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Introduction: Nosocomial  infection  is  responsible  of  over  20.000  mortality  in  year  and  about  60%  admission  in  hospital  cause  nosocomial  infection. Thus  it  is  necessary  to  evaluate  attitude, knowledge  and  practice  of  nursing  staff  about  prevention  of  it.
Materials  and  Methods: In  this  study, 100  nursing  staff of  teaching  hospitals  in  Bushehr  were  selected  in  a  multistaging  random  sampling. A  questionnaire  used  for  determination  of  attitude, knowledge  subjects  and  practice  was  assessed  by  check  list  which  reliability  and  validity  of  it  assessed  by  pilot  study. The  questioner  had  15  questions  of  attitude  based  on  likret  scale. In  data  analysis  of  attitude  scores  aet  in  rang  of  15-75, the  high  scores  indicate  positive  attitude  and  the  lowest  scores  indicate  negative  attitude. The results  divided  in  to  three  group:  negative, positive  and  no  idea  and  showed  that  most  staff  had  positive  attitude(85.5%) about  infection  control. In  analysis  of  knowledge  and  practice  scores, score  100  consider  the  highest  level  and  below  50  no  acceptance.
Results: Showed  that  44%  nursing  staff  had  optimal  knowledge  related  to  nosocomial  infection  and  most  of  them  practice  poor  inprocedures  such  as  change  dressing (84%), tracheal suctioning (81%), bladder catheterization (83%)  and  change  venous  site (78%. There  was  seen  statistical  relationship  between  knowledge  and  academic  degree,  position, and  years  in  practice. The  last  variable  had  negative  relationship  (p<0.01, r=-0.276). In  addition  there  was  seen  relationship  between  practice  and  experience  in  critical  care  unit, family  history  of  infection  disease  and  participation  in  teaching  session (p<0.01)
Conclusion: This  study  results  showed  poor  knowledge  and  practice  of  nursing  staff  nosocomial  infection  control  in  study  society  and  must  be  attention  to  it  in  this  group  and  similar  societies.

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Introduction: Alimentary  parasitic  infections  are  still  one  of  the  main  problem  in  developing  countries, and  their  relation  with  environmental  factors  are  important.  Since  children  are  more  vulnerable  to  these  infections, in  basic  researchers  this  group  is  more  targeted.
Materials  and  Methods:  This  descriptive-analytical  cross-sectional  study  was  carried  out  on  1-13  years  children  who  were  living  in  Shahrak-e-Valiasr  Arak.  Simple  random  sampling  was  used  for  selecting  385  children.  Three  days  collected  feces  samples  from  each  person  were  examined  using  formaline-ether  concentration  technique. Data  were  analyzed  by  Chi  square  method.
Results:  The  results  showed  a  prevalence  of  42.3%  of  intestinal  parasitic  infections  in the  children. From  these, 17.4%  were  pathogen  parasits. The  highest  prevalence  was  reported  for  Giardia  lambia  (16.6%).  Girls  were  more  infected  than  boys.  The  level  of  infection  was  significantly  increased  by  age. The  prevalence  of  the  infection  was  more  in  orphans  or  in  children  who  had  uneducated  parents.
Conclusion:  Since  date  indicated  of  a  high  prevalence  of  intestinal  parasitic  infections  in  the  children. It  is  suggested  to  use  washed  and  clean  vagetables   and  fruits  and  also  emphasize  on  personal  and  environmental  hygiene.

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Introduction: Migraine is one of the widespread discases in the word, being 15-20 percent prevalent in women, and 6 percent in men. The attacks resulting from the migraine usually range from minor to major, and even may make the patient unable to work. Its dangerous and permanenet effects may also led to paralysis of different parts of the body. Therefore, it is necessary to do more investigations concerning diagnosis and drug treatments which can prevent the migraine attacks better.
Materials and Methods: The study was a randomized controlled trial which lasted for six months. The patients have been studied through different ways including case history, checkup. electroencephalogram (EEG), computed tomography scanning, blood sampling, kidney and liver function and starting time of the treatment. Successful treatment responses to control migrainc attacks using the prophylactic drugs. Valproate Sodium and Propranolol with tricyclic antidepression drugs, i.e., Amitriptyline and/or Nortriptyline were studied.
Results: Of 126 patients studied (31.8% were men and 68.2% women), 65.1% had normal EEG and 34.9% had abnormal EEG. The patients using Valproate Sodium with normal and abnormal EEG had successful treatment responses equal to 35% and 95.6%, respectively. Additionally, other patients using Propranolol with tricyclic antidepressant Amitriptyline and/or Nortriptyline with normal and abnormal EEGs had successful treatment responses equal to 61.9% and 28.6%, respectively. Statistically, the results were significantly different. However, there were not significant differences between interactive effects of the drugs in sexes, and sexes in EEG types. The most prevalent side effects due to Valproate Sodium and Propranolol with tricyclic antidepressant drugs, i.e., Amitriptyline and/or Nortiptyline were vertigo and exhaustation, respectively.
Conclusion: This study revealed that the best treatment to prevent migraine attacks was using Valproate Sodium tablets in patients with abnormal EEGs, and using Propranolol tablets along with Amitriptyline and/or Nortriptyline for those who had normal EEG.

