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Introduction: About 21 millions low birth weight infants are born throughout the world and have less surviving chance compared to death rate of infants due to other causes. The aim of this study is to determine the relation of mothers' nutrient intake in the last trimester with the delivery of low birth weight infants. Materials and Methods: This Cohort study with a 3-months follow up was carried out on all the pregnant mothers visiting health care centers in Shahrood during their third trimester. Simple sampling was done and samples included 424 subjects. One-week food record of subjects was documented biochemical and hematological tests and also anthropometric examinations were done, and demographic data were gathered. The infants’ birth weight was measured after delivery. Data was gathered by a questionnaire and analyzed using Chi square, Mann-Whitney and Leven tests and logistic regression. Results: Total number of 424 pregnant mothers was studied in accordance with their amount of energy and protein intakes, and was classified in two groups of adequate and inadequate status. It was disclosed that 75% of mothers received low energy (less than 2500 k cal) and 20% were low in protein intake (less than 60gr). Low birth weight prevalence was detected to be 13%. Among low birth weight infants 14%, 25% and 43% were attributed to mothers with low energy, low protein, and non-iron tablets intake respectively. There was a significant relationship between birth weight and iron supplementation (P=0.015), as well as multi-vitamins (P=0.048) during the last trimester of pregnancy. It was also disclosed that the probability of low birth weight infants among low weight mothers was 86%. Conclusion: According to the results there is a significant relationship between mother's nutritional status in the last trimester of pregnancy and infant's birth weight, so it is recommended that mother's weight gain especially in the third trimester and using adequate supplementations be considered.

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Background: In order to selected indigenous potential probiotic bacteria, we surveyed antagonistic activities of 22 strains of acid and bile tolerant Lactobacillus, isolated from traditional dairy products by biochemical and molecular methods. Methods and Materials: In a fundamental practical study assessment of antimicrobial activity of this strain with neutrallized and Dual layer two methods against bacterial pathogene such as E-coli, L.monocytogenes, S.auteus and Y.entercolitica was done. These strain were identified with two methods for determining of biochemical and sequence of 16Sr DNA. Results: Dual layer method based on the growth of zone diameter were estabilished in three groups of strains inhibitors, semi inhibitors and non inhibitors. Neutralize method around well acidic extract containing strains C5i4, Y144, K213, C4i2, C612 and neutral extract C5i4 zone blight strains was observed. Based on the results, sequence area 16Sr DNA of four strains inclulde C4i2, C1d2, Y2c4, D3b1 indicator bacteria that revealed the highest percentage of inhibitor effect of bacterial indicators, were duplicate and sequency. So four strains L.Bacilus Pentosus, L.Bacillus Bervis and L. Bacillus Paraplantarum, were indentifed respectivey. Conclusion: It seems that indigenous lactobacillus from Iranian dairy products have potential as probiotics. So use of them as bio preservative prevent food bacterial contamination.

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Abstract Background: Information on patients' physical and mental disabilities, their lifestyle during rehabilitation period and probably their death due to severe head injury in acute phases is too insufficient and in some cases, it does not exist at all. The aim of this study is to determine the outcome of patients who were hospitalized in Vali-asr Hospital of Arak according to Glascow Coma Scale (GOS). Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional retrospective study, using the patients' files in Vali-asr Hospital which is situated in Arak, the patients, who had been hospitalized with severe head injury during 2005-06, were identified. Based on the information existing in their files or visiting them individually in their place of living, 24 months after their release from hospital, their physical and mental performances were examined according to Glascow Outcome Scale (GOS) and were compared to the time of their release from the hospital. Results: Out of 130 patients, 55.4% died within 2 years after the hospitalization period. Among those dead, 32% died in the first 24 hours of hospitalization, 44.4% after the first 24 hours and before release from the hospital and 23.6% after being released from the hospital. The mean of GOS score, from the time of release until 2 years after that, improved from 2.7 to 3.3. Conclusion: Noticing the fact that more than half of the patients died after getting to hospital either in acute level or during rehabilitation, the need is felt for making revisions in the programs for taking care of these patients in different phases of treatment

