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Introduction: Spinal anesthesia is a conventional way of anesthesia for cesarean section (CS), which nausea and vomiting is a common complication of it. Metoclopramide is the standard medication used for preventing intraoperative nausea and vomiting (IONV). Because of extrapyromidal side effects of Metoclopramide and known antiemetic effects of low-dose Propofol and Dexamethasone, this study was performed to compare the effectiveness of these drugs for preventing IONV. Materials and Methods: This study, is a randomized clinical trial which is done on 144 parturients who were admitted for emergency CS. Patients were divided randomly into four groups and received: Metoclopramide 0.1 mg/kg IV, Dexamethasone 150 g/kg IV, Propofol 0.1mg/kg every 5 minutes from clamping umbilical cord till the end of operation and the fourth group received 2 ml distilled water. During the operation parturients were monitored for IONV. Data was analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis and one way ANOVA. Results: The Number of patients having nausea was lowest in Propofol and highest in Dexamethasone group. There was no statistical significant difference between Dexamethasone and placebo groups. The lowest rate of vomiting was in Metoclopramide and Propofol groups and there was no significant difference between them. Also the lowest level of retching was in the Prepofol group. Conclusion: According to results, the antiemetic effects of Propofol and Metoclopramide are similar. Amount of retching in Propofol was slightly lower than Metoclopramide and administration of Propofol was simple, cheap and without serious complications, so we recommend it for emergency CS.

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Background: Chemical weapons are among the most non-humanistic types of man-made weapons. These gases can cause problems like breathing disorders and other serious illnesses, such that nearly 80 percent of wounded people in Iran have signs of coughing, exuding, and asthma. The aim of this study is to use the results of spirometry tests that are cheap in calculating the probability of illnesses in those exposed. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional-analytic study, data related to 1865 individuals wounded by chemical weapons in Sardasht who had been exposed to sulfur mustard were extracted from the existing medical files in Bonyad Janbazan Office. Data analysis was done through the logistic regression method while for evaluating the validity of this model, COX- SNEL was utilized. The spirometry device used in this study was Chest HI801 which was made in Japan. Results: Women formed %23.6 of the population and the rest %76.4 were men. Also, %48.7of the participants were under 40 and %51.3 were 40 and above. Mean age of men was 45.2(11.27) while this was 48.53(14.43) for women. Totally, %48.6 of participants were ill while %51.4 were reported to be healthy. Mean of FEV1 was measured to be 81.78 (21.81) and regression model parameters were as follows: constant =0.465, sex= -0.478, age= 0/29, and FEV1= -0/128. Conclusion: Through the obtained model, the probability of disease incidence in those exposed to sulfur mustard can be computed in a more economic way which can compete with the more expensive, invasive methods.

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Background: Candida albicans is the fourth common cause of chronic fungal infections that cause both mucosal and deep tissue infections. Nowadays, mortality and morbidity due to C .albicans infections via medical devices, such as catheter and implants, are increasing. Therefore, finding new methods of combating such infectious agents seems necessary. In this study antifungal effects of titanium dioxide nanoparticles and photocatalyst TiO2 nanoparticles on C .albicans biofilms were investigated. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, TiO2 nanoparticles were synthesized and exposed to UV ray with 370 nm wavelength. Biofilms of C. albicans were developed on flat-bottomed 96-well microtiter plates, and antifungal effects of TiO2 and photocatalyst TiO2 nanoparticles were evaluated. Data were analyzed by t-test using SPSS software. Results: MIC50 of photocatalyst TiO2 nanoparticles was 1.9 µg/ml and its MIC90 was 2.74 µg/ml while MFC was determined to be 3.37 µg/ml. Biofilms inhibitory concentration of TiO2 nanoparticles, photocatalyst TiO2 nanoparticles, and fluconazole for susceptible strains were 5.14, 4.54, and 4 µg/ml, respectively. These values for the fluconazole resistant strains were 5.35, 4.88, and 8 µg/ml, respectively. Conclusion: Photocatalyst TiO2 nanoparticles showed a suitable antifungal property against C. albicans biofilms compared with fluconazole. Thus it can be a new strategy in prevention of fungal biofilms, especially those formed on the surface of medical devices.

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Background: Brucellosis is a debilitative disease that imposes heavy costs on the economy and society. Therefore, using the most accurate and efficient method to diagnose this disease is essential. In Iran, Brucella melitensis is the common causative agent for brucellosis and BP26 protein of this bacterium has a good level of antigenicity. Thus, the aim of this study is to produce Brucella melitensis recombinant BP26 protein with a PET28a expression vector.

