Fereshteh Shahmohammadi,
Volume 1, Issue 1 (12-1996)
Abstract
This article has no abstract.
Hamid Gerami ,
Volume 1, Issue 1 (12-1996)
Abstract
This article has no abstract.
Fereshteh Shahmohammadi,
Volume 1, Issue 2 (3-1997)
Abstract
Women over 40 have unwanted pregnancy and abortion in a high rate. They have a little chance to choice Contraception Method.O.C.P. and IUD must be available for those who are subjected to OCP and IUD. Mechanical methods are useful while sexual intercourse is rare and with careful palnning. Today, there are different kinds of methods of contraception, so it is unreasonable why unwanted pregnancies and selective abortions in women are 40 do not show remarkable reduction.
Masoume Abedzadeh,
Volume 1, Issue 2 (3-1997)
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common type of cancer in women and the most common cause of death in women between the age of 40-50. The etiology of breast cancer has not well known yet, but many factors such as age, weight, age of menarch and menopause, hormonal factors, age at the first delivery, family history of breast cancer, diet, alchole , smoking, and etc are known as predisposing factors of breast cancer.
Mahmoud Pedram,
Volume 1, Issue 2 (3-1997)
Abstract
The retention of 500-900 meq sodium and 6-8 litre water, which is b diffused between extracellular fluid space of mother and fetues is performed in pregnancy slowly. When plasma volume increase by 30-50%, mean blood pressure decreases by 15% approximately. In the second half of the pregnancy, blood pressure increases slowly and it returns to its previous status, in the period of term. GFR is increases by 30-50% in the twelfth week of pregnancy, and it remains steady until the term period .Glucosuria and Aminoaciduria may be observed during the pregnancy. In this time ureters are dilated and it continues until the twelve weeks after delivery. The cardiac output goes up in the primary trimester and then it remains fixed until the term. Hypertension is still one of the main reason of morality both in mother and infetus. The best division of blood pressure in the pregnancy has advocated by American college of Gynecologist, which has got 4 parts:
A: hypertension which exactly relates to pregnancy ( Eclampsy , Pre-eclampsy)
B:chronic Hypertension with other causes
C:Chronic Hypertension which has been added by pre _Eclampsy
D: Pregnancy induced Hypertension
The other crucial problems in pregnancy is acute renal failure , which may be causes by renal isschmia by the effect of nephrotoxic agent. The cellular lesion might be revercible. It might be accomparied with complete renal function and might be irreversible, therefore it may lead to renal cortical necrosis. In addition to usual reasons of acute failure , some of them relates specifically to pregnancy. Only infectious, criminal abortions and malignant vomiting are reasons of failure in the beginning of pregnancy, which severe pre-eclampsy, placenta and placenta abruption are the main reasons of renal failure in the final phase of pregnancy.
Sedighe Amini Ranjbar,
Volume 1, Issue 3 (6-1997)
Abstract
Acquired zinc deficiency in breast-fed-infants , particularly under six MO, of age is rare except in premature infant and acrodematitis entropathica. Our case in this essay seems that after a prolonged diarrhea due to E coli has got transient zinc deficiency, that with oral zinc sulfat shows prompt clinical response in 72 hours. Therefore ihtractable "diaper rash" in a full term or preterm breast-fed-infants or in a patient with prolonged diarrhea may be due to zinc, deficiency, a therapeutic trial of zinc in a patient with high index of suspicion of zinc deficiency is a reasonable and safe.
Abbas Arjmand Shabestari ,
Volume 1, Issue 4 (9-1997)
Abstract
Gestational age determination is one of the main aims of total sonorgraphy and this is determined according to some criteria including Crown-Rump Length ( CRL). In a descriptive study T estimation of Gestational age was accomplished based on 1081 CRL determination in 977 Iranian pregnant women. Comparing this Iranian gestational age table with different American tables, Iranian embroys gestational age were about 3 days more than Americans with equal CRL. Significant of independent personal variables in these gestational age estimation is also evaluated.