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Introduction: Pain is one of the main complaints of many postoperative patients. Narcotic and NSAID drugs are used to control postoperative pain.
Recent studies suggest different results of pain relief by NSAID group. We compared analgesic effects of intramucular Pethedine to Didofenac Sodium and Indomethacin suppositories due to inguinal hernioplasty.
Materials and Methods: This study was a clinical trial study over 55 patients of 17-60 years old who underWent unilateral inguinal hernioplasty.
These patients divided into 3 groups. The first group included 17 patients who received 100 mg Indomethacin suppository every 8 hours to relief postoperative pain. The second group of 18 patients who received 100 mg Diclofenac Sodium suppository every 8 hours and the third group induded 20 patients who received 0.5 mg/kg body weight Pethedine intramuscularly every 8 hours. The first dose of each drug started 2 hours after termination of operation. Tue sevrity of pain was checked by visual analogue scale method every 2 hours for 24 hours. Mean pain severity recoded and compared in 6 hours intervals.
Results: The averages of pain severity in the first 24 hours were 23±12 for Indomethacin, 31±9 for Pthedine and 27±12 hours for Diclofenac Sodium groups. There was no significant difference in whole 24 hours.
Conclusion: We concluded that Indomethacin and Diclofenac Sodium suppositories are good substitutes for intramuscular Pethedine to relief postoperation pain during the first postoperation day.

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Introduction: Hyperlipidemia is one of the main known risk factors for coronary artery disease. Regarding the undesirable consequences of hyperlipidemia and its long-term treatment, it is important to use drugs with lesser complications during the long period of treatment.
Materials and Methods: This study was a double-blind randomized clinical trail that carried out on 65 patients with hyperlipidemia. Patients were divided into two groups. Case groups took dill pearl, and control group took placebo pearl for one month. Serum lipids of both groups were measured before and one month after interference. Data was analysed with t-test and p<0.05 was considered significant.
Results: In this study , differences between mean level of cholesterol, triglyseride, HDL and LDL in case group before and after interference were statistically significant (P<0/05) but in control group only difference between HDL before and after interference was significant .
Conclusion: Regarding the result of the study dill pearl can be a useful drug for treatment of hyperlipidemia.

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Introduction: An association between depression and altered immunity has been suggested by a number of studies but has not been consistently demonstrated .The effect of maternal depression response on fetal immune system have not been investigated. Thus in this study we evaluated the effects of depression on some parameters of innate and humoral immune system of pregnant women and their infants. Materials and Methods: 62 pregnant women (including 32 depressed and 30 healthy) and their infants in Taleghani hospital of Arak in 2004 were included in this study. All depressed mothers had a diagnosis of depression by Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and clinical interview based on DSM-IV system. The level of immunoglobulins and components were evaluated by single radial immunosdiffusion (SRID) method of Mancini. Leukocyte and lymphocyte counts were determined by Hycel (an automated cell counter) and for more accurancy were also evaluated by manual method. Statistical analysis was performed using K-S, Mann-Withney, One way ANOVA, Kruskal-Wallis and Pearson tests. P<0/05 was considered significant. Results: Serum IgM level and serum C4 level of infants of mothers with depression were significantly lower than infants of healthy mothers. Lymphocyte number and percentage in infants of depressed mothers was also significantly higher than infants of healthy mothers. The mean cord/maternal blood ratio of IgG in infants of depressed mothers was also significantly lower than infants of healthy mothers. Serum IgG level of depressed mother was significantly higher than other mothers. Conclusion: Fetal impact of stress and depression during pregnancy is just beginning to be understood and research in this area is developing. Our results indicated that maternal depression adversely affects the development and function of fetal immune system. These results are in agreement with the immunological findings of preterm and LBW infants.