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Background: The existence of estrogen and progesterone receptors, p53, human epidermal receptor-2(HER-2) and cathepsin-D are among the prognostic markers for breast cancer. In this study, we investigated the relationship between these factors and lymph-node involvement. Materials and Methods: In this case-control analytic study, 105 patients with breast cancer were investigated. After detecting breast mass, surgical biopsy was done and the status of the estrogen and progesterone receptors, p53, HER-2, and cathepsin-D were studied. Collected data were registered in a checklist and were subjected to analysis. Results: There was no relationship between lymph-node involvement and estrogen and progesterone receptors, p53, cathepsin-D and HER-2. Conclusion: In order to get more precise results about hormonal receptors, p53, HER-2 and cathespin-D, a similar research with a larger sample size over a longer period of time is needed.

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This study considers the art of Quran in healing human psychological and spiritual disorders. Since the subject matter of Quran and medicine is human and the objective of both is health and welfare of human body and soul, it is suggested that man can learn how to remedy his psychological pains through Quran. Accordingly, after providing definitions for sick and healthy heart and soul, we will look at some instances of psychiatric disorders and investigate them closely through ideas put forward by scientists. Also, we argue that the origin of these diseases goes back to human motivations, belief system, and social and political matters, while some are related to ethical principles. Then we will focus on the qualities and effects of healthy soul in the view of Quranic verses. Eventually, it will be stated that since human behavioral reactions are the signs of a healthy soul or a psychotic one, those who seek peace in this world and salvation in the afterworld are suggested to prevent and cure psychological problems and create balance in their personality by using commandments given by Quran since the aim of Quran is maintaining balance between different instincts.

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Background: Today, there is growing interest in using traditional medicine for healing cutaneous wounds. Probiotics are defined as different microorganisms that may have positive effects on prevention or treatment of special pathologic conditions. The present study was designed to investigate the effect of Lactobacillus brevis on cutaneous wound healing. Material and Methods: In this experimental study, through phenol-sulfuric acid method, 22 strains of lactobacillus isolated from dairy-traditional products were investigated in terms of exopolysaccharide production. Lactobacillus brevis, which had high exopolysaccharide (EPS) production, was selected. A wound was created on the back of male Wistar rats in control, negative control, and experimental groups. Control and experimental groups underwent regional treatment by eucerin and eucerin contained Lactobacillus brevis, respectively, but the negative-control group did not receive any treatment. On days 1, 7 and 21, the rats were killed and their cutaneous wound samples were studied. Data analysis was done through SPSS version 11.5. Results: The percentage of wound healing (99.53%) and inflammation in the experimental group on day 21 compared to control (90.55%) and negative groups (91.14%) was significantly higher (P<0.001). The number of neutrophils in the experimental group decreased in later phases of wound healing compared to the control and negative control groups. Conclusion: The present study showed that Lactobacillus brevis significantly decreases inflammation and accelerates wound healing in treated rats. The findings of this study can be applied clinically in near future

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Background: Addiction is undoubtedly one of the biggest problems of human societies that every year governments spend enormous amounts of money on fighting it. Most addicts, besides their addiction, cause many psychological problems in their families therefore, the aim of this study was to compare the presence of these disorders between the families of addicts and non-addicts. Materials and Methods: This case-control study was done on a sample of 650 persons of opium addicts' and non-addicts' families using random sampling method. Data were collected through SCL-90-R questionnaire and were analyzed by Chi-square and t-test using SPSS software version 18. Results: There was a significant difference in psychiatric disorders in addicts' and non-addicts' families (p=0.005). Among the 9 psychiatric disorders under assessment, only anxiety, aggression, paranoia, and depression disorders in three types, including pathologic, borderline, and combined (pathologic-borderline), were significantly higher in addicts' families compared with non-addicts' families (p=0.005). Conclusion: Drug dependence disorder in one member of a family has a very important effect on the mental hygiene of the other family members and requires prevention and treatment in both.

