---

---

---

Introduction: The two therapeutical methods, ambulatory phelebectomy and stripping, used in the treatment of venous varices seem to have different duration of admission and complications. In this study the variables which seemed to be different between these two approaches have been compared with each other.
Materials and methods: In an analytic cross-sectional investigation, 43 patients were operated for venous varices with stripping and ambulatory phlebectomy were studied. Gender, age, type of operation, post- operative complications (hematoma, pain and paresthesia), duration of admission and the duration of operation were recorded for all subjects.
Results: Out of 43 patients, 19 were operated by ambulatory phlebectomy and the other by stripping methods. There was no meaningful difference in the groups with respect to the sex. There was a meaningful difference between both groups with respect to hemetoma (5.3% versus 0%).The average duration of admission and operation in the stripping was virtually more than the ambulatory phlebectomy.
Discussion: The duration of operation, hematoma, pain and paresthesia was proportionally more in the stripping procedure than the ambulatory phlebectomy. Thus, ambulatory phlebectomy can be more helpful in the treatment of venous of limbs.

---

Introduction: stress in the natural reflection of living creatures against internal and external motivations while stress hormones are secretion through cardiovascular, every production, and security systems. Some stress producing factors are muscular activities, anesthetics, surgery, starvation, water deprivation, etc. Thus, we studied effect of prenatal water deprivation stress on hormone level and sexual dimorphic nucleus in male rats. Materials and methods: In an experimental design, adult female and male Wistar rats (180 gr) acquired from Pastor institute and were coupled. Pregnant rats were divided randomly into control and experimental groups. Both groups were maintained under a controlled temperature (20±2°C) and photoperiod (13:11h, light: dark) conditions. Controlled group had food and water available ad lib, but experimental group had access to food and were deprived of water from the beginning of third week of pregnancy to the end of week. At 42 days at birth, male rats were slight anesthetic in order to prepare the blood and morphometric evaluations. Results: Plasma testosterone average level in experimental group was less than controlled groups (p<0.001), while in the comparison between experimental and controlled groups, progesterone indicates significant increment (p<0.001). There is no statistically significant regarding Estradiol level between both groups. Historical study indicated that the decreased size and number of neurons of MPO and Sch nuclei were significant in experimental compared to controlled ones. Conclusion: Prenatal water deprivation through affecting MPO and Sch nuclei, approximate inhibition of nuclei and decrease in secretion of Testosterone cause the emergence unusual sexual behavior and similar female sexual behaviors in male experimental rats in the postnatal and maturity.

---

Introduction: Postoperative hypothermia is physiologically stressful by elevating blood pressure, heart rate and plasma catecholamine concentration. This study conducted to evaluate the effects of intravenous fluids temperature on perioperative hemodynamic situation. Materials and Methods: This was a randomized clinical trial study Perioperative pulse rate, blood pressure, intraoperative esophageal and skin temperature were measured in 60 volunteer patients undergoing orthopedic surgeries subjects randomly divided into two groups according to intraoperative IV fluids management. In 30 patients (hypothermia group) all IV fluids infused were at room temperature. In the other 30 patients (normothermia group) all IV fluids were warmed using and dry IV fluid warmer. Results: The core and skin temperature of hypothermia and normothermia group decreased significantly from induction of anesthesia toward end of surgery but its reduction was more in hypothermia group (P<0.005). Postoperative mean arterial blood pressure increased significantly more in hypothermia group versus normothermia group (P<0.005). Shivering was observed in 21 of 30 hypothermia and 11 of 30 normothermia group (p<0.005) and recovery time was significantly lower in normothermia group (36±5 vs. 26±3 min, P<0.005). Conclusion: Infusion of warm fluids helps to reduce the variation of postoperative mean arterial blood pressure, core and skin temperature, occurrence of shivering and recovery time.