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Introduction: Adenosarcoma is a rare uterine tumor composed of benign epithelial and malignant stromal elements. In 20% of cases stroma contains heterologous elements (usually from stratified muscle type). Association between Tamoxifen usage (exogenous strogen) or ovarian thecoma (endogenous strogen) and occurance of this tumor has been reported. This is a case report of a uterine Adenosarcoma. Case: The patient was a 45 years old woman with history of 16 years OCP use who was admitted with a uterine mass and undergone total hysterectomy. Microscopic assessment of slides, stained by H&A, was indicator of Adenosarcoma with cartilage heterologous elements. Conclusion: Uterine Adenosarcoma is a rare tumor. Although there is a few reports of cartilage heterologous elements in uterine Adenosarcoma, this case had multiple cartilage points in stroma. Also in this case, the coexistance of this tumor with long- term OCP use was considerable. 

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Introduction: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is the most common functional bowel disorder. Stress triggers or aggravates it's symptoms. This investigation is carried out to determine the effect of Benson relaxation therapy on anxiety level and severity of symptoms in patients with irritable bowel syndrome. Materials and Methods: In this clinical trial 30 patients with irritable bowel syndrom were randomly divided into case and control groups. The control group was treated by only usual medical therapy but the case group was treated by combined medical- relaxational therapy. The two groups continued therapy for three months. Anxiety level and gastrointestinal symptoms of case and control groups were compared at three different times (two weeks before intervention and one week and three months after intervention). Also, patients were asked to document 6 common gastrointestinal symptoms in their daily symptom diaries, 2 weeks before intervention to 3 months after intervention. At the end of each week, these symptoms were compared in the two groups. Data was analyzed using chi square , Man - Whitney U and Wilcoxon tests. Results: Mean state and trait anxiety of the case and control groups two weeks before and one week after intervention did not show significant difference. But the results after 3 months showed a significant difference (p<0.001).The mean severity of gastrointestinal symptoms, 2 weeks before intervention, was significantly higher in case group, but the comparison of gastrointestinal symptoms severity, 1 week after intervention, did not show any significant difference between the two groups, and 3 months after intervention a significant difference was observed in the two groups (the control group had more severe symptoms than the case group). The comparison of 6 common gastrointestinal symptoms based on weekly self-report showed that abdominal pain, eructation and distention were significantly lower in case group, but there was no significant difference between diarrhea and constipation. Conclusion: Three months Benson relaxation therapy significantly decreased the state and trait anxiety level and severity of symptoms in patients with irritable bowel syndrome.

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Introduction: Pain relief has been received the highest level of medical attempts continuously but still many patients suffer from it. Narcotics' side-effects have led investigators to apply other techniques for controling acute postoperative pain to reduce narcotics requirements. Recently, some concepts have been presented implying that Metoclopramide does have analgesic effects and this led us to conduct the present study in order to determine Metoclopramide's effect on alleviating pain after cesarean section. Materials and Methods: In this clinical trial, 80 patients who were candidates of elective cesarean section were studied in two groups. 10 minutes before the cesarean section's ending time, the control group was given 25 mg Pethidine accompanied by 10 mg Metoclopramide and control group 25 mg Pethidine and distilled water. Then when patients were conscious after cesarean section, for a period of 6 hours received after-care for their vital signs and side-effects of prescribed drugs. Their pain score (VAS) and nausea rate was measured and if necessary, Pethidine was injected with certain dose. Injection time for first dose of Pethidine and its required amount were recorded in a checklist within first 6 hours after cesarean section. Data was analyzed using ANOVA and T tests. Results: Prescription of Metoclopramide inhaunced analgesic effect of narcotics and a meaningful decrease was found in pain score (p=0.002) and nausea rate (p<0.005). Injection time for the first dose of Pethidine was also prolonged in the group who received Metoclopramide compared to control group (p=0.019) and an obvious decrease was occurred in received Pethidine's amount within the first hours after cesarean section (p<0.005). Drugs side-effects were not found in patients. Conclusion: The results indicate that use of Metoclopramide accompanied by Pethidine in ending time of cesarean section, does have considerable effects in controlling acute pain after surgery and increasing analgesic effect of narcotic drugs. Therefore, use of Metoclopramide as a proper supplement drug with low side-effects is recommended.

