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Introduction: The  rapid  increase  of  antibiotic  resistance  especially  among  gram  negative  bacteria, has  made  the  researchers  to  find  an  alternative  substitutions  for  uneffective  antibiotics  and  the  candidate  was  herbal  plants  which  their  antimicrobial  effects  were  understood  traditionaly  from  the  past. Since  Oak  seed  hull (Quercus  brantii) has  been  used  in  traditional  medicine  for  treatment  of  diarrheal  diseases, the  role  of  methanol  extract  of  the  plant  on  few  gram  negative  entric  bacilli  were  evaluated  and  compared  with  some  in-use  antibiotics.
Materials  and  Methods: The methanol  extract  of  the  active  constituents  of  the  plant  was  concentrated  with  distillation  apparatus  in  vaccume  and  was  then  diluted  with  methanol  to  yield  different  concentrations. The  antimicrobial  activity  of  the  extract  was  then  examined  by  standard  MIC  and  disc  diffusion  method  on  E.Coli, Proteus, Shigella  and  Salmonella  and  compared  with  those  of  gentamicin, nalidixic  acid  and  co-trimoxazole  in  the  next  step.
Results: The  results  showed  that  the  antibacterial  effect  of  the  methanol  extract  on  proteus  and  E.coli  wwas  significant  and  directly  related  to  its  concentration  but  was  not  the  same  for  shigella  or  salmonella.  Some  concentrations  of  the  extract  had  a  similar  or  better  effect  compared  to  nalidxic  acid  or  co-trimoxazole. While  the  effect  of  80%  was  not  significant  in  general, except  for  salmonella  that  its  effect  was  equivalent  to  25mg  co-trimoxazole.
Conclusion: The  pverall  results  showed  that  although  Oak  seed  hull  has  some  antibacterial  activity, but  it  seems  that  its  anti-diarrheal  effect  id  due  to  Tanins  which  cause  water  absorption  and  protein  precipitation  in  the  intestine  as  well.

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Introduction: Brucellosis is one of the most important zoonotic diseases that causes miscarriage and infertility in animals and causes human fever. The use of the common SS9 strain of Brucella abortus has several side effects for livestock. Brucella P39 protein is one of the plasma peripheral space proteins that is considered as one of the important immunogenic indicators. With the production of the new protein combination of P39, more studies can be done on the ability of this protein to stimulate immune responses against Brucella. Therefore, in this research, the production and purification of this protein in Escherichia coli bacteria has been done as a new compound.
method: In this experimental study, using the polymerase chain reaction, the P39 gene was propagated by the bacterium Brucella abortus. After purifying the P39 gene, it was cloned into plasmid carriers pSK+ and pGEX4T1. Therefore, pSK+-P39 and pGEX4T1-P39 structures were prepared. To produce the recombinant protein P39, the plasmid structure pGEX4T1-P39 first entered the Escherichia coli bacterium BL21. The protein was then produced by IPTG by induction of pGEX4T1-P39 plasmid. The resulting protein was purified using the orderly purification protein glutathione S-transferase. The amount of purified protein was measured using the Brad Ford method.
Results: The nucleotide sequence of the gene propagated by the cloned PCR in the plasmid carrier  pSK+ was exactly the same as the P39 gene of Brucella abortus. Production of P39 protein was performed by induction of pGEX4T1-P39 plasmid. The purified protein content was 200 micrograms per milliliter.
Conclusion: The production of the new protein P39 compound Brucella Abortus, which is unstable in the cytoplasm of the Escherichia coli bacterium, is possible using carriers with additive proteins such as pGEX4T1 in the host of Escherichia coli strain BL21.

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Background: In recent years Influenza viruses have caused widely spread moderate to severe infection in all around the world and there is no Influenza vaccine which can protect people only with one dose injection till now. Therefore , producing a universal vaccine based on virus like particle (VLP) could be ideal. In this study one of the molecular structures was considered for VLP based Influenza vaccine. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, the human influenza virus (A /New Caledonia 20/1999/ (H1N1)) was propagated in MDCK cell culture. Viral RNA was extracted using RNX-plus solution. Complementary DNA synthesis was carried out using uni-12 primer and random hexamer as specific and general primers, respectively. Neuraminidase open reading frame (1413-bp) was amplified by PCR and cloned into pBlue-script SK. Neuraminidase coding frame sub cloned into pFastBac11 plasmid through SalI/XhoI sites. After verification of cloned Neuraminidase by restriction analysis, it was subjected to automated sequencing bi-directionally. The recombinant pFastBac Neuraminidase vector was transformed to E.coli DH10Bac cells which harbor bacmid DNA and helper plasmid to create Neuraminidase recombinant bacmid. Results: Neuraminidase recombinant bacmid was created by homologous recombination between pFastBacNA and bacmid and was verified by PCR using Neuraminidase specific and M13 universal primers. Conclusion: Recombinant baculovirus expressing Neuraminidase gene can be also used with other individual recombinant baculoviruses expressing HA and M1 genes in production of influenza VLPs or proteins resulting from this structure could be purified in specific insects for vaccine research studies.

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Background: Genetic variability of influenza viruses causes new epidemics worldwide annually. Development of a new vaccine for prophylaxis of influenza virus has been amajor objective in recent years. The aim of this study was to construct a recombinant baculoviruscapable of expressing the two surficial antigenic glycoproteins, hemagglutininand neuraminidase, as well as matrix proteinsof swine influenza (H1N1) simultaneously and independently. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, first, a triplet cassette providing simultaneous and independent expression of target proteins was designed and subjected to synthesis. It was then cloned into pFastBac1 donor plasmid. Competent E.ColiDH10Bac cells were transformed by donor clone and the recombinant bacmids were produced following homologous transposition. This construction was verified by PCR and then transfected into Sf9 insect cells to package new recombinant baculoviruses. Results: Restriction map of pFastBacI HNM1 donor plasmid confirmed the fidelity of the clone. The results of PCR done on the recombinant bacmidas template indicated that a proper homologous recombination has occurred between pFastBacI HNM1 donor plasmid and the bacmid in E.ColiDH10Bac host cells. Protein analysis of the infected Sf9 cells showed that all target proteins were efficiently expressed at the same time. Conclusion: The recombinant baculovirus constructed in this studypossesses proper characteristics to produce swine influenza virus-like particles in Sf9 cells.

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Background: The growing elderly population in Iran and the association of aging with the high prevalence of physical and mental disorders have increased the necessity of determining quality of life of this age group. The quality of life of elderly women is affected by several factors due to their vulnerability. Hence, this study was designed to investigate the quality of life of elderly women in Arak.

Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out on 271 elderly women who lived in Arak in 2013 using classified sampling. Data were obtained via general QOL (SF-36) questionnaires and analyzed by SPSS software.

Results: The mean (±SD) age of the participants was 67.5±7.02 years. The mean (±SD) total scores of SF-36, mental health, and physical health dimensions were 50.22±18.39, 58.54±19.38, and 46.35±20.82, respectively. The mean (±SD) score of eight dimensions of QOL were: general health 45.52±10.79, social function 56.58±24.94, physical pain 47.60±28.27, physical function 51.46±27.05, physical limitation 38.10±42.67, emotional problems 46.22±42.11, vitality 50.16±19.09, and mental health 58.54±19.38. There were significant difference between QOL, marriage, and income (P<0.05).

Conclusion: The results showed that the quality of life in this study was average and some factors, such as education, income, marriage, and residential situation, have a direct influence on QOL.