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Abstract Background: Methanol causes so many severe toxicities. Chronic low dose methanol ingestion can cause severe toxicity. There are many unpublished reports from doctors about side effects of toxicity by methanol like blinding in chronic user of herbal essences. Regarding to kinds of herbal essences producing and side effects of its chronic using, probability, there is methanol in the process of making. Therefore we decided to evaluate rate of methanol in various products. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional analytic study, 3 samples of high consumption homemade herbal essences in Arak (Pussy, Mint, Fenugreek, Hedysarum, Dill and Chicory) and 3 samples of the same herbal essences from industrial products with trademarks were gathered. All of them have been analyzed with spectrophotometer in five times. Results: The maximum methanol concentration was related to a sample of industrial Mint (415.04 ppm) and the minimum methanol concentration was related to a sample of handmade Fenugreek (60.26 ppm). There was no significant difference between methanol concentration in handmade and industrial herbal essences. Conclusion: There is probability of methanol toxicity after chronic usage of some herbal essences. Due to lack of maximum permissible concentration for non methanol essences, it is recommended that a cut of point of methanol concentration was determined and inform people about it.

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Background: Green tea, which is the most common drink in the world, has antioxidant and detoxification properties. In this study, the protective effect of green tea extract on nephro-toxicity induced by acetaminophen was investigated. Materials and Methods: 32 male mice were randomly divided into 4 groups. Physiologic serum was administered to the control group for 30 days. Toxic (Acetaminophen) group received physiologic serum for 30 days and on day 30 in addition to physiologic serum, 500 mg/kg acetaminophen was administered orally. Green tea group, instead of water, was fed by 7g/l green tea extract for 30 days. Instead of water, the experiment green tea group was fed with green tea extract for 30 days and 500 mg/kg oral acetaminophen was administered on day 30. On day 31, blood samples were taken from jugular arteries for assaying BUN and Cr. The mice kidneys were cut off and placed in 10% formalin for histopathology assessments. Results: BUN and Cr reduced significantly in the experiment group in comparison with the toxic group. Also, in histopathology assessments, kidney necrosis reduced in experimental group. Conclusion: Green tea seems to have a protective role in acetaminophen induced nephro-toxicity.

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Background: Labor pain, which is a natural, unique and multi- factorial pain, is considereds a major part of women's anxiety at reproductive ages. There are two pharmacological and non-pharmacological approaches for reducing this pain. Since the pharmacological approach involves side effects, lots of attention has recently been given to the non-pharmacological methods. One of these methods, is use inc birth ball the, which includes sitting and rocking on the birth ball. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of using birth ball on labor pain, the duration of active phase and contractions of physiologic labor. Materials and Methods: In this randomized control-clinical trial, sixty primiparous women (18-35 year old) were selected and randomly assighed into birth ball and control groups. The severity of pain was measured through Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and the pain score, interval between contractions and duration of active phase were compared between the two groups. Results: The average pain score in the birth ball group was significantly lower than the control group (p<0.05). In terms of interval between the contractions, duration of active phase and uterine contractions, there were no significant differences between the two groups. Conclusion: Although use of birth ball did not have any effects on the duration of active phase, uterine contractions and interval between uterine contractions, this complementary therapy reduced the severity of pain during the active phase of delivery. Therefore, this safe method is suggested to be used during normal vaginal delivery and physiologic labor. Also, conducting a study, which examines the effects of using a combination of complementary methods, is recommended