Fereshteh Shahmohammadi , Mohammad Anvar Ahmadi ,
Volume 1, Issue 4 (9-1997)
Abstract
In this study 2510 neonates from 2465 pregnancies (2420 single fetus, 44 twins and Triplets) in Taleghani Hospital of Arak have investigated for 4 months. Any type of evident anomaly at time of the deliveries that diagnosed by reasercher has accepted as an anomaly only when it confirmed by podiatrist. Thus the overall congenital anomaly incidence was 1.04%. The congenital anomaly incidence in the male neonates (1.34%) was about two items more than female neonates(0.72%). But the differences between them is not significant ( P=0.0.26) The congenital anomaly incidence in neonates with gestational age aqual to or above the 38 weeks was 0/89% .The difference between them was significant(p=0.0042). The congenital anomaly incidence in neonates with body weight below 2500 gr was 2.59% and and in neonates with body weight equal to or above the 2500% gr was 0.91%.The difference between them is significant(P=0.0264). Between the congenital anomaly incidence in neonates by then maternal age and pariety aren’t significant difference. The difference between anomalies incidence in single fetus deliveries and multiple fetus in significant(p=0.0244). The congenital anomaly incidence in neonates with relative parents was 2.14% and in other newborns was 0.9% .The difference between them significant (P<0.005)
Vahid Goharian , Leila Moghareabed, Homeyra Fazelniya ,
Volume 1, Issue 5 (12-1997)
Abstract
Introduction: Cesarean section is the most common surgery in obstetric department and the most common causes are subsequently dystocia, repeated cesarean section, breech presentation and fetal distress .Cesarean section surgery has many complications and decrease in the rate of cesarean section can direct to safe delivery. In this study we researched to determine cesarean rate and its causes in Markazi Province for planning to give safe delivery.
Method: In this descriptive study, all mothers that delivered during the time of research (20 days) in all centers of delivery in Markazi Province were evaluated We investigated the mothers age, delivery, type of delivery location of delivery and etiology of cesarean.
Results: The study has investigated 721 mothers with the mean age of 25.5 cesarean section rate was 29.3% .The most common causes of cesarean section were subsequency distotia (33%), repeated cesarean section (24.17%) and fetal distress (10.9%) .The rate of cesarean section in private centers (74%) was more than university centers.(26%)
Discussion: The rate of cesarean section in Markazi province is more than other countries(29.3% to 22.7%) . Distocia and repeated cesarean are the most causes but fetal distress is the third etiology to fourth etiology in other studies. This study also shows the effect of socioeconomic status in increasing the cesarean section rate.
Mozhgan Hashemieh , Ali Amani,
Volume 1, Issue 5 (12-1997)
Abstract
Exclusive breast feeding for the first six months of the life and then breast feeding with supplemental nutrition of the two year of age are the best way of feeding. Although almost all mothers are able to have successful breast feeding, many infants are still being fed by fomula or receiving supplemental nutrition from the first month of life. In this study, information about 400 infants between 4-6 months of life fed by non-exclusive breast feeding method chosen with simple randomization has been gathered. The most common cause of non-exclusive breast feeding was infantile restlessness (36.2%). The other causes include: incorrect mothers belief about milk insufficiency, family advices, fewer weight gaining of infants (7.7%), business of mother (6.5%), maternal and infantial diseases (2.2%) and advice of some physicians (2%).Although 75% of the mothers has been educated during pregnancy of perinatal period, but they did not feed exclusively their infants with breast milk.
Marzieh Akbar Zadeh, Mahboubeh Khorsandi,
Volume 2, Issue 6 (3-1999)
Abstract
In order to accessing the factors which affect the incidence of unwanted pregnancy, a descriptive study was done in the city of arak and Rural area in 1995.From the total numbers of unwanted pregnancy (761) 235 of them was in the villages and 132 cases 56.2% was unwanted. The results revealed that there is a significant relation between socioeconomic status, education and parity (p<0.001). The most common method was contraceptive pills in rural area (53.7) and the most important source of receiving information was health house. There is a significant relation between the duration of using contraceptive and unwanted pregnancy (p<0.001). The most common cause that women avoid to use of contraceptive methods was fear from complication of oral contraceptive 34.5%, irregular use of missing 25.8% and husband disagreement 24.4%.