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Background: Deaths due to cancer have been increasing in many countries in recent years. Probiotics are live microorganisms that have beneficial effects on consumer’s health. The aim of this study was to investigate antimutagenic and anticancer effects of Lactobacilli strains isolated from Tarkhineh in order to select potential probiotic strains. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, 25 strains of Lactobacillus that had previously been isolated from Tarkhineh were used. Antimutagenicity test was performed based on proposed method of Ames. The results of the test were individuated after comparison between samples (suspensions of Lactobacilli) and positive (sodium azide) and negative (distilled water) controls. SPSS version 16 was used for statistical analysis. Results: Antimutagenic activity was observed only in four strains of Lactobacilli. The inhibitory percentage in the four strains of Lactobacilli, in its highest level was equal to 60.38 and in its lowest percentage equal to 39.37%. Also, the inhibitory percentage of mutation among the four strains in the presence of microsome were significantly different (P<0.05) than the absence of microsome. Adding the microsome of rat liver (S9) proved the anticancer effects of four Lactobacilli strains. Conclusion: Of the 25 strains of Lactobacilli, 4 strains which had the highest antimutagenicity effects were chosen as the potential probiotic strains.

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Background: Gastric ulcer treatment with chemical drugs is associated with a multitude of side effect. One of the most important groups of probiotics is lactic acid bacteria. The aim of this study was to investigate the healing effects of Lactobacillus pentosus on gastric ulcer induced by acetic acid.

Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, 45 male Wistar rats were divided into experimental, control 1, and control 2 groups. After one day of fasting, the rats were operated and gastric ulcer was induced by acetic acid. One day after surgery, the groups were treated with the 1010 cfu/day bacteria, dissolved in one ml of milk sterilizer, 1 ml of milk sterilizer, and 1 ml of normal saline, respectively, via gavage. On days 1, 4, 7, 10, and 14 after the induction of gastric ulcer, the animals were killed and the wound size (mm2) and the effect of the bacteria on the healing of wounds were measured for each rat.

Results: The treatment with Lactobacillus pentosus strains significantly decreased wound size in the experimental group compared with control groups. Significant increases in the number of neutrophils, macrophages, fibroblasts, significant decreases in the number of neutrophils, macrophages, and increased numbers of fibroblasts were observed in the experimental group compared to the control groups. Also, significant reductions in the number of neutrophils, macrophages, and fibroblasts were seen in the experimental group compared with the other two groups.

Conclusion: Lactobacillus pentosus has healing effects on gastric ulcer induced by acetic acid.

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Background: Subclinical hypothyroidism is the compensatory stage before overt hypothyroidism. In overt hypothyroidism, risk of ischemic heart disease increases due to elevation of lipoprotein (a) as atherogenic agent, but evidence for subclinical hypothyroidism is one of the controversial issues in researches. According to the atherogenic lipoprotein (a) and other serum lipids, this study is conducted to compare the serum lipoprotein (a) and other serum lipids in patients with subclinical hypothyroidism and euthyroidism.

Materials and Methods: In this descriptive - analytic study, 90 persons (60 with subclinical hypothyroidism and 30 euthyroid state) are participated and these referred to Imam Reza and Taleghani Hospitals which are located in Kermanshah. The sampling method is selected with available sampling methods. After differentiating data by age, sex and underlying disease (liver, kidney, drugs), then they were subjected to determination lipoprotein (a) and other serum lipids profile tests.

Results: In both cases and controls, 16/7% were men and 83/3% were women. Based on results, there is no significant difference between serum lipoprotein (a), triglycerides, cholesterol, HDL and LDL in both statistical groups (p>0.05). Also there is no association between lipoprotein (a) and other serum lipids (p>0.05).

Conclusion: Serum levels of lipoprotein (a) and other serum lipids in young patients with normal weight with subclinical hypothyroidism is not increase, thus it can be concluded early treatment is not necessary for them.