Materials and Methods: In this applied-fundamental study, genomic DNA was isolated from bacterial culture through proteinase K (pK) and phenol/chlorophorm protocol. Then, two pairs of primers were designed based on the known sequence in the gene bank for amplification of Brucella melitensis bp26 gene and PCR reaction was set up and optimized. The PCR product was cloned first into PTZ57R/T vector and accessed on the PET28a vector and sequenced. The recombinant vector was transformed and expressed into E. coli BL21 (DE3). Then, the recombinant protein was purified with Ni-NTA column of chromatography against His tag.

Results: The size of PCR product was in accordance with the part of bp26 gene size in the gene bank. The bp26 gene without adding IPTG had little expression and 3 hours after adding IPTG with a 1 Mm concentration to culture media, extreme expression was observed.

Conclusion: The production of recombinant BP26 protein from isolated Brucella melitensis native to Markazi province was done. Noticing the importance of BP26 protein and its significance for future studies on providing brucellosis diagnosis kits, its production was made possible.

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Background: Arsenic as an environmental contaminant induces male infertility. Curcumin with potent antioxidant property is able to restrict oxidative stress. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of curcumin on testis tissue and sperm count in adult mice treated with sodium arsenite.

Materials and Methods: In an experimental study, animals were divided into four groups: control, sodium arsenite (5 mg/kg), curcumin (100 mg/kg) and curcumin+sodium arsenite. Treatments were performed by intraperitoneal injection for five weeks. After treatment period, body weight was recorded. Left testis was dissected, weighed and used for the histopathological study of seminiferous tubules. Left cauda epididymis was also used to count sperm number.

Results: Mice treated with sodium arsenite showed a significant decrease in the sperm count, the diameter of seminiferous tubules and a significant increase in the lumen diameter of tubules compared to control group. In curcumin+sodium arsenite group, curcumin significantly reversed the adverse effects of sodium arsenite on testis and sperm count. Whereas, the treated mice showed no significant difference in body and testis weight as well as morphology and nuclear diameter of spermatogonia between four groups.

Conclusion: Curcumin is able to compensate the toxic effect of sodium arsenite on sperm count and testis in adult mouse.

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Background: The pathogenesis of recurrent pregnancy loss includes complex interaction of several genetic and environmental factors. Changes in blood coagulation factors during pregnancy may play an important role in the occurrence of recurrent abortions (RA). Recently, inherited thrombophilia has been considered as a possible cause. Therefore, in this study we have investigated association of factor V (G1691A) and factor II (G20210A) polymorphisms in Iranian patients with recurrent abortions.

Materials and Methods: A total of 203 women participated in this study: 105 women with two or more consecutive unexplained miscarriage as cases and 98 women with at least two healthy children as control group. Total genomic DNA was isolated from Peripheral blood leukocytes. The presence or absence of mutation in the FV (G1691A) and FII (G20210A) polymorphisms were assessed by PCR-RFLP, using Mnl1 and HindIII digestion enzymes, respectively. Finally, the data were  analyzed using Chi-Square test.

Results: The results showed no statistical significant differences in the prevalence of FV (G1691A) and FII (G20210A) polymorphisms between patients and control group.

Conclusion: considering the results of this study, these polymorphisms Seem to have no role in etiology of recurrent pregnancy loss in the studied population.

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Abstract

Background: Diabetes mellitus was induced, when the body doesn’t produce enough insulin (diabetes type 1) or is unable to use insulin properly (diabetes type 2). In this study, we compare serum nesfatin-1 level in type 1 and 2 diabetic male rats.

Materials and Methods: 18 male Wistar rats were divided randomly into 3 groups: control, diabetes type 1, and diabetes type2. Diabetes type 1 was induced by a single injection of STZ (55 mg/kg) and diabetes type 2 was induced by STZ (60 mg/kg) and NA (110 mg/kg). Weight, FBG (fasting blood glucose), insulin, nesfatin-1were measured in all groups after 6 weeks.

Results: Nesfatin-1 levels were increased in diabetic rats compared to the control. Its level in serum was significantly higher in type 2 compared to type 1 diabetic rats. Serum insulin and body weight were reduced significantly in diabetic rats compared to control. Body weight was lower significantly in type 1 than type 2 diabetic rats. FBG was increased significantly in diabetic rats compared to control and it was higher in type 2 compered to type 1 diabetic rats significantly.

Conclusion: The results indicated that nesfatin-1 level in serum of type 2 diabetic rats was higher than type 1, probably because of higher weight and less destruction of beta cells in type 2 diabetic rats.

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