---

Background: Genu varum is a deformity marked by outward bowing of the leg which is accompanied with pain only in severe cases. Failure in timely diagnosis results in the loss of quality of life in future and high health care costs. The purpose of this study was to evaluate genu varum prevalence in male students aged 7-16 years and identify the cases in need of treatment. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, femoral intercondylar distance (ICD) of 3692 male students aged 7-16 years who were chosen randomly in Arak city was measured. ICD>0.5 cm was considered as genu varum and to determine whether cases need treatment, the MT-MF angle and WBL% were used. Results: The results indicated that the prevalence of genu varum was 2.53% in primary school, 6.98% in junior high school, and 16.33% in senior high school students. The findings showed a significant relationship between the prevalence of genu varum and age, BMI, and the history of lower limb trauma with or without fracture. Overall, 33% of the students required treatment. Conclusion: Considering the importance of having healthy knees, clinical examination and regular screening programs for identifying cases with mild genu varum is recommended. The importance of implementation of regular screening programs is confirmed by the increasing prevalence of diseases associated with age and the high percentage of patients requiring treatment.

---

Background:Anterior interosseous branch of median nerve injury is the most common nerve injury in displaced humerus supracondylar fractures but it is rare in undisplaced ones. This study reports a case of undisplaced humerus supra condylar fracture with median motor nerve injury. Case: The patient was a 4.5 year-old child with elbow pain and swallowing due to trauma to his right elbow. The examination of distal of humerus showed significant tenderness and limitation in range of motion. Flection and pulp to pulp test of first and second fingers were abnormal and all other sensory but motor examinations of wrist and fingers were normal. Radiographic study of humerus showed an undisplaced extension fracture in the distal of humerus. Complete :::union::: of fracture site was seen after treatment by splint for 3 weeks and nerve injury was fully resolved after physiotherapy. Conclusion: Although nerve injury in undisplaced fracture of humerus is rare, despite pain and emotional condition of child and his/her parents, accurate sensory and motor nerve examination is very important.

---

Background: Noticing the particular importance of timely detection of scoliosis due to its progression over the time and associated complications such as non-symmetric appearance, movement restrictions, and sometimes disturbance in cardiac or respiratory function, this screening study was designed to investigate the prevalence of scoliosis in pupils aged 9-16 in Arak.

Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 984 students aged 9-16 years in Arak, Iran, who were randomly selected by clustering method, were screened for scoliosis by Adams test and suspected pupils were examined by orthopedics and PA X-ray was applied for them. For diagnosis confirmation, the Cobb angle was calculated and angle>6 was considered as scoliosis.

Results: Based on the results, the prevalence of scoliosis was 1.52% and 1.21% in female students and 3.21% in male students. The Cobb angle of about 67% of the cases was less than 10 which indicated minor scoliosis.

Conclusion: The results of the present study necessitate school-based scoliosis screening so that early detection of the disease allows for implementation of a suitable treatment program which can prevent the development of the disease and the financial burden of surgery and its complications.

---

Background: Osteoporosis is characterized by low bone density and loss of structural integrity which can increase the risk of bone fracture and its side effects. In the recent studies, new evidences of the relationship between immune system such as TNF-&alpha and IL-17A and bone destruction have been accumulated. The aim of present study was to investigate serum level of TNF-&alpha and IL-17A in women with post-menopausal osteoporosis.

Materials and Methods: In this analytical study 40 women with post-menopausal osteoporosis and 10 healthy women were enrolled to the study based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. The serum level of TNF-&alpha and IL-17A were calculated by using ELISA method and compared between groups.

Results: The mean level of TNF-&alpha in case and control group was 957.7±479.01 and 418.09±176.7 respectively which in case group was significantly more than control group (p=0.001). The mean level of IL-17A in case and control group was 95.23±36.7 and 125.7±30.6 respectively which in case group was significantly less than control group (p=0.019).

Conclusion: The level of TNF-&alpha in women with post-menopausal osteoporosis was more than healthy women which can mention the roll of TNF-&alpha in pathogenesis of osteoporosis and potential therapeutic roll of anti TNF-&alpha agents but because of unclear roll of IL-17A in pathogenesis of osteoporosis we could not explain its mechanism in pathogenesis of osteoporosis. It seems more studies with regard to IL-17A roll in bone metabolism is required.