Nemat Billan , Parisa Yavari Kya,
Volume 2, Issue 6 (3-1999)
Abstract
This research is a descriptive study that investigate the relationship between some of the personal – social characteritistics of mothers (such as age, education, occupation, parity)birth spacing and breast feeding (type of nutrition in the first 6 months of age, duration of lactation and the most of supplementary feeding) with growth status of children in first year. The site of this study is Tabriz. The sample size were 314 children who referred to 20 medical centers and the information were gathered through special forms. then these data were analyzed with step by step regression method. The results showed that there is a significant relationship between mothers education and childs height growth (p=0.0497), birth spacing with childs weight growth (p=0.0042) , continuity of breast feeding with childs height (p=0.0331) and head circumference growth (p=0.0038) and childs sex with his/her height- weight and head circumference in the first year of life. This study shows that promotion of mothers education, appropriate birth spacing and continuity of breast feeding can increase the velocity of growth in children.
Zarganj Fard, Pouran Hashemi , Masoume Falahian,
Volume 2, Issue 8 (9-1999)
Abstract
One of the most critical problems in the world is control of population. Usage of DMPA (Depo Medroxy Progestrone Acetate) is one effective method for contraception. This study was done on 55 patients in Imam Hossein Hospital of Tehran. The interval of injections of DMPA were 3 months and the dosage of this hormone was 150 grams; In this research the side effect of DMPA on the compliance of patients the cause of discontinuation of DMPA were assessed. 18 number of patients has received 4 and 17 number of them had received only 1 injection. The age of majority of them were over 30 years and 34 of them had one or two children. 88% of these women had menstrural abnormalities and the most problem was amenorrhea. The majority of women in this study had weight gain ( mean 6.9Kg). Hypertension was not side effect of DMPA. The most common complaints of our patients were menstrural abnormalities, headache and nervousness. The most common cause of discontinuation of DMPA was menstrural problems especially amenorrhea. One case of pregnancy has occurred between 55 patients in this study.
Esmat Mashhadi,
Volume 2, Issue 9 (3-1999)
Abstract
Ectopic pregnancy is the second cause of maternal mortality and also the most common cause of pregnant women mortality during the first trimester. In recent years, the rate of ectopic pregnancy has been increased but incidence of compound pregnancy is about 1/3000 of the whole pregnancies. In this article a case of compound pregnancy in a 33 year-old woman who been operated in Taleghani hospital is reported.
Afsane Zarganj Fard,
Volume 3, Issue 1 (3-2000)
Abstract
The most common bacterial infection during pregnancy is urinary tract infection (UTI), its presentation in pregnancy includes asymptomatic bacteriuria or symptomatic infections such as pyelonephritis. The etiologic microorganisms of UTI are normal flora of perineum, vagina and anus. This study was conducted on 1736 pregnant w0men who were referred to health centers in Arak. Urinalysis and urine culture were done for all patients and a questionnaire was filled in by midwives or physicians. In patients with positive urine cultures the treatment was begun and second urine culture was performed 2 weeks after treatment. The results: The incidence of asymptomatic bacteriuria and cystitis were 6.3% and 1.3%. Also there was a significant relation between previous UTI and asymptomatic bacteriuria (p<0.02). There was no meaningful relation between age and parity with asymptomatic bacteriuria. The most common organisms was E coli which was detected in 87.5% of cases.
Zohreh Majidi,
Volume 3, Issue 4 (12-2000)
Abstract
This article has no abstract.
Hassan Ehteram, Elahe Mesdaghinia, Tahereh Mazoochi,
Volume 12, Issue 1 (5-2009)
Abstract
Background: Hyperemesis Gravidarum is the pernicious vomiting during pregnancy that causes various complications. This present was investigated to relationship between Helicobacter Pylori and Hyperemesis Gravidarum. Methods and Materials: 80 women with 7-16 gestational age, participated in this case-control study. It was done in Obstetric Clinical of Shabihkhani Hospital in Kashan from April to July 2008.The case group had Hyperemesis Gravidarum but the control group did not. The criteria for Hyperemesis Gravidarum were pernicious vomiting (more than 3 times a day) and the presence of one pluse ketonuria. Serum titre of anti Helicobacter pylori IgG with standard ELAZA kit in each group then compared. Chi square test was applied for data analysis and significancy was P-Value less than 0.05. Results: The mean of age was 25.4±4.5 in case and 22.4±4.6 in control group. There were no statistically significant differences in age, gestational age, gravity and parity between two groups. The frequency of Helicobacter Pylori was 75% in case and 35% in control group. Difference was significant (p=0.001). Conclusion: In this study, significant relationship between Hyperemesis Gravidarum and Helicobacter Pylori was seen. Regarding to Helicobacter Pylori causes peptic ulcer and hyperemesis imitates some Peptic ulcer symptoms, more studies should be carried out to determine this relationship.
