Showing 12 results for Dalvand
Alireza Mohammadi, Mohsen Dalvandi, Hossein Sarmadian, Mohammad Khalili,
Volume 16, Issue 5 (8-2013)
Abstract
Background: Hydatid disease is a common infection caused by Echinococcus granulosus. Cerebral involvement is very rare and only occurs in 2% of all hydatidosis in endemic areas. We report a case of primary multiple cerebral hydatid cysts in a 23 years old patient. Case: A 23 years old female was admitted in our emergency ward with primary generalized tonic colonic seizure, left body and face hemiparesis and history of headache in last two months. Contrast enhanced CT and MRI showed a big well-defined, rounded, cystic lesion in the motor strip of right temporo-parietal region with mass effect causing midline shift which was diagnostic for brain hydatid cyst and several smaller cysts. There was no evidence of other organs involvement. The patient underwent the brain surgery. A big hydatid cyst (10cm in diameter) and some others adhering to brain parenchyma in different sizes were evacuated completely and without rupture using Dowling method. Patient received albendazole 400mg/two times a day for 2 months too. There was no cyst in patient’s MRI study in two years follow up.
Conclusion: Though low incidence, primary multiple cerebral hydatid cysts should be considered in endemic area using brain CT and MRI. Surgery is standard treatment of the disease.
Hamid Dalvand, Mehdi Rassafiani, Seyed Ali Hosseini, Seyyed Ali Samadi, Hamid Reza Khankeh,
Volume 18, Issue 12 (3-2016)
Abstract
Background: Mothering handling plays an important role in the daily life of children with cerebral palsy (CP) and their mothers, so that the greatest amount of handling of children with CP is done by the mothers at home. The study aimed to explore the process of mothering handling in the children with CP at home.
Materials and Methods: This qualitative study was conducted using grounded theory methodology in Tehran. The purposeful sampling followed by theoretical sampling. Selecting participants continued to achieve theoretical saturation. The number of participants was 26 including 15 caregivers, 3 children with cerebral palsy, 5 occupational therapists, 1 physiotherapist, and 3 rehabilitation manegers. The main source for gathering data was in-depth, semi-structured interviews. Data were analyzed by Corbin & Straus method (2008).
Results: Six categories/themes emerged from the data, including: motherly care, confronting with unusual co-occupation, confusion in roles, effort to special care, dynamic management of handling, and continuing care. The central category, confrontation with unusual co-occupation, represented the main theme of the research, and all major categories had been related to it.
Conclusion: The results of this research could provide broad perspective to rehabilitation therapists, managers and policy makers for understanding the needs, meeting challenges and concerns of caregivers and children with CP and designing a comprehensive plan for handling process of children with CP and helping them to be empowered for achieving the proper management and effective handling.
Ali Nazemi, Mahdieh Sadat Ghafari, Mohsen Dalvandi,
Volume 19, Issue 1 (4-2016)
Abstract
Background: Myelomeningocele is one of the common congenital malformation in childhood that has association with many disorders. in addition to routine management of associated disorders surgical repair of myelomeningocele has been considered in many cases . The aim of this study is to evaluate the role of myelomeningocele surgical repair in prognosis of children with myelomeningocele
Materials and Methods: This is a case-control study from 2001 to 2013 in 60 infants with myelomeningocele in two department of neurosurgery in Arak and Ilam cities (Vali Asr and Imam Khomeni hospitals, respectively). Infants were divided into two groups according to operable and inoperable cases (each group includes 30 cases). The prognosis of two groups was investigated with respect to mortality, and Stark and Drummond disability rating scale. Data were analyzed with SPSS 18 software.
Results: Case group had better prognoses compared to control with respect to handicap (p=0.003), urinary tract disorders (p=0.006), IQ (p=0.001), global disability(p=0.006) and mortality rate, but there was no difference between two groups with respect to hydrocephalus(p=0.3).
Conclusion: According to the results, mortality, disability and prognosis of infants with myelomeningocele that underwent operation were better. In conclusion, early myelomeningocele repair is advised for infants, because it affects the improvement of prognosis and the quality of patients' life.
