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Introduction: Sympathetic skin response (SSR) is a central, polysynaptic process which is attributed to sympathetic sudomotor activity. The descinding pathway presents spinal sympathetic system to sweat glands of hands and feets skin. The glands which are affected in reflex sympathetic dystrophy (RSD).
Materials and Methods: In present study, SSRs were recorded from left hands of 62 adult healthy subjects and 12 affected hands of RSD patients in relaxed, supine position at room temperature. Recording were performed by a pair of silver cup electrodes (1cm2) after stimulation of contralateral median nerve at volar aspect of wrist, all connected to a polygraph (physiograph, Narco, USA) to record at least five stimulation recording prosedure in each subject.
Results: Comparison of mean latency, amplitude, duraion and shape of responses in RSD 'patients with normal control group showed significant differences between duration and amplitudes (P=0.0007 and P=0.0001) while the latencies were not different and the shape of responses were mostly biphasic in both RSD and normal group.
Conclusion: Hyperactivities of SSRs in RSD patients are due to sudomotor changes of skin resistance, the SSR may also play a role in the quantitive evaluation of patients with suspected RSD.

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Introduction: stress in the natural reflection of living creatures against internal and external motivations while stress hormones are secretion through cardiovascular, every production, and security systems. Some stress producing factors are muscular activities, anesthetics, surgery, starvation, water deprivation, etc. Thus, we studied effect of prenatal water deprivation stress on hormone level and sexual dimorphic nucleus in male rats. Materials and methods: In an experimental design, adult female and male Wistar rats (180 gr) acquired from Pastor institute and were coupled. Pregnant rats were divided randomly into control and experimental groups. Both groups were maintained under a controlled temperature (20±2°C) and photoperiod (13:11h, light: dark) conditions. Controlled group had food and water available ad lib, but experimental group had access to food and were deprived of water from the beginning of third week of pregnancy to the end of week. At 42 days at birth, male rats were slight anesthetic in order to prepare the blood and morphometric evaluations. Results: Plasma testosterone average level in experimental group was less than controlled groups (p<0.001), while in the comparison between experimental and controlled groups, progesterone indicates significant increment (p<0.001). There is no statistically significant regarding Estradiol level between both groups. Historical study indicated that the decreased size and number of neurons of MPO and Sch nuclei were significant in experimental compared to controlled ones. Conclusion: Prenatal water deprivation through affecting MPO and Sch nuclei, approximate inhibition of nuclei and decrease in secretion of Testosterone cause the emergence unusual sexual behavior and similar female sexual behaviors in male experimental rats in the postnatal and maturity.

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Introduction: Good  nutrition  is  important  for  growth  and  development  of  children. Regarding  the  fact  that  most  of  brain  growth  is  done  in  first  years  of  life, the  importance  of  a  good  nutrition  at  this  time  can  not  be  denied. In  our  country  there  is  a  high  incidence  of  growth  failure.  Todat  the  complementary  nutrition  teaching  is  being  performed  by  primary  care  provider  and  physicians  are  less  active  in  this  important  field.  In  this  study  we  investigated  the  effect  of  complementary  nutrition  teaching  by  physicians  on weight  of  children  with  growth  failure.
Materials  and  Methods: This  study  is  a  before  and  after  clinical  trial.  In  this  study  100 children  between  6-24  months  old  with  growth  failure  and  no  disease as  the  result  for failure  were  investigated.  Their  mothers  were  educated  about  complementary  nutrition  by  physicians.  Then  children,s  weight  was  assessed  every  month  for  three  months.  Results  were  comparisoned  with  the  data  from  three  months  before  education.
Results: In this  study  45%  of  children  were  male.  The  mean  of  age  was  11.38  months. There  was  a  meaningful  difference  between  the  difference  of  mean  weight  in  the  end  of  the  without  teaching  period  and  its  firast  (-0.49)  and  the  difference  between  the  mean  weight  in  the  end  of  the  teaching  period  and  its  first (1276 gr) (p<0.001). The  difference  of  z  score  at  the  first  of  teaching  period (1.25)  in  comparison  with  the  without  teaching  period (0.04)  was  meaningfully  increased.
Conclusion: In  general  mothers  complementary  nutrition  teaching  by  physician  had  an  effective  role  in  resolving  childrens  growth  failure  and  improving  their  weight  gain.  We recommend  that  when  physicians  are  confronted  with  children  with  growth  failure  it  is  better  to  perform  complementary  nutrition  education  as  a  priority  instead  of  performing  paraclinic  studies.  
 

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Background: Skin Sympathetic Response (SSR) is an electrophysiological technique and a central polysynaptic process. In mood disorders there are some changes in the cortex, hypothalamus activity, limbic system and basalganglia. Therefore, we compare the SSR changes in the patients with depression, mania and healthy persons. Methods and Materials: The patients with depression and mania were chosen based on DSM IV criterion by the psychiatrist. In cross-sectional analytic study, control group was selected away healthy men and women. The SSR was written by physiograph. The stimulat electrod was fixed on the middle finger of the left hand and 5 sympathetic responses were recored for every sample. The mean of amplitude, duration and latency time were computed and compared among three groups. Results: The mean of latency in control, mania and depressed groups were not statistically difference (p=.8). There were no difference between mean of duration in latency time in three groups. The mean of amplitude were not significant in three groups. Conclusion: It seems hypothalamus has not direct effect balance of sympathy skin responses.