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Background: Urogenital atrophy is a common problem after menopause and quality of life in post-menopauseis seriously affected by the symptoms associated with vaginal atrophy. The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of the vaginal suppository of hyaluronic acid and vitamin E in atrophic vaginitis treatment. Materials and Methods: This randomized double-blind clinical trialwas carried out in Ahvaz (Iran) from August to December 2010. Forty postmenopausal women with symptoms of vaginal atrophy were randomly allocatedto two groups to take vaginal suppositories of either 5 mg hyaluronic acid sodium salt (n=20) or 1 mg vitamin E (n=20) for 8 weeks. The symptoms of vaginal atrophy were evaluated by a self-assessed 4-point scaleand the composite score was determined asnone, mild, moderate, and severe in four periods. Results: The results showed that the symptoms were relieved significantly in both groups (P<0.001).The relief of symptoms was significantly superior in the hyaluronic acid group compared with the vitamin E group (P<0.05). Conclusion: Although both hyaluronic acid and vitamin E relieved the vaginal symptoms, improvements were greater in the hyaluronic acid group. Therefore,hyaluronic acid vaginal suppository is suggested for women with vaginal atrophy who do not want to or cannot take local estrogen treatment.

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Background: Due to the changing lifestyle in terms of nutrition and physical activity, obesity has become one of the major challenges to human health. The study of metabolic factors involved in this phenomenon plays an important role in preventing and treating the obesity. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between testosterone level and serum lipoproteins such as LDL and HDL with Body Mass Index (BMI), in different age groups of men in Golestan population.

Materials and Methods: In this case-control study, 183 men were randomly selected during 2012. Anthropometric measures (weight and height) were obtained according to standard methods, and BMI was calculated for each one. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 16. Pearson bivariate correlation test between groups and one-way Anova test was performed and p<0.05 being considered as significant.

Results: Data analysis showed a significant inverse correlation between BMI and serum testosterone level (p=0.005). In the study population, higher BMI was associated with increased LDL level (p=0.049) and also increasing age (p=0.011). In addition, an inverse relationship was observed between BMI and HDL levels that were not statistically significant (p=0.068).

Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that weight gain is associated with increased LDL and low testosterone serum level, and this relation is more meaningful in old men.

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Introduction: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the most important and common infections in children. The aim of this study was to investigate the frequency of qnrB and qnrS genes in Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from urinary tract infections of children in 17 Shahrivar Hospital in Rasht.
Materials and methods:  In this descriptive cross-sectional study, 49 strains of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae were isolated from 17 Shahrivar Hospital in Rasht and identified using biochemical methods. Sensitivity and resistance of strains to antibiotics were determined by Kirby Bohr and dilution broth methods. PCR method was used to evaluate the frequency of qnrS and qnrB genes in isolates.
Results: In this study, the highest resistance was observed in piperacillin (81.5%) and cefazolin (88.9%) isolates from Escherichia coli and in Klebsiella pneumoniae (cefazolin (90.9%) and amoxicillin (95.5%) isolates from 49 Isolated, 73.4% had qnrB gene and 97.9% had qnrS gene.
Conclusion: It seems that one of the reasons for increasing multidrug resistance in hospital isolates of urinary tract infection (UTI) in Rasht is the increased transfer of plasmid genes between these isolates.