Azade Riyahi, Samira Yazdani Ghadikolaii, Minoo Kalantari, Nasrin Jalili, Hamid Dalvand,
Volume 19, Issue 5 (8-2016)
Abstract
Background: Determining the level of manual ability of children with cerebral palsy has significant role in scheduling care and providing supportive services by organizations such as the a social welfare office. Manual Ability Classification System (MACS) is responsible for this critical matter. In Mazandaran Province, the prediction of manual ability is intuitive and is done without tools. This study aimed to investigate the consistency between operational therapists prediction of future manual function of children with cerebral palsy and MACS scale.
Materials and Methods: This study was designed as a cross sectional trial. The study population consisted of 12 occupational therapists working in Mazandaran’s rehabilitation center under the social welfare office. Firstly, occupational therapists chose 100 children with cerebral palsy and classified their future manual ability into five levels according to their prediction. Then the researcher classified the children based on MACS scale. Finally, the amount of prediction consistency between therapists and researcher was statisticaly analyzed.
Results: The weighted kappa coefficients of MACS scale were 0.671 in first level and 0.747 in fifth level that show good agreement in these two levels. This coefficient was 0.417 in third level and 0.444 in forth level that shows fair agreement. The weighted kappa coefficient was 0.358 in second level that indicates slight agreement.
Conclusion: With prediction consistency between operational therapists and researcher, MACS is used as a suitable means for classifying the level of manual ability in children with cerebral palsy and predicting their needs to adaptive and auxiliary devices by occupational therapists in rehabilitation centers and social welfare offices.
Abdoreza Yavari, Farhad Fatehi, Hamid Dalvand, Akram Valizadeh, Rahmatollah Moradzadeh, Farideh Sadat Mirhoseini,
Volume 19, Issue 6 (9-2016)
Abstract
Background: The speech disorders may produce irreparable damage to childs speech and language development in the psychosocial view. The voice, speech sound production and fluency disorders are speech disorders, that may result from delay or impairment in speech motor control mechanism, central neuron system disorders, improper language stimulation or voice abuse.
Materials and Methods: This study examined the prevalence of speech disorders in 1393 Arakian students at 1 to 6th grades of primary school. After collecting continuous speech samples, picture description, passage reading and phonetic test, we recorded the pathological signs of stuttering, articulation disorder and voice disorders in a special sheet.
Results: The prevalence of articulation, voice and stuttering disorders was 8%, 3.5% and%1 and the prevalence of speech disorders was 11.9%. The prevalence of speech disorders was decreasing with increasing of student’s grade. 12.2% of boy students and 11.7% of girl students of primary school in Arak had speech disorders.
Conclusion: The prevalence of speech disorders of primary school students in Arak is similar to the prevalence of speech disorders in Kermanshah, but the prevalence of speech disorders in this research is smaller than many similar researches in Iran. It seems that racial and cultural diversity has some effect on increasing the prevalence of speech disorders in Arak city.
Leila Dehghan, Hamid Dalvand, Abdolreza Yavari, Fakhreddin Shariatmadari, Akram Valizadeh,
Volume 19, Issue 8 (11-2016)
Abstract
Background: Understanding the real needs of children with cerebral palsy and their families helps the therapists to provide adequate health care service for them. This study aimed to determine the needs of mothering handling training for family caregiving of children and youth with CP at home based on the level of gross motor function.
Materials and Methods: This research was a descriptive, analytical and cross sectional study that was performed on 186 children 4-12 year olds with CP from the rehabilitation clinics in the city of Arak. They were selected by simple and purposeful sampling. Clinical tests were Gross Motor Measure Function Classification System Expanded & Revised (GMFCS E&R) to assess the severity of gross motor function lesions and canadian Occupational performance measure (COPM) to determine the needs. Data were analyzed by descriptive tests such as: statistical test and two-way ANOVA.
Results: The most important need of mothering handling training was self care training specially toileting, feeding, eating and functional mobility related to children with CP in the level of V of GMFCS E&R (transported in a manual wheelchair). There were no significant differences in needs of mothering handling training in areas of sex and severity of gross motor function lesions (p>0.05).
Conclusion: It seems that therapists should combine maternal handling trainings with other interventions in therapy programs, especially in the area of self- care.
Farhad Fatehi, Azadeh Riyahi, Rahmatolah Moradzadeh, Hamid Dalvand, Leila Dehghan,
Volume 19, Issue 10 (1-2017)
Abstract
Abstract
Background: With regards to importance of the role of parents in children's life, imbalance in the roles of parents can lead to serious mental, emotional and physical damages of the child. The purpose of this study was to determine how to do parenting role's tasks in parents of children with disability (physical- mental) younger than 7 years in the city of Arak in 2016.
