethics code IR.ARAKMU.REC.1396.307 has been approved by research ethics committee at Arak University of Medical Sciences.
Findings: Out of 54 infectious diarrhea samples, 11 (20.3%) with Shigella spp were identified using culture media. S. sonnei 9(81.8%) and S. flexneri 2(18.1%) were the single species found. The highest antibiotic resistance rates were found for cotrimoxazole 11(100%), ampicillin 10(90.9%), cefixime, cefotaxime and ceftriaxone 9(81.8%). In this study, 8 (72.7%) of the isolates were ESBL and 1 (9%) were AmpC positive.
Conclusion: This study showed that Shigell spp are the main bacterial agent causing dysentery in infectious diarrhea samples in khomein, Iran. This should be taken into consideration by infectious specialists especially during empirical treatment.
Masoomeh Sofian, Elahe Eghbal, Ehsanollah Ghaznavi-Rad, Amitis Ramezani, Pegah Mohaghegh,
Volume 22, Issue 4 (9-2019)
Abstract
Background and Aim Clostridium difficile is the main cause of Antibiotic-Associated Diarrhea (AAD) in the hospital setting. Today, the use of probiotics for the prevention and treatment of AAD and colitis is increasing. In this study, we investigated the effect of probiotic yogurt on the frequency of Clostridium difficile.
Methods and Materials In this randomized clinical trial study, 132 elderly patients admitted to the infectious ward of Vali-e-Asr Hospital in Arak, who were under antibiotic treatment, were randomly divided into two groups, case (yogurt probiotic, 200 mg/d for 8 days) and control group (common yogurt). All patients were trained about the signs of colitis. We evaluated the colitis signs and the presence of Clostridium difficile by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and compared them between the groups. The obtained data were analyzed with appropriate statistical tests in SPSS V. 16.
Ethical Considerations The Research Ethics Committee of Arak University of Medical Sciences approved this study (Code: 10-165-93). Also, it was registered at the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (Code: IRCT2016092229915N1).
Results Clostridium difficile was detected in 4 (6.1%) patients of the case, and 1 (1.5%) patient of the control group, at the beginning of the study. There was no significant difference between the frequency of Clostridium difficile and colitis syndrome between two groups at the end of the study (P>0.05).
Conclusion Probiotic yogurt has no significant effect in reducing the frequency of Clostridium difficile and colitis syndrome in our study.