---

Introduction: Preclampsia is a pregnancy-specific condition characterized by hypertention, proteinuria and generalized edema. The condition usually occurs in the third trimester and word wide is one of the most common causes of maternal mortality and morbidity. No study concerning the immunological etiology and pathogenesis of preclampsia has been done in Iran. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of some immunological factors involved in the pathogenesis of preclampsia.
Materials and methods: This research was a clinical trial study. We measured C3, C4, IgG, IgA and IgM levels in 20 women with preclampsia, 20 normal pregnant women and 20 non-pregnant women matched for age, BMI, parity and gestational age. Seven patients had developed severe and thirteen mild preclampsia. After written informed consent was obtained, blood samples of subject group.
Collected serum collected was analyzed for immunological parameters by the single radial immunodiffusion (SRID) method of Mancini.
Results: C4 level was significantly decreased in women with severe preclampsia than in women with mild preclampsia and normal pregnancies, whereas C3 level did not differ between groups. IgG concentration was significantly higher in non-pregnant women than in women with preclampsia and normal pregnancies. There was a significant decrease in IgA concentration in normal pregnant women compared with non-pregnant women. There was a not significant difference between the IgM concentrations of both groups.
Conclusion: Our data show several changes in immunological factors in preclampsia which may contribute to the pathogenesis of the disorder in Iranian women.

---

Introduction: Normal growth of children is an index of their health. So growth monitoring is a routine service provided in most health care systems. This study has been performed in order to assess the effectiveness of growth monitoring regarding incidence of failure to thrive (FTT) and head circumference. Materials and methods: There was a historical cohort study in which the children who were 12 -14 months old at the time of study under the coverage of health service of Aboozar health center, Tehran medical university, were evaluated. We used linear, logistic and Cox modeling for detecting statistical association of the distinguished variables. Results: There was no significant association between number of growth monitoring visits and the size of head circumference (linear model). In addition to, there was a significant association between the number of growth monitoring visits and incidence of FTT (logistic model). Conclusion: According to our data, it seems that growth monitoring has a preventing role in growth of failure to thrive children.

---

Introduction: Peptic ulcer is a mucosal lesion of stomach or deodenum in which acid and pepsin play major pathogenic roles. In general population, Helicobacter pylori (HP) plays an important role in peptic ulcer. Peptic ulcer is more common in chronic renal failure (CRF) but its etiology is unknown. Materials and methods: In a descriptive cross-sectional study, the prevalence of peptic ulcer in CRF patients was studied and its relationship with HP was evaluated. All patients were visited in Tajrish shohada hospital, Tehran. CRF was defined as a serum ceratinin concentration equal or more than 2 mg/dl at least for 3 months. Patients who stressful conditions, or were recieved immunosuppressive or NASID drugs, or drugs for eradication of HP were excluded. Upper GI endoscopy was performed for all patients by gastroentrologists to find out peptic ulcer. Biopsy was taken for HP identification by rapid ureas test. Results: The mean age of participants was 56 year and 51% of them had GI symptoms. Nineteen of 98 patients with CRF (19%) had peptic ulcer. That 5 of them were positive HP. HP was identified in 45 (46%) of patients. Conclusion: This study showed that HP is not more prevalent in CRF patients compared to general population. Additionally, peptic ulcer was more common in male patients with CRF than non-CRF subjects.

---

Introduction: Nearly, 6% of recently diagnosed cancer in the United States was upon to lymphoproliferate and leukemia and 9% of fatality in cancerous people was upon to these two illnesses. Using some simple, cheap and in-hand tests and special consideration to clinical inspections in suspected subjects provide a faster diagnostic and suitable treatment. It may ultimately promote the quality of life and decline the fatality among patients.
Materials and methods: This was a cross-sectional investigation which carried out during a 1.5 years in the form of forward direction. Forty-two lymphoproliferate (28 lymphoblast and 14 Hotchkin) and 21 acute lymphoblastic leukemia (10 acute lymphoblast leukemia and 11 miloid acute leukemia) subjects were evaluated. ESR, LDH and ALP levels were measured in all patients. In clinical examinations, oversizing of lymph nodes, spleen and liver were exactly considered.
Results: According to our results the best tests to rule in and rule out acute leukemia from lymphoprolifeatives were ESR and LDH, respectively. Additionally, The most sensitive and specific evaluations to rule out these two diseases were LDH and oversizing of liver inspection. It was also determined that LDH is the best screening test to rule out leukemia from lymphoproliferate.
Conclusion: Using of simple examinations such as ALP, LDH, ESR and more consideration to oversized spleen, liver and lymph nodes in each suspected patients, we could easily differentiate lymphoproliferate and acute leukemia from each other.