Materials and Methods: In this study, the parenting role's tasks questionnaire for 120 parents of children with disability was completed. The effect of demographic characteristics on how to perform the role of parents was studied.
Results: Based on data collected and analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient for the relationship between the parents and other factors, we have found no significant relationship between role of parents with the child's age. In disabled children, between parent's role and maternal age was significant difference which its correlation coefficient was -0.18, represented the inverse association between maternal age and the parent's role with disabled children. In comparison of parent's role based on child's gender, significant difference was not seen in any of cases. The impact of the seizure on performance of parenting role's tasks implied no relationship between history of seizure and performance of parenting role's tasks. Economic situation as well as on how to do tasks was ineffective.
Conclusion: Imbalance in performance of parenting role's tasks in primary care, education, leisure and cognition promotion showed that existence of a disabled child in the family had negative impact on the parenting role's tasks in different aspects, for example further focus on one of the domains lead to ignorance of other domains. Total score confirmed the negative impact of disabled children on efficient implementation of parenting role's tasks.
Abdoreza Yavari, Rahmatollah Moradzadeh, Hamid Dalvand, Akram Valizadeh, Farhad Fatehi, Mahmudreza Nakhaei,
Volume 19, Issue 10 (1-2017)
Abstract
Abstract
Background: One of the problems in children with cerebral palsy is impaired eating and drinking liquids. The purpose of this study is to compare the effect of oral motor stimulations on feeding function in the children with spastic cerebral palsy by two medical and family centered approaches.
Materials and Methods: This research was a descriptive-analytical cross sectional study that performed on 40 children 2-8 year olds with spastic Cerebral Palsy from the rehabilitation clinics in the city of Arak. They were selected by simple and purposeful sampling. Applied instruments were Gross Motor Measure Function Classification System Expanded & Revised (GMFCS E&R) and oral motor assessment scale(OMAS). Data were analyzed by statistical tests such as: Kolmogorov-Smirnov, reporting mean, standard deviation, data analysis frequncy distribution table, independent t-test, dependent t-test, chi-square and MANOVA.
Results: The difference of swallowing function assessed by OMAS in both groups managed by family centered and clinician centered approach prior and post management statistialy was meaningful (p=0.001(. The difference between swallowing function of both groups post intervention was not meaningful in view of first and second assessor, also it had no statistical significance(p=0.89 , p=0.07)
Conclusion: In general, we can conclude that oral motor stimulation is effective on swallowing function of cerebral palsy children in both treated groups. The effect of these stimulations on swallowing function in children with cerebral palsy between clinician centered and family centered approaches was equal.
Mohsen Dalvandi, Hyder Farahani, Ramin Safari Rad,
Volume 21, Issue 5 (10-2018)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Low Back Pain is one of the most common complains of Human societies. LDH (Lumber Disk Herniation) is one of the relatively common causes of Low Back Pain. This study aimed to assay serum zinc cofactor in patients compared to healthy group.
Materials and Methods: Sixty patients which were diagnosed as a "known case of LDH" by the specialist and based on tests were chosen by simple selection method (30 men and 30 women). Also, 57 people were chosen as a control group (29 men and 28 women). measurement was done based on single reagent direct calorimetric method using the kit made by "Ziestchem diagnostics company, Iran".
Findings: Total, 117 objects were observed in case and control groups. Serum zinc level was measured in all of them. Obtained results were analyzed by Student t-test, and ꭕ2, by using SPSS software with the confidence interval of 95 percent. Results showed that 21.7% of patients with LDH were having high physical activity and 36.7% having low physical activity.
Conclusion: There was a significant difference between the mean serum zinc levels in patients with LDH compared to control group. Decrement in serum zinc may be considered as an distruption factor in the activity of enzymes involved in proteins biosynthesis.
Somaye Delavar, Niloofar Shadmehri, Hamid Dalvand,
Volume 22, Issue 1 (4-2019)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Children with cerebral palsy (CP) may have musculoskeletal disorder due to inappropriate position during sleep. The aim of this study was to design the equipment for sleep positioning of children with CP.
Materials and Methods: This research was a designing device study for sleep positioning of children with CP. The design was carried out in three stages: needs assessment, develop an idea and final design. Seventeen children with CP aged 2-12 year olds at the levels of III to V Gross Motor Function Classification System Expanded and Revised (GMFCSE&R) were recruited from Tehran and Karaj rehabilitation clinics by a convenience sampling strategy. For data collection, some demographic questionnaire and GMFCS E&R were used.