Esmat Mashhadi, Marjan Rafigh, Ali Ghazavi, Mohammad Rafei, Ghasem Mosayebi,
Volume 12, Issue 1 (5-2009)
Abstract
Background: Hypertension disorders are the most common medical complication during pregnancy. Preeclampsia is an important cause of mortality. The pathophisiology of it is still unknown. But sex hormon especially testosterone may be has a role in preeclampsia. We were conducted the comparison of serum free testosterone level in preeclamptic with normotensive pregnant women. Methods and Materials: This research was a case-control study included 27 women with singleton pregnancy who were complicated with preeclampsia (11 with severe preeclampsia and 16 with mild preeclampsia) and 62 normotensive pregnant women who were matched for age, body mass index (BMI) and gravity. Serum levels of free testosterone were measured by ELISA method. Results:Serum testosterone level was higher in preeclamptic group (1.66 ng/ml) than in mean of the control group (1.27 ng/ml), but this difference was not significant. Mean of testosterone levels in sever preeclampsia were higher than mild preeclampsia patients, however it was not statistically significant (2.08, 1.37, respectively). Conclusion: It seems that testosterone has not significant role in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia. .
Noorosadat Kariman,
Volume 12, Issue 2 (9-2009)
Abstract
Background: Cervical cancer is a preventable disease and we can determined preventive methods by discovering ethiology of disease. There are no appropriate research about the relation between coitus during menstruation and cervical cancer in Iran. This study is done to investigate the relationship between coitus during menstruation and cervical cancer in women referring to health care centers of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences in 2007-2008. Methods and Materials: This case-control study was carried out on 100 patients with cervical cancer (case) and 100 healthy women (control). All participates were Moslem with Iranian nationality and habitant in Iran. They had no previous history of frequent pelvic radiotherapy and alcohol consumption. Two groups were matched with age, age of first coitus, age of first vaginal delivery, parity and type of delivery. Data was collected through structured interview and analyzed using Chi-square and logistic-regression. Result: The study showed that 40% of case group and 10% of control group had coitus during menstruation. Coitus during menstruation in case group was 6 times more than control group (p<0.0001, odds ratio =6.0, CI= 2.7-12.9). Discussion: Coitus during menstruation may increase the risk of cervical cancer. A research is recommended to find out the best educational method which to prevent this disease.
Tooba Heidari, Noorolsadat Kariman, Zahra Heidari, Laila Amirifarahani,
Volume 12, Issue 4 (1-2010)
Abstract
Abstract Background: Different studies have shown the inability of traditional lecture method to active teaching method in concept transmitting of higher learning domain. The aim of this study was comparing the effects of feedback lecture method and conventional lecture method on learning and quality of teaching. Materials and Methods: In quasi-experimental study, 27 Arak medical science midwifery students who were in fourth semester, randomly, were divided to two groups of “teaching by feedback lecture” and “teaching by conventional lecture”. Desired topic were presented by one teacher as a 90- minute lecture in control group and as two 35-minute lectures with 10-minute discussion after each part in case group. Informational form, and post test and student' opinion form were used respectively to identify the demographic characteristics, short tem and long term learning and quality of teaching form. Results: Demographic characteristics, quality of teaching form student’s opinion, total scores of pre and post test were similar in two groups. Results of teaching score in post test in knowledge and perception level were similar. But there was a significant difference between application and analysis level in two groups(p=0.011). Also, total and domain scores of post test after a month were not different in both groups. Conclusion: Results indicated that learning by feedback lecture can be more effective than conventional lecture method in application and analysis domain.
