Shahin Ghasemi, Ali Chehreii, Ali Moghimi, Ali Ehsanabadi, Alireza Biganeh,
Volume 3, Issue 3 (Autumn 2000)
Abstract
Introduction: Meningitis is the inflamination of leptomeninges caused by the infectious and non infectious agents. The most common kinds of infectious meningitis include bacterial. Viral, fungal and mycobacterial meningitis. The three types of infectious meningitis are acute bacterial meningitis, aseptic meningitis and subacute to chronic meningitis which can be differentiated on the basis of CSF findings. Three fourth of the acute bacterial meningitis involve the persons below 15 years old. The etiologist cause of acute bacterial meningitis differs in various age groups. The most reliable criteria in diagnosis are laboratory and clinical findings. The permanent neurologic damages are the main complications that remain forever. Prognosis and mortality rate of meningitis depends on various factors , among which the main factors is the early diagnosis.
Methods and Cases: This is a cross-sectional study performed on 240 patients with meningitis in FIROOZABADi HOSPITAL from 1996 to 1998. Demographic information, about clinical and laboratorial findings have been collected.
Results: The male to female preponderance was 1:3. 81.3% patients had a previous history of headache, 94.4% had fever and 27.1% have defferent states of reduced alertness. 56.2% persons were diagnosed as having viral meningitis, 37% as bacterial meningitis and 6.8% as T.B. meningitis. The cases diagnosed with bacterial meningitis were influenced by the following bacteria in order: Pneumococus (44.9%), Meningococcus(26.5%), Staphylococcus aureus (12.2%), gram negative bacilli (10.3%) and Haemophilus influenza (6.1%). In 2.4% of cases CSF smear and culture were negative. The mortality rate among the patients was 8% and 8% of them developed consequences. The means of ESR duration had significant difference among various groups with different etiologies.
Discussion: In attention rate of similar studies in England and French were 24.2% and 56%. In attention to high prevalence of meningitis in our country, further greater complementary studies see to be necessary.
Mohammad Mehdi Emam, Sahba Chehreii, Ali Chehreii,
Volume 9, Issue 3 (9-2006)
Abstract
Introduction: Bone mineral density (BMD) measured by dual energy x-ray absorbtiometry (DEXA) is widely used in management of patients with osteoporosis. Factors which are specific to machine or operator, can influence the accuracy and precision of BMD estimations. In this study we investigated the effect of leg rotation and femoral neck on densitometry of femur. Materials and Methods: In a before and after, interventional study on 200 women between 30-70 years old, without metabolic bone diseases, densitometry was done first in standard position and then in 15ْ rotation of leg from standard position and then after changing femoral neck angle from 90ه to 80ْ in relation to central femoral neck axis . Density of femoral neck, ward triangle, greater trochanter, shaft of femur and total hip was measured and data was analyzed by means comparison test. Results: External rotation of leg by 15 ه from the customary position, increased the average BMD in femoral neck, wards area, trochanter and shaft (p<0.001, p<0.04, p<0.001, p<0.008 respectively).While no significant change was observed in average BMD of total hip. Change of femoral neck area angle from 90 ه to 80 ه in relation to central femoral axis decreased BMD in femoral neck (p<0.001), and significantly increased BMD in wards triangle, trochanter, shaft and total hip (p<0.001, p<0.001, p<0.001, p<0.04 respectively). Conclusion: Malrotation of hip can be an important confounding factor when interpreting serial BMD values. Regarding the less effect of malpositioning on BMD of total hip, this area may be prefered for assessment of densitometry result.
Saiid Sadrnia, Ali Chehreii,
Volume 9, Issue 3 (9-2006)
Abstract
Introduction: Hypertension is a common asymptomatic and usually easy to treat disease. Regarding the fact that genetic, social and nutritional factors responsible for inducing hypertension are not the same in different societies, it is necessary to performe a study to introduce a model of hypertention which includes laboratory measures as risk factors of hypertension at Arak city in 2004. Materials and Methods: This is a case-control study. Study samples were 1000 persons (263 patients with hypertension and 737 healthy people). Samples were selected using multi-stage method in which the population ratio in city and village in both groups was considered. Laboratory findings and ECG results were documented. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics and logestic regression. Results: In this study hepertensive patients were compared to healthy people. Some risk factors in this study were LVH (p<0.0001), high triglyceride, hypercholesterolemia and hyperglycemia. Also a model was made based on ECG results and laboratory findings to predict the probability of hypertension. Conclusion: By educating physicians about the determined risk factors in this study, they can control them better and decrease hypertension complications in heart, brain, kidney and eye. On the other hand the obtained model can be used in determination of the propable hypertension in people with positive family history