---

Introduction: In the 1950s vancomycin was introduced as an effective antibiotic for curing infections caused by methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Three decade after using vancomycin, resistant coagulase negative staphylococcus to this antibiotic was reported. In this study, we evaluate the Staphylococcus aurous resistant to vancomycin.
Materials and methods: During this invesitigatin which lasted for 6 months, 50 Staphylococcus aurous samples were taken from burn wards of each of two Imam-Reza and Gaem hospitals, Mashhad. All selected samples were resistant to methicillin and their MIC to vancomycin was determined.
Results: Of 50 separated bacteria from Imam-Reza and Gaem hospitals subjects, 4 patients had MIC equal to 12.5 mg/ml. In isolated samples from Gaem hospital, one case has MIC equal to 12.5 mg/ml.
Conclusion: With respect to expanding the resistant toward vancomycin, thus it is recommended to inhibit the resistance of this organism in the wards.

---

Introduction: Brucellosis is one of the most important zoonotic diseases that causes miscarriage and infertility in animals and causes human fever. The use of the common SS9 strain of Brucella abortus has several side effects for livestock. Brucella P39 protein is one of the plasma peripheral space proteins that is considered as one of the important immunogenic indicators. With the production of the new protein combination of P39, more studies can be done on the ability of this protein to stimulate immune responses against Brucella. Therefore, in this research, the production and purification of this protein in Escherichia coli bacteria has been done as a new compound.
method: In this experimental study, using the polymerase chain reaction, the P39 gene was propagated by the bacterium Brucella abortus. After purifying the P39 gene, it was cloned into plasmid carriers pSK+ and pGEX4T1. Therefore, pSK+-P39 and pGEX4T1-P39 structures were prepared. To produce the recombinant protein P39, the plasmid structure pGEX4T1-P39 first entered the Escherichia coli bacterium BL21. The protein was then produced by IPTG by induction of pGEX4T1-P39 plasmid. The resulting protein was purified using the orderly purification protein glutathione S-transferase. The amount of purified protein was measured using the Brad Ford method.
Results: The nucleotide sequence of the gene propagated by the cloned PCR in the plasmid carrier  pSK+ was exactly the same as the P39 gene of Brucella abortus. Production of P39 protein was performed by induction of pGEX4T1-P39 plasmid. The purified protein content was 200 micrograms per milliliter.
Conclusion: The production of the new protein P39 compound Brucella Abortus, which is unstable in the cytoplasm of the Escherichia coli bacterium, is possible using carriers with additive proteins such as pGEX4T1 in the host of Escherichia coli strain BL21.

---

Introduction: Radius end fracture is one of the most common fractures of the upper limb, the treatment of which is controversial, and improper treatment can have significant side effects. In this study, we intend to examine the results of treatment with an external fixative method.
method: It was easy to study without control and sampling. The study was performed on 30 fractures (26 patients) for one year, based on radiographs of the fracture site of type 4 universal 5. Surgery with standard techniques was performed under general or regional anesthesia, and patients were followed up for up to one year after surgery and examined for shortness of breath, joint surface angle, range of motion, and pain.
Results: Twenty-four men and two women with a mean age of 5.28 years were examined. In all patients, clinical and radiographic effusion occurred. There were two cases of mild infection at the site of the pin, which were treated with medication. In one case, there was a slight sensation in the sensory branch of the radial nerve, which disappeared after a while, and in no case was there a tendon lesion. The mean deviation to the palm was 6.6.5.5 and the ulnar deviation was 4.5 to 12.5.
There were 4 cases of pain during strenuous activity, 2 cases of mild movement restriction and one case of severe movement restriction.
Conclusion: Compared to other studies, the results of this study are much better in many cases and it is recommended to use this treatment in the treatment of unstable fractures of the lower end of the radius and especially if it develops into the radiocarpal joint.