Ethical Considerations: This study was approved in Research Ethics Committee of Faculty of Applied Arts at Tehran University of Art with the code IR. ART U.REC.1394.118.
Findings: In the process of needs assessment, a researcher made questionnaire and pictures of sleep positioning children with CP when they were sleeping were used. In developing an idea stage, the free and creative ideas under the name of black box, as well as, Etudes at the transparency stage were presented as the combination of creative ideas. In the final design stage, by using superior materials, positioning and packaging, we achieved a superior design.
Conclusion: The proposed plan is designed as an interventional tool based on the need of Iranian children with CP and there is no similar national or international device available. The final design of the sleeping equipment includes a set of mattresses and a variety of modular styling devices based on a family centered approach, so that, allow parents to active engagement during sleep and rest of their children and can help the children to assume the proper positions.
Leila Dehghan, Hamid Dalvand, Mojtaba Bayani, Alireza Shamsoddini,
Volume 22, Issue 2 (6-2019)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Feeding problems can limit the participation of children with cerebral palsy (CP) in the daily activities of life, especially feeding and eating. The aim of this study was to determine frequency of primary oral reflexes and oral motor dysfunction in children with CP.
Materials and Methods: This study was a descriptive-analytic and cross-sectional study that has been done on children with CP aged 2-15 years old. The participants were chosen by a convenience sampling from the rehabilitation clinics in the city of Arak in 2017. The presence of primary abnormal oral reflexes including Bite, Rooting, and Tongue Thrust was evaluated; and Oral motor assessment scale was used to evaluate oral motor function.Data were analyzed using statistical tests including chi-squared test.
Ethical Considerations: This study with research ethics code IR.ARAKMU.REC.1395.82 has been approved by research ethics committee at Arak university of medical sciences, Iran.
Findings: Based on the present results, the most subjects with primitive oral reflexes (bite, rooting, tongue thrust) were found at levels of IV and V Gross Motor Function Classification System Expanded &Revised(GMFCS E&R) and at level of III Manual Abilities Classification System and type of quadriplegia spastic. The highest frequency of passive in oral motor was observed in level of V and functional in oral motor in levels of I and II GMFCS E&R. Furthermore, there was significant difference between gross motor function and oral motor function.
Conclusion: The study results demonstrated a significant difference between GMFCS E&R levels and oral motor function. Therefore, it was suggested that particular attention should be paid to oral motor function in terms of evaluations of gross motor function.
Leila Dehghan, Hamid Dalvand, Sadegh Samadi, Mohsen Ebrahimi Monfared, Fatemeh Rafiei,
Volume 23, Issue 4 (October & November 2020)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Musculoskeletal disorders are mainly prevalent among college students who experience direct contact with patients. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of musculoskeletal pains among Rehabilitation, Dentistry, and Nursing students at Arak University of Medical Sciences in 2017-2018.
Methods & Materials: In this cross-sectional descriptive study, 538 students of Arak University of Medical Sciences were recruited using the convenience sampling approach. Variables included age, sex, body mass index, study field, hours of using smartphone per day, and nine symptom sites being neck, shoulders, upper back, elbows, low back, wrist/hands, hips/thighs, knees, and ankles/feet. The researchers assessed the musculoskeletal pain by using the Nordic questionnaire and demographic questionnaire. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS V. 18.
Ethical Considerations: The Research Ethics Committee of Arak University of Medical Sciences approved this study (Code: IR.ARAKMU.REC.1397.253).
Results: In this study, 538 students (205 males and 333 females) were studied with Mean±SD age of 22.04±2.53 years old. The results showed that the prevalence of musculoskeletal pain in the spine (neck 29.4%, upper 24.3%, and lower back 37.2%) was higher than in upper and lower extremities. Musculoskeletal pain in the shoulder, upper, lower back, and thigh were significantly different based on sex. Also, musculoskeletal pain in the neck and ankle, and foot were significantly different based on age (P<0.05). There was a significant difference between musculoskeletal pain of back and ankle based on smartphone use hours per day.
Conclusion: This study suggested that rehabilitation, nursing, and dentistry students are at risk for musculoskeletal pain, especially in the lumbar, cervical, and upper back.