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Background: Patients with myocardial infarction are faced to multi stressors in which cause to increase their anxiety. This study with the goal of determination of the effect of Durosia Anethifolia (Barilax) on anxiety after myocardial infarction was accomplished.

Materials and Methods:This is a clinical trial which was done on 90 patients with MI. All people were selected by simple method at first and then they randomly allocated into two intervention and control groups. After 24 hours, perl of Barilax 1oo mg twice per day were prescribed for intervention group, and the same dosage of placebo were given to control group. Anxity rate 24 and 96 hours after MI by state Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) were measured. All data with X2 and paired T test were analysed.

Results: The mean age of patients in intervention group was 60.68 and 61.46 in control group. In intervention group 51% male and 49% were female and in control group 71% were male and 29% were female. Before intervention, the mean of anxiety rate in intervention group was 46.91 and in control group was 42.24 with no significant difference. After intervention, the mean of anxiety rate in intervention group was 33.35 and in control group was 36.48 with significant difference (p=0.012).

Conclusion: Oral consumption of Durosia Anethifolia (Barilax) on anxiety rate after myocardial infarction was effective. So description of this drug as an effective drug on controling of anxiety after myocardial infarction is recommended.

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Background: Sudden visual loss is one of the emergent problems that it may be a sign of a life-threatening disease. It should be quickly evaluated and identified the treatable causes.

Case report: A young man without any history of certain disease was referred to the emergency department with complaints of sudden blindness. He was presented with fever, coriza symptoms and progressive blurring of vision that ultimately led to his visual loss. After carefully evaluation, finally suspected diagnosis of acute fulminant multiple sclerosis was made.

Discussion: Multiple sclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease that is associated with acute attacks of neurological dysfunction. Some of these attacks are an emergent situation and need to early detection and treatment. There is a variant of Multiple sclerosis that called Acute Fulminant Multiple sclerosis which can cause sudden visual loss.

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Background: Schizophrenia is a widespread neurodegenerative disorder, which affects approximately 1% of the world population. It is a multifactorial and a highly heritable disease to which genetic factors contribute up to approximately 80%. Nowadays, multitude of genes have been discovered that relate to this disorder mostly by affecting the performance and levels of neurotransmitters in neural systems. Since PAI-1 is a considerable gene in the performance of neural systems, the present study dealt with the relationship between -675 4G/5G polymorphism in PAI-1 gene and schizophrenia among Iranian patients.

Materials and  Methods: This case-control study was carried out on 106 blood samples collected from individuals suffering from schizophrenia and 122 healthy controls. DNA was extracted from the samples and the frequency of the polymorphisms was analyzed using ARMS-PCR method. Finally, the products were detected on 2% agarose gel electrophoresis.

Results: The analysis of the data for -675 4G/5G polymorphism showed that 17.9% of the patients and 1.6% of the controls were mutant homozygous and 65.1% of the patients and 45.9% of controls were heterozygous. Also, 17% of the patients and 52.5% of the controls were normal homozygous.

Conclusion: There was a significant relationship between PAI-1 4G/5G polymorphism and the incidence of schizophrenia. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study in Iran that assesses the frequency of the polymorphism among Iranian patients. However, further studies with more samples are necessary.

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Background: Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common type of cancer in children. Currently, chemotherapy is the most effective method of leukemia cancer treatmentwhich has many side effects. New strategies in cancer therapy utilizecompounds that specifically target aberrant signaling pathways in order to reduce toxic sideeffects Indole-3-carbinl (I3C) found in vegetables has multiple anti-cancer properties because of its ability to modulate multiple cellular signaling pathways. In this study the molecular mechanism of the action of indole-3-carbinol on pre- B ALL cells was investigated.

Materials and Methods: In current study, NALM-6 cells were treated with different concentrations of I3C at specific times. Analysis of cellular DNA content was performed by flow cytometry for evaluation of cell cycle status. The protein expression of p21, p53 as well as c-Myc proteins was determined by Western blot in I3C-treated cells.