---

Introduction: The phone's sound beams are known to be a valid test that reflects the activity of foreign hair cells, and are therefore very useful for assessing cochlear changes, such as those that occur after exposure to noise.
method: In one clinical trial, 74 volunteers aged 18-25 were examined by simple random sampling. The results of audiometric tests of the participants' pure sounds and tympanometry were within the norm on the day of the experiment. In this study, the phonetic tests of the phone were spontaneous, transient, and distorted from both ears of the subject, which was considered as a basic level of evaluation for us. Then a person's ear was selected and in the intensity of SPL 100 decibels and for 5 minutes in his ear was given a turn. After 2 minutes after the end of the presentation, the previous evaluations were repeated in both ears and the range of responses in both ears was compared.
Results: In 34 participants, submucosal nostrils led to a decrease in amplitude or SOAE responses. One of the interesting findings in this study was the emergence of new peaks in SOAE responses in the opposite ear after the presentation of the sound. The proposed noise created a significant statistical decrease in the range of TEOAE response both in the affected ear and in the opposite ear. Comparing the mean amplitude of DPOAE responses before and after exposure to shift-induced noise in the ear was significant in the Hertz range of 1699-6299, but this comparison was not significant in the opposite ear. The mean time of DPOAE incubation before and after exposure to shingles did not show a statistically significant difference in both the affected ear and the opposite ear.
Conclusion: The findings show that the phone's sound beams are a good tool for tracking hearing damage caused by noise. TEOAEs are also more sensitive to tracking than other tests, and can even be used as a very fast screening tool to assess susceptibility to hearing damage caused by noise before entering high-end industrial environments. And considered sound.

---

Introduction: Among the risk factors for coronary artery disease, less attention has been paid to physical activity, especially in children and adolescents. Various studies have shown that their level of physical activity is lower than the standard for maintaining lower health. In this study, the pattern of physical activity of children and adolescents in the central regions of Iran is examined.
Method: In this descriptive study, which is part of the first phase of the Isfahan Healthy Heart Project and was conducted in 2002, awareness of the attitude and performance of 4,000 urban and rural children and adolescents in preschool to high school in Isfahan (Isfahan, Najafabad) and Markazi (Arak city) and the parents of these students and 500 teachers and school officials have been examined about physical activity and the duration of watching TV through a questionnaire. Sampling was selected in the form of a random cluster and in proportion to the urban and rural population living in the two provinces. Data were analyzed with SPSS software and p<0.05 were considered significant.
Results: About 40 percent of middle and high school students in the two provinces practiced regular sports at school less than two hours a week. Regular morning exercise and school sports were more common in girls than boys (p<0.00001), but regular extracurricular exercise and sports team membership were more common in boys (P<0.001). More than 77 percent of parents were unaware of the importance of childhood exercise in their children's health. The average TV viewing time for children of different ages was 4 hours a day.
Conclusion: The level of physical activity of middle and high school students in the central regions of Iran is less than the desired level and the duration of watching TV is more than the recommended values.

---

Introduction: Some articles have suggested an increase in the prevalence of oral candidiasis in patients with psoriasis, as well as the potential for exacerbation or chronicity of psoriasis. Therefore, the prevalence of oral candidiasis in patients with psoriasis and its comparison with healthy individuals has been considered.
method: In this cross-sectional study, 43 people with psoriasis and 43 seemingly healthy individuals referred to dermatology clinics affiliated with Isfahan University of Medical Sciences were randomly selected and examined for the presence or absence of Candida albicans in the oral mucosa by direct lam and culture. Were placed.
Results: According to the results of this analytical study, 44.2% of patients with psoriasis with Candida albicans were infected with oral cavity, which was 25.6% for healthy individuals, and this difference was significant (p=0.05). There was also a significant relationship between the severity of psoriasis and the prevalence of oral Candida albicans (p=0.05).
Conclusion: The study found that candida yeast was more common in patients with psoriasis than in healthy people. According to the results of this study, it is recommended that all patients with psoriasis be examined for the presence of Candida albicans in the mouth and, if the test is positive, be treated with antifungal drugs.

