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Introduction: Chronic and relapsing abdominal pain is one of the most common reasons that bring children to pediatric clinics. About 20% of these children are suffering from idiopathic hypercalciuria. Since Hydrochlorothiazide is effective in relieving hypercalciuria, we assessed its effects on reducing these relapsing pains in girls with idiopathic hypercalciuria. Materials and Methods:In this single blind clinical trial study, 100 girls, aged 5-12 years old, with chronic relapsing abdominal pain and hypercalciuria were divided to two groups by random block design. All children and their parents were trained about consuming plenty of liquids and decreasing salt in foods. In addition to these measures, Hydrochlorothiazide (1 mg/kg/day) was also administered to children in the case group. The control group was assessed for the number of abdominal pain episodes for 3 months following the commencement of the diet and the case group for 3 months after becoming normocaciuric. The results were analyzed by T-test. Results: The mean number of pain episodes in Hydrochlorothiazide group in the first, second, and third months were 0.38, 0.4, and 0.26 respectively much lower than the corresponding months in the control group which were 1.60,1.94, and 1.84 in that order (p<0.001). Conclusion: It seems that single dose daily Hydrochlorothiazide is a safe and effective drug in the treatment of chronic relapsing abdominal pain in children with idiopathic hypercalciuria.

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Abstract Background: Developmental anomalies in sacral bone have been recognized as one of the causes of urinary incontinence. Sacral ration was suggested as a valuable scale in determining the sacral bone health. According to insufficient studies in this field and variation in results, a determination of relationship between sacral ratio (SR) with primary enuresis were seemed imperative. Materials and Methods: In a cross sectional-analytic study, two groups (n=59) of 5-9 year-old children who admitted in pediatric and urology clinics of Amir Kabir hospital in one year were determined. Primary enuresis group with normal urine-analysis and ultrasonography, no history of dysuria, frequency, and urgency and control group without primary enuresis were selected. The mean ratio between the greatest widths of the sacral bone to its greatest length in the AP radiogram was compared between both groups. Results: In case group, 98.3% had normal SR. The mean ratio of greatest width to length was 0.89. There were not a significant relationship between gender and normal or abnormal SR. In control group, 88.1% had normal SR. The mean ratio of greatest width to length was 0.91. Girls more than boys had normal SR. Significant difference between mean ratio of SR and greatest width to length in both groups were not seen. Conclusion: Significant relationship between SR with primary enuresis in 5-9 year-old children was not seen.