Results: Cell cycle histogram analysis showed that I3C significantly increased the percentage of G1 cells compared with non-treated cells (control)(p<0.05). The western blot analysis also indicated I3C significantly up regulated p21, p53 expression and down regulated c-Myc expression (p<0.05).

Conclusion: The G1 arrest induced by I3C is associated with down-regulation of c-Myc and up-regulation of p53 and its downstream target p21.

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Background: The aim of this research was to determine the relationship between inflammatory markers (Fibrinogen, C-reactive protein (CRP) and Creatine kinase (CK)) and respiratory responses FEF25-75% (Forced expiratory flow in 25-75 percent) and FEV1 (Forced expiratory volume in one second) in 14-16 year’s Urmia city boys in response to an incremental physical activity.

Materials and Methods: The subjects were boys of 14-16 years among 24 healthy participants. These groups divided into two groups randomly, one group as trained one (n=12) and the othes as control group. Blood sample was taken in baseline and after Modified Balke Protocol in trained group, And the blood sampling was taken in baseline and 48 hours later in control group. respiratory responses were measured immediately after Modified Balke Protocol.

Results: CRP and Fibrinogen significantly increased in trained group (p<0.001) and this group had high level of these markers compared with control group (p<0.001). The association between CRP with FEF25-75% and fibrinogen with FEF %25-75 and CK with FEF 25-75% in trained group was significant (p&le0.05).

Conclusion: The results of this study show that incremental physical activity increased inflammatory factors in active children. Incremental exercise shows a strong relationship between some inflammatory markers and respiratory parameters in adolescents 14-16 years old.

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Background: The outbreaks of new antigenic variants of influenza viruses in human populations have increased necessity the improvement of controlling programs. Influenza vaccines are formulated with adjuvant to enhance and direct the host immune responses. Currently, much effort is devoted to designing molecular adjutants. Hemokinin-1 (HK-1) activates T and B cells for proliferation, survival, differentiation into plasma cells, and antibody production. In this study, the effect of HK-1 as a molecular adjuvant for inducing humoral immune response against influenza virus was investigated.

Materials and Methods: The HK-1 coding sequence was cloned into pcDNA3.1 vector and used as adjuvant. Groups of mice were immunized with an inactivated influenza vaccine formulated with HK-1. The sera of vaccinated mice were collected prior to priming and boosting injections and at defined weeks, and analyzed with serological assays.

Results: The results showed that HK-1 was able to increase antibody titer against virus vaccine. The mice immunized with the adjuvanted vaccine produced higher antibody titers against influenza comparing to vaccine alone immunized group. Number of boosting had no effect on the enhancing of antibody titer.

Conclusion: These data revealed that HK-1 as a molecular adjuvant induces stronger humoral and memory responses against influenza immunization.

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Background: Aflatoxins are known as the most important toxins which their consumption could cause acute poisoning and create carcinogenic effects. Moreover, previous studies demonstrated the ability of lactic acid bacteria to connect to aflatoxin in food material. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of the native probiotic Lactobacillus para casei strains TD3 against toxicity induced by aflatoxin B1 in vivo.

Materials and Methods: 24 wistar male rats (250±10 g) were divided into 3 groups including: one negative control group and two groups treated with aflatoxin (170 µg/kg) and Lactobacillus para casei strain TD3 isolated from Tarkhine with aflatoxin (10⁹ cfu/day) for 4 weeks. At the end of the experiment, the blood and tissue samples were collected for histopathological and biochemical studies.

Results: The results indicated that treatment with Aflatoxin leads to a significant increase in the amount of liver enzymes such as AST, ALP and also liver damages.  Furthermore, the group that received Lactobacillus para casei strain TD3, the level of these enzymes was reduced and liver damages due to aflatoxin were improved.

Conclusion: The present study showed that aflatoxin can lead to liver damages and native Lactobacillus para casei strain TD3 which isolated from Tarkhine, probably leads to protective effects by binding to aflatoxin. Thus, it is considered as a biologic agent to remove aflatoxin in vivo.