---

Introduction: Hidden hepatitis B is a condition in which the surface antigen of hepatitis B in the patient's serum is negative but the DNA of the hepatitis B virus is detected in the serum or liver tissue. In this study, the prevalence of latent hepatitis B in chronic hepatitis C patients and their biochemical and histological changes were investigated.
method: In this descriptive study, target sampling was performed so that 27 chronic hepatitis C patients whose HBsAg was negative and during 2001 and 2002 to two hepatitis centers of Tehran and Research Center for Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases of Shahid University of Medical Sciences Beheshti came in and underwent liver sampling. On the hepatic paraffinic block of these patients, polymerase chain reaction tests were performed for the presence of HBVDNA, as well as immunohistochemical tests for the presence and detection of HBsAg and central hepatitis B antigen.
Results: Of the 27 PCR samples examined, patients reported positive HBVDNA in 5 cases (19%). In all of these patients, IHC tests were reported to be negative for HBsAg and HBcAg. Histological changes of cirrhosis and irreversible cirrhosis symptoms were seen only in the HBVDNA group.
Conclusion: The prevalence of latent hepatitis B is relatively high in patients with hepatitis C. In these patients, latent hepatitis B can exacerbate liver damage and accelerate the progression of cirrhosis.

---

Introduction: Electric seizure therapy is one of the most important treatments in psychiatry that is used as the least effective treatment for mental disorders. Significant anesthetics commonly used in Iran for this purpose are sodium thiopental with a dose of 0.5-3.5 mg/kg and propofol with a dose of 2-3 mg/kg, each of which has the above effects. It focuses on different systems of the body and causes different autonomic responses in patients. Therefore, it is necessary to compare the therapeutic effects and side effects of these two drugs in patients undergoing treatment for seizures with electricity. 
method: In this study, which is a cross-sectional clinical trial study, 40 patients in the field of electronics seizure therapy were examined twice, one time with propofol and the next with sodium thiopental to induce anesthesia. Pre-, post-operative, and postoperative information were collected and analyzed by a questionnaire for seizure duration, blood pressure, heart rate, and level of awareness.
Results: The duration of seizures in propofol was less than in thiopental, which was statistically significant (P<0.001). Blood fluid in the case of thiopental increased significantly compared to propofol (P<0.001). The thiopental receptor group also showed a higher increase in heart rate, but this difference was not significant.
Conclusion: The use of propofol in seismic therapy with electricity has fewer side effects than thiopental and its use is recommended.

---

---

Introduction: Dendritic  cells (DCs) play  an  important  role  in  induction  of  cellular  immune  responses. It  has  been  showed  that  the  nature  of  the  immune  responses  is  not  the  same  in  all  tissues.  It  seems  that  DCs  reside  in  different  organs  may  distinct  in  their  ability  to  induce  lymphocyte  proliferation .The  innate  tolerogenic  characteristic  of  the  liver  may  be  due  to  the  inability  of  liver  DCs  to  induce  proliferative  responses.
Materials  and  Methods:  In  this  study, the  DCs  were  isolated  from  the  liver  and  spleen  of  normal  C57BL/6  mice  by  enzymatic  digestion  and  nycodenz  centrifugation  gradient.  Isolated  DCs  were  pulsed  with  a  proper  concentration  of  myelin  oligodendrocyte  glycoprotein  peptide (MOG35-55). About  6*105  pulsed  DCs  from  liver  and  spleen  were  injected  to  the  footpad  of  two  different  groups  of  mice. Unpulsed  Dcs  were  injected  to  control  group.  After  5  days, the  mononuclear  cells  (MNCs)  of  the  popliteal  lymph  nodes  were  isolated  from  immunized  mice  and  their  proliferative  response  were  evaluated  in  the  presence  and  absence  of  MOG35-55.
Results: The  obtained  results  showed  that  the  proliferartive  response intrnsity  of  MNGs  in  mice  immunized  with  pulsed  DCs  were  higher  than  control  group  (p<0.004). furthermore  there  was  no  significant  difference  between  proliferative  response  of  mice  immunized  with  liver  DCs  and  those  immunized  with  splenic  DCs. These  finding  showed  that  the  liver  and  spleen  DCs  could  be  pulsed  proplerly  with  the  antigen  in  tissue  culture  and  can  induce  a  reasonable  proliferative  response.
Conclusion: The  equal  ability  of  liver  and  spleen  DCs  to  induce  the  proliferative  response  indicates  that  the  type  of  induced  response  may  differ  at  in  vivo  and  ex  vivo  conditions  and  microenviromental  factors  can  modulated  the  immune  response.

---