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Introduction: There are a few clinical trials on human that show the effect of topical vitamin E on keloid and hypertrophic scars. In this investigation we try to study this effect and also show the effect of the concentrations which have not been considered yet in improving hypertrophic scar and keloid healing. Materials and Methods: In a double-blind randomized clinical trial, 32 patients who had hypertrophic scar from 12 weeks ago were given three ointments including placebo and ointments contaning injectional vitamin E (d-α tocopheryl) with different concentrations (300Iu/mg and 600Iu/mg). The scars size, erythema and hardness were evaluated by patients and physicians after 1, 4 and 12 weeks. Data was analyzed using ANOVA and Kruskal Walis tests. Results: After 12 weeks there were no signs or symptoms of dermatitis and rash. Comparison of the scar size after 1 week showed difference between the high concentrated ointment with the others and in the 12th week all of the ointments were different (p<0.001). Evaluation of the scar erythema, in the 1th, 4th and 12th week showed significant difference between vitamin ointments and placebo (p<0.001), also scar hardness in the 12th week was significantly different between groups(p<0.001), but in the first and 4th week no difference was detected in hardness. Conclusion: This study shows that topical vitamin E has good effects on keloid and hypertropic scars. Their effect in decreasing size and erythema is more considerable than scar hardness.

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Introduction: While elderly people enter the hospital in biological crisis, family caregivers enter the hospital in psychological crisis. But professional caregivers haven’t adequate knowledge of family caregivers' experiences. Therefore they forget that family caregivers are in suffering equally. Since suffering is a significant concept in nursing science and knowing and comprehending sources of suffering in family caregivers by professional caregivers is very important, this study is done to describe the nature and structure of sources of suffering in family caregivers of hospitalized elderly patients. Materials and Methods: This is a qualitative study with phenomenological method. Population of the research is all elderly patients' families that were hospitalized in one of the hospitals of Isfahan University of medical sciences. Sampling method was purposive and continued until data saturation. The numbers of participants are 12. Data were gathered through in-dept interview and data analysis done by “Parse” method that was not used in Iran. Results: The finding of this research is summarized in these core concepts: Patients and therapeutic interventions as source of suffering, hospital as source of suffering, disturbance in family and social life as source of suffering, self neglect as source of suffering. These concepts will be discussed in the full article. Conclusion: Participants' experiences reflect the need for planning interventions such as developing supportive groups, providing facility and instruments and continuous support for family caregivers during hospital stay. Also results show that educational programs are necessary for effective adaptation in family caregivers.

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Introduction: Candidiasis is the second common cause of vulvovaginitis. We evaluate the frequency of species of Candida in vaginal candidiasis. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional anaiythical study, 220 patients with typic and nontypic signs and symptoms of vaginal Candidiasis were studied. Smear and culture were done. For positive culture, evaluation of germ tube, clamidospor production and carbohydrate assimilation and fermentation was done. Data was presented by descriptive statistics and analyzed using Chi square, Man-Whitney and Kolmogrov tests. Results: 40% of patients showed positive culture and smear. Frequancy of Candida Albicanse (42.03%), Dublininsis (29.5%), Glaberata (14.75%), Gilermondy (6.81%), Norvejensis (2.27%), Tropicalis (2.27%), and Kefayer (2.27%) were determined. There was no significant relationship between antibiotic and OCP consumption and type of identified Candida. Conclusion: Frequency of non Albicanse species is increasing. We suggest treatment based on culture and smear, because non Albicanse vaginitis usually is resistant to Azols.

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Introduction: Use of medicinal plants for decreasing blood glucose and lipids to normal level is clinically important. In this respect, Silybum marianum (SM) is a plant that can lower lipid peroxidation and lipids in an experimental model of hyperlipidemia. Therefore, the effect of chronic oral administration of this plant on serum glucose, triglyceride, total cholesterol, and HDL and LDL cholesterol level of diabetic rats was investigated. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, female rats (n=36) were randomly divided into 4 groups, including control, SM-treated control, diabetic, and SM-treated diabetic groups. The treatment groups received oral administration of plant-mixed pelleted food (6.25%) for 4 weeks. Serum glucose, triglyceride, total cholesterol, LDL and HDL cholesterol levels were determined before the intervention, and at 2nd and 4th weeks after the intervention. Data was analyzed using repeated measure ANOVA, One way ANOVA, student and pairt T and Tukey tests. Results: Serum glucose level in diabetic group was increased in seond and 4th weeks after the intervention as compared to one week before that (p<0.001) and SM treated diabetic rats only had a mild non-significant effect. In addition, triglyceride level in diabetic group increased 4 weeks after the intervention in comparison to related data one week before that (p<0.05) and there was a significant lower level of triglyceride in SM-treated diabetic rats (p<0.05). Furthermore, a similar significant reduction was obtained for treated-diabetic group as compared to diabetic group regarding serum cholesterol level (p<0.05). On the other hand, HDL- and LDL- cholesterol levels were significantly higher (p<0.05) and lower (p<0.05) in SM-treated diabetic group as compared to untreated diabetic group respectively. Conclusion: Oral chronic administration of SM had no significant hypoglycemic effect and led to appropriate changes in blood lipid profile.

