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Introduction:  Oxydative  stress may  cause  preterm  labor.  Antioxidants  found  in  fruit  and  vegetable  prevent  the  oxidative  stress  reaction.  In  this  study  we  intend  to  answer  the  question: Is  any  correlation  between  preterm  delivery  and  use  of  fruit  and  vegetable  before  and  during  pregnancy?
Materials  and  Methods:  It  is  a  case  control  study  in  which  43  women  with  preterm  delivery  and  86  women  with  term  delivery  who  delivered  in  Arak  maternity  hospital  were  selected  randomly. (sample  size  was  calculated  with  α=5%, β=20%). The  two  groups  were  matched  for  socioeconomic  status, maternal  age , gravid  and  vitamin  supplement  consumption.  Data  was  collected  with  a  questionnaire  that  includes  demographic information, and  use  of  fruit  and  vegetable (proportion  in  week )  during  the  three  month before  and  second  trimester  in  pregnancy.  SPSS software  and  K-S, t (pooled), Mann-Whitney, Chi  square  and  logistic  regression  were  used  to  analyze  the  data.
Results: This  study  showed  that  the  mean  use  of  fruit  and  vegetable  consumption  calculated  during  the  three  month  time  before  pregnancy  was  20.64±2.48  in control  group  and  32.23±1.52  in  case  group  and  the  relationship  was  significant  (p<0.00001)  and  the mean.
Use  during  the  second  trimester  was  21.84±4.75  and  34.84±5.58  in  case  and  control  groups  respectively  that  was  significant  (p<0.00001). Accuracy, sensitivity  and  specificity  of  regression  model  were  90%, 87% and  91/9%  respectively.
Conclusion: This  study  showed  that  fruit  and  vegetable  consumption  is  related  to  the  decreased  incidence  of  preterm  labor. Based on  our  model, preterm  labor  can  be  prevented  and  predicted  with  enough  consumption  of  fruit  and  vegetables.
 

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Introduction: Nowadays drug abuse is an important problem in the world. Existing data show that using drugs especially pseudo-amphetamine compounds have increased and it seems necessary to determine the knowledge of high risk groups especially youths in this field. The aim of this study is to survey knowledge and attitude of students in Arak University of medical sciences based on Health Belief Model. Materials and Methods: This is a cross-sectional analythical study which was carried out on 100 students of medical, nursing- midway and pre-medical schools in 2006.This survey was done by completing a questionnaire including 53 questions base on health belief model. Data was analyzed using Chi square and Mann-Whitney U tests. Results: The mean age of samples was 22/3(±3/18) years which 67 persons were female. The highest obtained score was related to perceived sensivity and had a meaningful relationship with action (p<0.05). Based on student's opinion of cues to action, TV was the most important resoure in education about Ecstasy. Conclusion:Beased on findings and regarding the meaningful relationship of percieved susceptibility (the danger of using Ecstasy) with action, it is better to provide educational program to prepare youngsters minds about perceived sensivity.

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Background: Postoperative pain brings about undesirable effects such as medical complications, increased healthcare costs, and the need for opioids administration. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of low dose (0.15 mg/kg) ketamine in comparison with the placebo on postoperative pain and analgesics consumption after cesarean section. Materials and Methods: In a randomized clinical trial, 120 women undergoing elective cesarean section were randomly divided into case and control groups. Ketamine (0.15 mgkg-1) or an equal volume of normal saline were administered intravenously immediately after initiating spinal anesthesia to the case and control groups, respectively. The anesthesia and surgery techniques were the same for both groups. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 11. Results: Means of age in the case and control groups were 28.85±4.81 and 28.87 ±5.62 years, respectively. Analgesics consumption, pain scores, homodynamic signs, drowsiness of the mothers, and the neonates’ Apgar scores after cesarean section were similar in both groups and no significant differences were found between them (P>0.05). The mean of postoperative arterial pressure in the early hours in the ketamine group showed a significant decrease compared to the placebo group (P>0.03). The means of the first time of request for analgesics after surgery in the ketamine and placebo groups were 99.75±68.88 and 96.1±52.59 minutes, respectively (P>0.05). Conclusion: It seems that the administration of 0.15 mg/kg dose of ketamine (0.15mg/kg) does not have a significant impact on decreasing the postoperative pain in cesarean section. Therefore, in order to obtain the desirable analgesic effects of this drug, further studies should be conducted with greater doses of this drug and its use in combination with other opioids.

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Background: Infantile colic is a behavioral syndrome characterized by severe crying without a specific cause in healthy under three-month-old infants. The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of infant massage and rocking on the duration and frequency of crying time in colicky infants. Materials and Methods: This randomized clinical trial involved 100 infants 1-2 weeks of age with colic who referred to Amir Kabir Hospital, Arak, Iran, in 2010. The infants were randomly assigned to massage group (n=50) and rocking group (n=50). In the massage group, mothers were recommended to massage their child three times a day for 7 days. In the rocking group, mothers were recommended to rock their child during crying every day for 7 days. In both groups, mothers recorded infant crying durations during one week in a checklist. Data were analyzed by SPSS software. Results: The mean difference of total crying times and durations were 8.34 and 4.12 during the first day and 4.26 time/day and 1.32 hour/day during the last day in the massage group, whereas in the rocking group, these values were 7.50 and 2.42 in the first day and 6.94 and 2.14 hour/day in the last day, respectively. The means of crying times and durations in the massage group were more than those of the rocking group (p<0.001). Conclusion: Infant massage can reduce the duration of crying in colicky infants and it can enhance the relationship between mother and child and their relaxation