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Background: The distal radius’ fracture is one of the most prevalent fractures in menopause women. Because of no delisery of an exact dosage by inhalation calcitonin, the effect of a systemic form such as parenteral on healing up of this area was investigated.

Materials and Methods: This study was a prospective cohort on 44 women 60 years-old with distal radius’ fracture divided into 2 equal groups of control and treatment (parenteral calcitonin, just after operation, 100 I.U/day during 10 days consecutive of each month for 3 months). The rate of improvement, hand ability and stiffness of joints of hand fingers and wrist according with physical examination, time of cortex healing up, level of alkaline phosphatase, calcium and phosphor serum levels and rate of osteoporosis accord to radiography indexes.

Results: The rate of osteoporosis and pain was less tham that of control group. Prevention of osteoporosiss and the cortex healirg was significaltly more than that of control group. The hard activity (Mayo Wrist index) and ability of ceetching of objects was better in calcitonin group. There were not any significant effects of calcitonin on level of alkalire phosphatose, calcium and phosphor us serum levels.

Conclusion: Calcitonin especially with calcium supplements can accelerate the improvement of distal radius’ fracture. Then patients will tolerate fewer problems at convalescence period.

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  Background: Oxidative stress and severe neuro-excitation have significant effects on pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease and agents with antioxidant property can potentially prevent these effects. Herein we examined potential protective effects of melatonin as an antioxidant agent and memantine as an uncompetitive receptor of NMDA, on a model of Parkinson’s disease induced by 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1, 2, 3, 6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP).

  Materials and Methods: Male mice were divided into 8 groups with 7 mice in each group: saline, ethanol, melatonin, memantin, MPTP, melatonin+MPTP, memantin+ MPTP, melatonin+ memantin+ MPTP. All of agents were injected intraperitoneally once a day for 14 days before beam traversal test. Dopaminergic neurons of the Substantia Nigra Pars compacta (SNPC) were determined by immunohistochemical and were counted.

  Results: Melatonin improved notably movement dysfunction resulted of MPTP such as the number of errors, paces and the time of movement during behavioral test and also the counting of neurons of Substantia Nigra Pars Compacta. Memantin had a synergic effect on the most of improvements. However, the level of improvement and retrieval of signs was not as in saline and ethanol groups.

Conclusion: Melatonin especially together with memantine is able to prevent some of the MPTP-induced dysfunctions. However, the protective effects were not enogh, probably because of the amount of dose and the time of injection.

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Background and Aim: Opioid and benzodiazepine family drugs are concurrently used in various patients. Considering the respiratory depressant effects of both classes, in this study, we investigated the effect of coadministration of morphine and several widely used benzodiazepines in the clinic on the rate of respiratory depression in rats.
Methods & Materials: Seventy adult male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 10 groups; morphine, midazolam, diazepam, lorazepam, alprazolam, morphine-midazolam, morphine-diazepam, morphine-lorazepam, and morphine-alprazolam. Respiration signal was recorded using whole-body plethysmography 15 minutes after the intraperitoneal injection of the drugs. The respiratory pattern was examined using several parameters; the mean value of inter-breath interval and the respiratory rate, as well as the coefficient of variation and sample entropy analysis of inter-breath interval.
Ethical Considerations: This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Arak University of Medical Sciences (Code: IR.ARAKMU.REC.1397.327).
Results: Analyzing respiratory data revealed that injecting the anxiolytic dose of alprazolam, and the combination of morphine-alprazolam and morphine-midazolam, altered the respiratory pattern. Such changes were associated with a decrease in the number of breaths and an increase in the inter-breath interval in the explored test animals, compared with the controls. The obtained data also indicated that morphine-midazolam injection increased the variability of the breathing pattern; such an alternation was associated with increased irregularity and decreased coefficient of variation of the inter-breath interval.
Conclusion: The present research results suggested that the short-term injection of morphine-midazolam changes the respiratory pattern more severely than morphine combined with other benzodiazepines.