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Introduction: As tonsillectomy operations are done in vicinity of airways, two important purposes in anesthesia are decreasing bleeding and recovery time. Because of common use of Halothane and its reported side effects, we managed a study for comparing these two factors in two methods of anesthesia with or without Halothane. Materials and Methods: In a single blinded clinical trial, 140 (4-12 years old) children undergoing tonsillectomy, were randomly allocated in two equal groups. In the control group maintenance was done with Halothane-N2O 50% but in the case group without Halothane plus hyperventilation (Liverpool technique). Bleeding volume was estimated according to preoperative and 6 hour's postoperative hematocrit. Recovery time was recorded in minutes. Data was ahalyzed using Mann-Whitney U, T, Leven and K-S tests. Results: There was not any significant difference in sex, age, and weight and operation duration in the two groups. Mean recovery time in the case group was 7.87 minutes and in the control group 15.59 minutes, which showed a significant difference (p=0.00001). Mean bleeding volume in the case group was 44.22 ml and in the control group 58.52 ml, which also showed a significant difference (p = 0.005). Conclusion: According to our study it seems that anesthesia with Halothane causes more bleeding and prolonged recovery time in comparison to Liverpool technique.

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Introduction: Dehydroepiandrostrone (DHEA) and its sulfate form is an adrenal hormone and is the most common steroidal hormone in body and despite of other adrenal hormones increases with age, so it is called youth fountain. Recently, DHEA is noticed increasingly because of its multiple effects. Its effect on insulin sensitivity is controversial. In this study the relation between Dehydroepiandrostrone (DHEA) level and Insulin sensitivity is investigated. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional analytical study, samples were selected among female relatives of diabetic patients referring to Isfahan Endocrine Research Center. They were divided into three groups including diabetic, impaired glucose tolerance and normal glucose tolerance, each 30 persons. In these groups blood sugar, lipid, CBC, Insulin and DHEA-S levels were evaluated and the rate of Insulin sensitivity was determined using Homeostatic Modle Assessment- Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) and the relation between insulin sensitivity rate and DHEA in the three groups was compared. Data was analyzed using one way analysis of variance and t-tests. Results: The mean of variables in the three groups of diabetic, impaired glucose tolerance and normal glucose tolerance for DHEA-S was 127, 113, 129 mcg/dl Insulin 7.7, 1.10, 8.3 mcg/ml HOMA-IR 1.6, 3.5, 1.8 and fasting blood sugar 86, 135, 89 mg/dl respectively. Comparison of mean of variables showed that the difference between DHEA-S in groups was not significant. Also there was no meaningful relationship between DHEA-S and blood sugar. In the group with normal glucose tolerance, DHEA-S with HOMA-IR and insulin had a partial meaningful relation (p<0.06). Conclusion: Overally DHEA has no meaningful relation with insulin sensitivity and HOMA-IR, but this relation is meaningful in the three groups and the relation between DHEA-S with HOMA-IR in the group with normal glucose tolerance is partially meaningful.

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Introduction: Labor refers to the chain of physiologic events that allows a fetus to undertake its journey from the uterus to the outside world. Friedman (1954) describes a sigmoid pattern for labor. This study is carried out to identify the trend of labor progression in multiparous women. Materials and Methods: The present cohort study was conducted on 336 multiparous women. In order to assess labor stages, dilatation per unit of time was evaluated in each participant. Participants were divided into four groups: non intervention, induced, sedated, and both intervention groups. The related parameters were evaluated in all groups. Data was analyzed using one way analysis of variance, one sample t-test and mixed model regression models in reverse method for drawing the curve. Results: In all groups, with the increasing expansion of cervix the rate of cervix dilatation was increased. A significant relationship was observed between expansion speed rate in active phase of the first stage and the third stage, with induction of labor (p<0.05). But there was no relationship between the second stage and induction. The mean time of active phase and the second stage in this study was significantly higher than women of Freidman study (3.56 hours in contrast to 2.2 hours and 25 minute in contrast to 18 minute, respectively)(p<0.001). Also in the present study the deceleration phase was not seen. Conclusion: Now the pattern of labor progression differs from Freidman's curve in 1950 and has not the sigmoid shape, and the most important factor affecting latent phase is the dilatation of cervix at the time of admission. So determining a standard curve, without bias, is very difficult, and statistical methods should be used to decrease the effect of confounding factors of participants.

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Introduction: Quality of life (QOL) has become an important concept in medical research. Some research has shown a curvilinear relationship between QOL and glycemic control, but some did not so. The aim of this study is to investigate different aspects of QOL and also assess the hypothesis in diabetic patients. Materials and Methods: In a cross-sectional study, a random sample of adult diabetic outpatients (n=110) were selected and completed the WHO-QOL assessment instruments. In addition HbA1c was measured in these patients by calorimetric method. Patients were divided in to 3 groups: 1-good control (HbA1c<7), 2-fair control (7≥HbA1c<9) and 3-poor control (HbA1c≥9). QOL was assessed by measuring physical, psychological, social and environmental domains. Data were analyzed with one way ANOVA (Tukey as post hoc), Chi2 and Mann-Whitney, and correlation tests. Results: A significant correlation was seen between BMI and glycemic control, physical and social aspects, physical and environmental aspects, psychological and environmental aspects, and social and psychological aspects. No significant difference was seen between mean score of different dimensions of QOL in relation to HbA1c changes. The mean score of each dimension in relation to glycemic control showed that, better score of psychological, environmental and social dimensions is seen in patients with fair glycemic control. But regarding the overall score of QOL this is completely reverse. The mean score of physical dimension is decreased with increasing HbA1c. There was no correlation between other domains of QOL and glycemic control. Conclusion: In this survey higher quality of life was seen in fair glycemic control in social, environmental and psychological dimensions, but physical dimension in patients was decreased when HbA1c was increased. Regarding the overall score of QOL it can be seen that the lowest score of QOL is in patients with fair glycemic control which is in contrast with curvilinear hypothesis.

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Background: There has been an increase in the number of women willing to have a caesarean birth because of their fear of childbirth. It seems the childbirth preparation educational class is a good way to remove or alleviate fears associated with pregnancy and childbirth.This research designed to identify the effect of childbirth preparation classes on childbirth fear on the primiparous women. Methods and Materials: The present study is a clinical trial which was carried out in 2007 at Milad Hospital, with 100 nulliparous pregnant women. Childbirth fear was measured by childbirth attitudes questionnaire. Normal pregnant women in the second trimester with childbirth fear score was 28 or more were randomly selected and dirided into experimental and control group with 50 subject in each qroup. The experimental group attended nine childbirth preparation class sessions and control group received routine antennal care. Results: The mean scored fear of childbirth in case and control group were 39.35±6.96 and 40.71±6.23 respectively. There was not significant difference between two groups. After the sessions, comparing childbirth fear score between two groups in third trimester showed the mean score of childbirth fear among experimental group was lower than control group (29.82+/- 7.18 compare to 38.03+/-9.27), and the differences statistically was significant (p<0.001). Mode of delivery was significantly different between the two groups. Conclusion: Primiparous women attended childbirth preparation classes acquired lower score of childbirth fear in compare to women received routine prenatal care. The results of this research showed relaxation training decreased childbirth fear and increased normal vaginal delivery.

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Background: Metronidazole has antibacterial and antiparasitic action. Therefore it can use for treatment inflammatory diseases as Crohn. The effect of metronidazole on human’s blood lipids to reducing levels of LDL and VLDL and increasing level of HDL is under investigation. Target of this research is consideration effect of metronidazole on hyperlipidemia case of death such as coronary artry disrase. Methods and Materials: This study is a triple blind clinical trial was done on 100 voluntaries between 25-65 years old. with hyperlipidemia. Samples divided in two equal groups. The first group received metronidazol, 500mg, BID, for 10 days, and control group received placebo with the same dose. Lipids of serum were measured before and after using drugs, then data analyzed by SPSS software. Results: In metronidazol group amount of total cholesterol, LDL and Triglyceride were significantly less than placebo group. HDL’s amount in metronidazole group was significantly more than placebo group. Conclusion: Significant effect of metronidazole on reducing harmful blood lipids and increasing useful blood lipids. It can be suggested a probable candidate in treatment of hyperlipidemia. Maybe it can use with this application. Although it needs to more study by meta analysis to validate this effect.